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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the climate of Bordeaux and how does it compare to Burgundy?
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Maritime climate, warmer and wetter than Burgundy
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What are the characteristics of a Maritime climate?
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fewer seasonal extremes but higher diurnal shifts (warm days, cool nights)
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The predominance of blending in Bordeaux has what effect on the general characteristics of their wines?
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Variation in vintage less pronounced than Burgundy, later ripening varietals can be used
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What are the 5 sub-regions of Bordeaux's left bank?
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Northern (Bas) Medoc
Haut Medoc Medoc Graves & Pessac-Léognan Sauternes-Barsac-Cerons |
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Name six significant Medoc communes
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St. Estéphe
Pauillac St. Julien Margaux Listrac Moulis |
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List the eight Bordeaux Right Bank sub-regions.
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Libournais
St. Émilion Pomerol Cote de Franc Cote de Castillon Fronsac Canon-Fronsac Entre-deux-Mers |
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What does the name Entre-deux-Mers mean?
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Between two seas – in this case, between the Garonne and the Dordogne
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Describe the soil of Medoc
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Gravel over iron pan + some sand provide great drainage, heat capture and low fertility
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Describe the soil of St. Émilion
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Gravel over limestone and clay
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Describe the wines of St. Émilion
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Merlot/Cab Franc dominant, elegant, gentle and rich
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What is unusual about Pomerol with respect to cru classification?
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It has none
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What are the primary red grapes of Bordeaux's Left Bank?
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70% Cabernet Sauvignon, 30% Merlot.
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Describe the wines of Medoc AOC
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Red wines, predominantly Merlot (an exception for Cab Sauvignon dominated Left Bank Bordeaux)
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What are the primary red grapes of Bordeaux's Right Bank?
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70% Merlot
25% Cab Franc |
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What are the primary white grapes grown in Bordeaux?
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Semillon
Sauvignon Blanc Muscadelle |
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What are the 5 classified first growth Bordeaux chateaux and their locations?
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Lafite-Rothschild: Médoc (Pauillac)
Latour: Médoc (Pauillac) Mouton-Rothschild: Médoc (Pauillac) Margaux: Médoc (Margaux) Haut-Brion: Pessac-Leognan |
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Where is St. Éstephe, and what type of wine is produced there?
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Northern Médoc – dry, full-bodied merlot-based blends in a masculine style: chunky fruit with sweet spice and cedar, higher alc.
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What are the Crus Classé from St. Éstephe (not required for mid-term)?
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Chateau Montrose (2nd growth)
Chateau Cos D'Estournel (2nd growth) Chateau Calon-Segur (3rd growth) Chateau Lafon-Rochet (4th growth) Chateau Cos-Labory (5th growth) |
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Where is Pauillac, and what type of wine is produced there?
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Médoc, south of St. Éstephe – Dry and powerful yet with finesse, cassis and new oak, rich with fruit when mature.
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What are the 1st growth Crus Classé from Pauillac AOC?
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Chateau Latour
Chateau Mouton Rothshild Chateau Lafite-Rothschild |
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Where is St. Julien AOC, and what type of wine is produced there?
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Médoc – medium bodied, pure of style, well-balanced and elegant, between power of Pauillac and finesse of Margaux
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Where is Margeaux, and what type of wine is produced there?
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Medoc – exquisite dry, medium to full-bodied wines that are rich with elegance and finesse with a silky finish
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Where are Listrac & Moulis, and what type of wine is produced there?
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Médoc – good value wines, stainless steel with some oak aging,should be consumed young though best vintages will age well. Moulis slightly superior to Listrac.
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What is the soil of Graves famous for?
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Gravel and quartz
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What grapes are used in Sauternes?
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Sémillon, Sauvignon blanc and Muscadelle (the typical white grapes of Bordeaux).
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Where are Graves and Pessac-Leognan AOCs located and when were they classified?
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Graves, 1953 and again in 1959 to include both reds and whites.
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Characterize the reds of Graves & Pessac-Leognan.
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Clean, vivid fruit, silky texture with hints of violets. PL wines are soft and silky with violets and great fruit concentration.
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Characterize the whites of Graves & Pessac-Leognan.
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No fixed style to Graves whites, PL often oak aged with tropical fruit flavours, great acidity and structure.
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What is the French name for Bordeaux's right bank?
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The Libournais
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What are the two most significant AOCs in Bordeaux's right bank?
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St. Emilion and Pomerol
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Characterize the wines of St. Emilion
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Soft, silky and savoury wines with mocha, coffee and spice – Cab Franc and Merlot dominant blends
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What are St. Emilion's two Premiers Grand Cru Class A chateaus?
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Chateau Cheval Blanc
Chateau Ausone |
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Characterize the wines of Pomerol
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Velvety, ripe-plummy without marked acidity or tannins
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What are the Cotes d'Or and what region are they in?
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Cotes de Nuits and Cotes de Beaune, Burgundy
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What are the sub-regions of Burgundy?
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From north to south: Chablis, Cotes de Nuits, Cotes de Beaune, Cotes Chalonnaise, Maconnais, Beaujolais
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Characterize the wines of Chablis
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Whites only, primarily chardonnay, with the exception of Saint Bris which is made with sauvignon blanc and sauvignon gris
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Characterize the wines of Cotes de Nuits
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The best Pinot Noir reds of the Burgundy region. All but one of the Red Burgundy Grand Crus are in Cote de Nuits.
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Characterize the wines of Cotes de Beaune
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The best whites of the Burgundy region (Chardonnay). All but one of Burgundy's white Grand Crus are in Beaune.
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Characterize the wines of Cotes Chalonnaise
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Both red and white production, pinot noir, chardonnay, and aligoté
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Characterize the wines of Maconnaise
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Both red and white production, softer expressions, generally speaking, than those of the other Burgundy AOCs.
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Characterize the wines of Beaujolais
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White, red and rosés from Chardonnay and Gamay.
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Characterize the soil of Beaujolais
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Granite in the north, sand in the south
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What is the Burgundy appelation hierarchy or "quality pyramid"?
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Grand Cru (2%)
Premier Crus (commune) (15%) Village (commune) (30%) Regional (53%) |
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What is kimmeridgian soil and what region is it common to?
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Chalky soil, the remnants of seashells from when the area of Chablis was underwater
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Chablis has more in common with the _____ region than _____ of which it is a part.
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Chablis has more in common with Champagne than Burgundy.
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What are the four quality levels of Chablis?
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Petit Chablis
Chablis Chablis Premier Cru Chablis Grand Cru |
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What are the 7 Grand Cru Vineyards of Chablis?
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Bougros, Les Preuses, Vaudésir, Grenouilles, Valmur, Les Clos and Blanchot. "La Mouton" is often considered the unofficial 8th (Recognized by BIBV but not INAO).
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What is the Cote d'Or known for?
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The best Chardonnay and Pinot Noir in the world
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Characterize the differences between Cote de Nuits and Cote de Baune.
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CdN: 95% Pinot, bigger, longer-lived, more "masculine" style – tannic, earthy
CdB Softer, ready to drink earlier, more famous for whites and more "feminine" PN |
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How many Grand Cru vineyards does Cote de Nuits have?
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25 in six communes:
Gevrey-Chambertin (9) Morey-Saint-Denis (5) Chambolle-Musigny (2) Vougeot (1 - Clos de Vougeot) Flagey-Echézeaux (2) Vosne-Romanée (6) |
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How many Grand Cru vineyards does Cote de Beaune have?
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15 in 5 communes:
Pernand-Vergelesses (3) Ladoix-Serrigny (2) Aloxe-Corton (3) Puligny-Montrachet (4) Chassagne-Montrachet (3) |
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From what vineyard do the only Grand Cru Reds in Cote de Beaune come from?
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Corton
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From what vineyard does the only Grand Cru White in Cote de Nuits come from?
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Musigny
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What appellations are specific to Cote Chalonnais?
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Bourgogne Côte Chalonnaise
Bouzeron (Aligoté) Rully (AOC + 1er Cru) red+white Mercurey (AOC + 1er Cru) red+white Givry (AOC + 1er Cru) red+white Montagny (white only) |
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What types of wine are produced in Maconnais?
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Primarily whites from Chardonnay with some Gamay
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What appellations are specific to Maconnais?
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Macon AOC (r+w)
Macon Superieur (r+w) Macon-Village (white) St. Veran (white) Pouilly-Fuissé (white) Viré-Clessé (white) Pouilly-Vinzelles (white) Pouilly-Loche (white) |
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Group the 10 Crus Beaujolais according to ageability.
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Age less than 3 years: Brouilly, Regnie & Chiroubles
Age 4-6 years: Cote de Brouilly, Fleurie & St. Amour Age 4-10 years: Morgon, Juliénas, Chénas & Moulin-a-Vent |
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What are the four Beaujolais AOC classifications, and which one does not permit white or rose?
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Beaujolais & Beaujolais Nouveau (carbonic maceration)
Beaujolais Superieur Beaujolais Villages Crus Beaujolais (red only) |
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Characterize the reds of the northern Rhone.
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Syrah, dark purple, bold & savoury. Sometimes blended with viognier to add fruit.
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What are the 8 appellations of the Northern Rhone and what styles of wine do they produce?
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Côte-Rôtie AOC - red, Syrah + < 20% Viognier
Condrieu AOC - Viognier Château-Grillet AOC - Viognier Saint-Joseph AOC - r+w, Syrah, Marsanne and Roussanne Crozes-Hermitage AOC - r+w, Syrah, Marsanne and Roussanne Hermitage AOC - r+w, Syrah, Marsanne and Roussanne Cornas AOC - Syrah only Saint-Péray AOC - sparkling and still whites, Marsanne and Roussanne only |
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Where are the Cote de Brune and Cote de Blonde?
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Northern Rhone
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What proportions of Rhone wine production do the north and south contribute?
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North: 5%
South: 95% |
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What are the main AOCs of the Southern Rhone?
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CdR, CdR-V
Chateauneuf-du-pape Gigondas Rasteau Vacqueras Tavel Lirac Cotes de Ventoux Cotes du Luberon Coteaux de Tricastin |
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What varietals are permitted in Southern Rhone AOCs?
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Grenache is the main grape, followed by Syrah, Mourvedre, Cinsault and Carignan
Up to 40 grapes, red and white, permitted in total uncliding PN |
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Characterize the reds of the Southern Rhone.
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Hi alc, deep cherry red, spicy and full-bodied with ripe fruit, licorice, new leather, cinnamon and spice
Not as savoury as northern Rhone |
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Characterize the climate of Chateauneuf-du-pape.
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Driest region of the Rhone, with warm dry prevailing "mistral" wind, 2800 hours of sunshine per year, heat stored in stones and released at night.
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Characterize the red wines of Chateauneuf-du-pape.
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Intense in colour, complex bouquet of red fruits, leather, liquorice, spices, balsamic. Intense & fine floral nuances. Rounded & unctuous on the palate, great length.
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Characterize the white wines of Chateauneuf-du-pape.
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Translucent pale yellow, floral nuances, honeysuckle, narcissus, intence and balanced on the palate with full mouth & long aromatic finish.
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Characterize the wines of Gigondas.
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Predominantly Granache, dark, sumptuous & elegant, distinct bouquet of red fruit, licorice & kirsch, forthright, tannic but well-balanced on palate.
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Characterize the wines of Vacqueyras.
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Reds are grenache-dominant GSM blends with up to 10% other grapes.
Whites (2% of production) – Clairette, grenache blanc, bourboulen, roussanne, marsanne, viognier. |
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What are "galettes"?
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Quartz rocks in the CdR (Chateauneuf-de-pape particularly) which absorb heat from the sun and release it at night.
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Who invented the Champagne method?
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Christopher Merret
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What were Dom Perignon's contributions?
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Blending, the muselet (wire collar)
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What is another name for the methode ancestrale?
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Methode rurale
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When did champagne first use the methode champenoise?
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19th century
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What is the Champagne region's geographic claim to fame?
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Northernmost winemaking region of France
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What are the 5 regions of Champagne?
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Cote de Blancs
Montagne de Reims Valle de la Marne Cotes de Cezanne The Aube |
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The predominant soil in the Champagne region is what?
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Chalk, mostly, Kimmeridgian in the Aube
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What is the climate of Champagne?
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Marginal; cold winters, warm summers.
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What grapes are used in Champagne?
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Chardonnay for acidity/fruit
Pinot Noir for colour/structure Pinot Meunier for colour/fruit |
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What are the 11 steps of the Methode Traditionelle?
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Hand picking and weighing
Pressing 1st Fermentation Assemblage Addition of Liquer de Tirage Second Fermentation Maturation Remuage/Riddling - pupitre=by hand, gyropalette=machine Dosage with liqueur d'expedition Corking & Dressing (habilage) |
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How is carbonation achieved other than the Champagne method?
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Charmat /Tank/Cuvée Close method – Prosecco, Moscato d'Asti
Transfer Method – 2nd fermentatn in bottle but filtered and xferred to a 2nd bottle Injection (into tank) – cheapest and lowest quality Methode Ancestrale/Rurale – chilling stalls fermentation, wine is bottled (clairette de die, blanquet de limoux in rhone) |
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What do the producer's codes on Champagne mean?
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NM – negociant-manipulant (large companies purchase large quantities of wine for blending)
RM – recoltant-manipulant (growers who make and sell their own wine) CM – co-operatives manipulant MA – marque-auxiliaire (bottled for specific retailers, often average quality) |
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What is the difference between NV and Vintage Champagne?
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NV – blend which contains reserve wine from other harvests, aged >15 months, 75% of all Champagne produced
Vintage – from a single year, aged >3 years, up to 80% of the year's harvest may be used |
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What are Blanc de Blanc and Blanc de Noirs champagnes
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White from white and white from black (grapes), respectively
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What is Cuvée Prestige?
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Grand Marques – best Champagne from a particular house
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What method and grapes are used in Cava (Spain)?
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Methode Traditionelle; Xarel-lo, Parellada, Macabeo (Viura in Rioja), Chardonnay
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How are sugar levels of Champagne designated?
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Brut Nature – bone dry 0-3 g/L
Xtra Brut – v dry 0-6 Brut – dry to off-dry 0-15 Extra Sec off-dry to slightly sweet 12-20 Sec – slightly sweet to sweet – 17-35 Demi-Sec – sweet 33-50 Doux – very sweet 50+ g/L |
