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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What country has the most acreage? |
Spain |
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Spain has the saying, "The rain in Spain falls mainly on the plain" means what? |
Most of the vineyards are fairly dry, so production is lower per acre. |
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Spain has over _____ varieties planted throughout the country. |
400 |
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80% of Spain's wine production is only from 20 grapes. What are these grapes? |
Red: Tempranillo, Grenache, Monastrell White: Albarino from Gallicia, Palomino, Airen, and Macabeo *Three cava grapes include: Parellada, Xarel-lo, and Carinea |
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Spain is 3rd in overall wine production behind which two countries? |
France and Italy |
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Spanish wine laws created what system in 1932? |
Denominación de Origen (DO) |
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French wine laws? |
AOC |
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Portugal/Italy wine laws? |
DOC |
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Spain 5-tier classification system? |
*Vino de Mesa (VdM): table wine *Vinos de la Tierra (VdIT): similar to France's vin de pays system *Vino de Calidad Producido en Region Determinada (VCPRD): similar to Vin Delimite de Qaualite Superieure *Denominacion de Origen Calificada (DOCa/DOQ): consistent quality, step above DO *Vino de Pago: individual single estates with international reputation |
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What geographical feature influences the climates of many Spanish wine regions? |
The mountain ranges of Spain |
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Spanish Wine Regions: Northwest "Green" Spain (Galicia) |
*lush green valleys are plentiful *lots of fresh fish *Native Grape: Albarino (90%) *Albarino has smooth aromatic terpenes; strong acidity and tannin *6-hour maceration with skins *are specializes in zesty white wines and a few aromatic red wines *Granitic soils about 70 inches or rain |
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Spanish Wine Regions: Mediterranean Coast |
*very diverse macro-region that contains the sub regions of Valencia, Catalonia, Murcia *Catalonia: known for Cava (sparkling wine)and a highly acclaimed red wine, Priorat *Valencia/Murcia: warmer regions; produce a bulk of value wines from deep red Monastrell to aromatic white Malvasia and the widely planted Airen |
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Spanish Wine Regions: Duero River Valley |
*same as Douro in Portugal *Notable for rich white Verdejo of Rueda and the red wines of Toro, Ribera del Duero, & Leon *Wine grape of Toro: Tinta de Toro *Ribera del Duero: home to one of the most famous wineries in Spain: Vega Sicilia |
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Spanish Wine Regions: Andalucia |
*very hot and dry region *famous for Sherry *Stark white albariza soil makes vineyards look like a moonscape *fortified dessert wines: PX |
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Spanish Wine Regions: Central Plateau (Meseta Central) |
*inner plateau of Spain & home to Madrid *dry and sunny *vines are spaced out & close to the ground *Some of the best value red wines made of Monastrell, Syrah, Tempranillo, and Grenache come from this area |
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The Central Plateau is a dominant geographical influence of the Spanish Viticulture. Because it is a dry area, they depend on irrigation from what? |
Rivers *there are many rivers that contribute to the viticulture: Ebro river, The duero, The Tajo, The Guadalquivir |
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Spain's climate varies depending on the area. What is the overall climate like? |
Summer's are hot; little rain; cold temps in winter |
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Major Spanish Wine regions include: 1) The Rioja and Ribera del Duero 2) Jerez 3) Priorat and Penedes 4) Rias Baixas (northwest region of Galicia) what grapes are these regions known for? |
1) Tempranillo 2) Sherry 3) GSM Blends 4) Albarino and Catalonia (includes Cava) |
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Labeling Categories: 1) Crianza 2) Reserva 3) Gran Reserva |
1) aged 2 years w/ at least 6 months in oak 2) aged 3 years with at least 1 year in oak 3) aged 5 years, with at least 18 months in oak |
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Spanish Red Grapes |
Tempranillo (Ribero del Duero & Rioja) Bobal (in Valencia) Grenache Monastrell |
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Spanish White Grapes |
Albarino (still white) Macabeu (cava) Parellada (cava) Xarel-lo (cava) |
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Cava History |
*used to be called "Spanish Champagne" *translates to "cave" or "cellar" *adopted to distinguish from French champagne *first made around 1851 |
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Cava is: |
*Sparkling wine of Spain *DO status *mostly produced in Catalonia using white or rose *Most popular cava: Madabeu, Parellada, Xarel-lo *about 95% of all cava is produce din the Penedes area of Catalonia |
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What tends to kill vines in Spain? |
Overcrowding (water competition) |
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What is the most widely planted grape variety of Spain? second most? |
Airen (a white wine grape that is known for its hardiness and resistance to drop) Tempranillo (best in the north, Rioja and Ribero del Duero) Garnacha is also popular (best in the east-->priorat and penedes) |
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What is Marco Real? |
*a widely adopted system that involves having 8 feet of space between vines in all directions *use din areas mostly in the south and central regions *lowest vine density in the world *traditional spanish vineyards harvest grapes by hand; modernized by mechanical harvesting |
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Germany Wine Facts: |
*8th in world wine production *produced mostly in the west, along the rhine river or the Mosel *Mostly white wines, especially Riesling *Red wines aren't great (Pinot Noir used) |
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Top 3 wines produced by Germany |
1) Riesling 2) Miller-Thurgau 3) Pinot Noir |
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How does Germany incorporate sugars? |
It gets cold before fermentation is complete, leaving residual sugar; typically unoaked; cold-filter to remove the yeast and then bottle *The more sugar the higher the price |
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Ripeness categories (in increasing order of sweetness): |
1) Kabinett 2) Spatlese (late harvest) 3) Auslese (select harvest) 4) Beerenauslese (berry selection) 5) Eiswein (ice-wine) 6) Trockenbeerenauslese (dry berry selection) *Keeping sugar after becomes extra tasty |
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Riesling vineyards in Germany account for what percentage of the overall riesling vineyards worldwide? |
61.4% |
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Because German wines don't get very ripe, they have high levels of what? |
acidity |
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What is the main river that wines are produced around? |
Rhine river and its tributaries |
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Germany is among the most northerly wine-growing countries of the world. it is primarily the warm ____ ______ and its tempering influence on western Europe's climate that enable grapes to ripen this far north. |
Gulf Stream |
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What are sparkling wines called in Germany? |
Sekt |
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The main wine producing climate in Germany lies below the ____ ______, which runs through the regions of Rheingau and Mosel. Above this line the climate becomes less conducive to wine production, but there are still some vineyards above this line. |
50th Parallel |
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In Germany, _____ accounts for 22%, ______ accounts for 13%, and _____ accounts for 12%. Lots of minor German grapes make up the remainder. |
Riesling; Muller-Thurgau; Pinot Noir (Spatburgunder) |
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In order to balance chaptalized wine, what is added after fermentation? |
Unfermented grape juice (Sussreserve) |
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Sweetness levels are produced in the _____, by selectively allowing the grapes increasingly long hang-times, and berry selections. |
Vineyard |
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German wine Classification |
1) Deutscher Tafelwein (German table wine) 2) Deutscher Landwein (German country wine) 3) Qualitatswein Bestimmter Anbaugetbiete (QbA) (wines from a defined Appellation) 4) Pradikatswein (wines made from higher ripeness) |
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What makes German Riesling so special? |
*distinctive for its elegance *firm acidity complexity *longevity *versatility with food *Crisp apple, ripe peach, mineral rich, or the honeyed tone of botrytis are variations on a theme: Riesling |
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AUSTRIA Like Germany and Alsace, the vineyards line the rivers in Austria. What is the main river? |
Danube |
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What is the miracle of Austria wineries? |
they are incredibly easy to visit |
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Austria facts |
*Mostly dry white wines made from Gruner Veltliner *Gruner Veltliner accounts for almost one third of Austria's vineyards *The country is also home to Riedel, makers of some of the most expensive (and best) wine glasses in the world *wine laws are modeled after the German system |
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8 designated DAC wine-growing regions of Austria |
1) Weinviertel DAC 2) Mittelburgenland DAC 3) Traisental DAC 4) Kremstal DAC 5) Kamptal DAC 6) Leithaberg DAC 7) Eisenberg DAC 8) Neusiedlersee DAC |
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Alsace Facts |
*Smallest wine region in France *Most politically conservative area in France, and acts more like Germany *half speak french; half speak German *Food is half french half German *Almost all Alsace wine is produced under one of the three AOC regions |
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Three AOC wine regions |
1) Alsace 2) Alsace Grand Cru 3) Crement d'Alsace |
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Unlike other French wine regions, there is no Vin de pays designation for Alsace. What happens to wines that do not qualify for AOC status? |
they have to be sold as simple Vin de table de France |
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What is to the West and East of Alsace? |
West: Vosges mountains and the rest of France East: The Rhine and Germany |
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Pinot Gris of Alsace was previously known as? |
Tokay d'Alsace or Tokay Pinot Gris |
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There is a legal requirement for bottling Alsace wine in tall bottles commonly referred to as? |
Flutes d'Alsace a.k.a. vin du Rhin (Rhine wine bottle) by the AOC rules |
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Also unique in France, the _____ is on the label in Alsace. |
Varietal |
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Along with Austria and Germany, Alsace produces some of the most noted dry ______ in the world as well as highly aromatic _____ wines. |
Rieslings; Gewurztraminer |
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Alsace White Wines |
*made from aromatic grape varieties *aromatic, floral, spicy *no oak barrel aroma--pure in character *mostly dry |
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Alsace region |
*predominantly western winds *Vosges mountains shelter Alsace from rain *rather dry and sunny |
