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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Alicante Bouschet
Synonyms for Alicante Bouschet? Plantings of Alicante Bouschet in World? Generated by Parent Cross? |
Alicante Henri Bouschet (France)
Henri Bouschet (South Africa) Grenache × Petit Bouschet Portugal 54% United States 39% Italy 5% Total 1,229 |
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The Barbera grape
Synonyms for Barbera Plantings of Barbera in World |
Perricone (Sardinia, Italy)
Italy 84% Central Valley 11% Argentina 3% |
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The taste of Barbera
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________is low in tannins, high in acidity, and lacks pronounced aromas. The wines have medium color, and have red fruit character, most typically cherries, sometimes with tarry or medicinal overtones and distinct acidity on the finish. Recent years have seen a transition in Piedmont from the traditionally austere style to a more modern style.
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Barbera Summary
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Color Black
Region Italy Ripening late WineColor Medium Tannin Low Acidity High Alcohol High Body Medium Aromas Cherries, can be plummy and spicy Qualities Styles vary greatly from light, fresh, fruity to powerful, intense w/ need of cellaring |
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Bonarda.
Synonyms for Bonarda |
Charbono (California)
Croatina (Italy) Further Synonyms Douce Noire Corbeau Noire Charbonneau |
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Plantings of Bonarda in World
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Argentina 75%
Italy 24% |
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Synonyms for Cabernet Franc
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Acharria (Irouleguy, France)
Acheria (Irouleguy, France) Bordo (NE Italy) Bouchet (Bordeaux, France) Bouchy (Bordeaux, France) Breton (Loire, France) Gros Bouchet (Bordeaux, France) Gros Cabernet (Marocco) |
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Cabernet Franc Summary
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Color Black
Region Italy, CA, NY, Wash Ripening earlier Yield high WineColor Light/medium ruby red Tannin Medium Acidity High Alcohol Medium Body Medium Aromas Leafy, tobacco; raspberry Qualities Pencil shavings, herbaceous, earthy style of wine French_Clones 26 Top wine Château Cheval Blanc |
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Plantings of Cabernet Franc in World
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France 78%
Italy 13% United States 3% South Africa 2% Australia 1% |
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Synonyms for Cabernet Sauvignon
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Bidure (France)
Bouchet (Australia) Carbouet (France) Marchoupet (France) |
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Cabernet Sauvignon Summary
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Color Black
Region Medoc, California Soil Gravel Skin Thick Berry Small Diseases Powdery mildew Budding Late Ripening Late Yield Low WineColor Dark blue/black Tannin High Acidity Moderate Alcohol High Body Full Aromas Blackcurrant Qualities Cedar, blackcurrants, violets, green pepper French_Clones 20 Top wine Château Latour |
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Plantings of Cabernet Sauvignon in World
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France 27%
United States 13% Australia 12% Chile 9% Bulgaria 7% Argentina 7% South Africa 6% Romania 5% Italy 3% Moldova 3% Spain 2 |
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Synonyms for Carignan
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Black Portugal (Australia)
Carignane (California) Carinena (Spain) Cariñena (Spain) Catalan (France) Gragnano (Italy) Kerrigan (California) Mazuela (Spain) Mazuelo (Spain) Mollard (France) Samsó (France) |
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Carignan Summary
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Color Black
Region Southern France Diseases Powdery & downy mildew, rot, grape worms Ripening Late Yield Very High WineColor Dark Tannin High Acidity High Alcohol High Aromas Flat, can be sour Qualities Lacks flavor and charm French_Clones 25 |
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Plantings of Carignan in World
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France 86%
Spain 9% United States 2% Italy 1% |
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Carignan History
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Carignan was at one time the major black grape grown in France, but the area was reduced by about half between 1979 and 2000, leaving it now just behind Merlot and Grenache. It is still a major variety (60% of plantings) in the South of France. It can be extremely productive, with yields up to 200 hl/ha, and is thick-skinned, rich in color and high in tannins and acidity. Carbonic maceration is often used to bring out fruit and to counteract astringency and lack of aroma. A contrary view is that it is well suited to the region because it resists drought and heat, and withstands the fierce winds (especially when trained as a bush
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The Carmenère grape
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Carmenère was best known for its use in Médoc wines, where it was considered equivalent to Cabernet Sauvignon, but disappeared from Bordeaux after the phylloxera epidemic in the late nineteenth century, because it did not graft well (the yield of grapes was erratic) and it ripens very late. The grape is also known for problems with coulure and oidium.
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Synonyms for Carmenère
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Cabernelle (France)
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Carmenère Summary
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Color Black
Region Chile ,France Diseases coulure WineColor Deep red Acidity Low Body full Aromas Herbaceous to black fruits Qualities Rich, soft textured wines with high color French_Clones 1 |
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Plantings of Carmenère
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It has recently been discovered that many vines in Chile that had been thought to be Merlot are really Carmenère (descended from cuttings that were taken from France). The two varieties are not obvious to distinguish, and older vineyards have them intermingled. This causes problems with harvesting, because Carmenère ripens three weeks after Merlot.
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Plantings of Carmenère in World
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Chile 98%
Italy 1% France 1% |
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Cinsault History
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Cinsault is a relatively low quality grape grown in Southern France. It is mostly used for blending with other, stronger varieties. Its contribution to the wine is supple and light, generally appropriate for immediately drinking, nouveau style wines, and roses. It is generally considered to be a poor varietal whose content should be reduced and current policy is to eliminate plantings when possible. It is mostly grown in the Southern Rhône and Languedoc-Roussillon. It still constitutes ~20% of plantings in the South of France.
Pinot Noir × Cinsault gave Pinotage |
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Synonyms for Cinsault
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Black Prince (Australia)
Blue Imperial (Australia) Boudalès (Roussillon, France) Hermitage (South Africa) Morterille noir (Garonne, France) Oeillade (Australia) Ottavianello (South Italy) Ottavianello (Apuglia, Italy) Picardan (Noir) (Southern Rhone, Framce) Plant d'Arles (Bouches du Rhone, France) Senso (Greece) Ulliade (Australia) |
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Cinsault Summary
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Color Black
Region Southern Rhône, S Africa Ripening earlier Yield high WineColor Medium ruby Tannin low Alcohol moderate Body medium Aromas Aromatic Qualities Soft fruits |
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Plantings of Cinsault in World
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Plantings of Cinsault in World
Region Cinsault hectares % of region % all Cinsault in World France 88% South Africa 10% |
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Corvina History
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Corvina is widely grown in the Veneto, largely in the DOCs of Valpolicella and Bardolina to the North and North-East of Verona. The dominant grape in these DOCs, it is usually blended with Rondinella, Molinara and Negara. The wines range in style from a light, cherry dry red to the intense Amarone of Valpolicella Classico and the rich dessert wine made in the Recioto style. Corvina naturally gives high yields, and quality depends on reducing yields. It can be difficult to cultivate, because it ripens late and is prone to rot if there is rain at harvest time.
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Synonyms for Corvina
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Corvina Gentile (Veneto, Italy)
Corvina Veronese (Veneto, Italy) |
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Corvina Summary
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Color Black
Region Veneto Skin Thick WineColor Light Tannin Low Acidity High Aromas Floral, cherries |
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Plantings of Corvina in World
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Italy 100%
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Counoise
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Counoise is one of the 13 permitted varietals in Châteauneuf du Pape. It tends to be peppery and spicy with good acidity. It gives low yields and ripens late. It may be identical with the varietal Aubun. It is not considered to be a high quality grape.
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Synonyms for Counoise
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Aubin (Marocco)
Aubun (France) |
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Plantings of Counoise in World
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France 100%
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Dolcetto History
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Dolcetto is the workhouse grape of Piedmont, and is most typically found in varietal-named wines. Some DOCs are Dogliani, Alba, and Asti. Dolcetto tends to make straightforward fruity wine for early drinking, but can (although rarely) give more intense and longer-lived wine. It grows best on white marl-containing soils, and often ripens up to four weeks earlier than Nebbiolo. It grows vigorously and develops ripe flavors quite early. The main difficulty in vinification is the need for rapid fermentation to avoid too much bitterness resulting from extraction of tannins.
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Synonyms for Dolcetto
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Nera Dolce (Piedmont, Italy)
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Dolcetto Summary
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Dolcetto Summary
Color Black Region Italy WineColor Violet/ruby Tannin Light Acidity Medium/high Alcohol Medium Body Light Aromas Red and black cherries Qualities Ripe cherries on nose followed by bitter cherries on finish |
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Plantings of Dolcetto in World
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Italy 100%
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The taste of Dolcetto
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The wines are violet-ruby in color (due to high content of anthocyanins), fragrant and aromatic, moderate to high in acidity, fruits of black cherries, on the lighter side with a slightly bitter aftertaste (but not tannic).
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Overview of Gamay
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Gamay has been used to describe various varieties, but the principal one, grown in Beaujolais, is Gamay Noir. Its origins are subject to a considerable amount of misinformation. It has been claimed to be a clone of Pinot Noir, for which there is no evidence.
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Synonyms for Gamay
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Synonyms for Gamay
Bourguignon (France) Gamay Beaujolais (Beaujolais, France) Gamay Noir (Beaujolais, France) Grosse dôle (France) Liverdin (France) |
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Gamay Summary
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Gamay Summary
Color Black Region Beaujolais Skin thin Budding early Ripening earlier Yield high WineColor Light cherry red Tannin Low Acidity High Alcohol Low Body Light/medium Aromas Raspberries and red cherries; bananas and pear drop from carbonic maceration Qualities Style depends on vinification, esters show from carbonic, red fruits from conventional, but drink young anyway French_Clones 33 Top wine Moulin à Vent |
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Plantings of Gamay in World
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France 81%
Italy 14% Switzerland 4% |
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Varietals in Beaujolais
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The only grape variety authorized for red wines is Gamay, a rather prolific, thin-skinned grape that ripens early. Yields are relatively high but local opinion is that the quality of wine from Gamay is not improved by restricting yield, although it is better with old vines. Pinot Noir is no longer planted in Beaujolais. The small quantity of white Beaujolais produced is made from the Chardonnay variety (although Aligoté is permitted) and represents 1% of total production (mostly in the extreme North of the region, close to Mâcon).
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Grenache overview
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Grenache is one of the three most widely planted black varieties in the world (total acreage is similar to Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot). However, its distribution is very largely European; in fact it is the most planted black variety in Europe, largely due to extensive plantings in Spain where it is called Garnacha, and is the most widely planted black grape.
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Synonyms for Grenache
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Alicante (Sicily)
Aragón (Spain) Bois jaune (France) Cannonao (Italy) Cannonau (Sardinia, France) Garnacha (Spain) Garnacha Tinta (Spain) Garnacha Tinto (Spain) Guarnaccia (Campania, Italy) Lladoner (Spain) Lledoner Pelut (Roussillon, France) Navarra (Spain) Rooi Grenache (South Africa) Roussillon Tinto (Spain) Sans pareil (France) Tinto Aragonés (Spain) |
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Terroir for Grenache
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Grenache is usually blended, and often makes up the major component of Châteauneuf du Pape and Gigondas in the Rhône. Extreme cases are provided by one or two houses that make extremely intense 100% Grenache wines in Châteauneuf du Pape, most notably Rayas and Henri Bonneau. In Languedoc-Roussillon, inclusion of Grenache is considered to improve the quality of the wine and it is one of the approved "cépage ameliorateurs". In Spain, it is the basis for the revival of Priorat, it is common for it to be a minor component of Rioja (although it is less well regarded than Tempranillo), and it is used in Navarra, especially for rosé. In Sardinia, it is grown under the name Cannoneau. At one time it was a major variety in Australia but now has been mostly uprooted.
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Grenache Summary
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Color Black
Region France (South) Skin Thin Diseases Coulure, grey rot Budding Early Ripening Late Yield High WineColor Medium ruby Tannin Low Acidity Low Alcohol High Body Medium Aromas Jammy fruits Qualities Rich, warm, alcoholic, often blended; oxidizes easily, nutty finish French_Clones 21 Top wine Châteauneuf du Pape |
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Plantings of Grenache in World
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France 49%
Spain 47% United States 1% Australia 1% Italy 0% |
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The taste of Grenache
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The color of the wine is an intense garnet, developing into ruby red. Grenache made at low yields often shows sweet, concentrated, almost jammy, black fruits. The nose has blackcurrants and plums, and the fruits tend to have a roasted quality showing as nuts or coffee on the finish. The body is full, pulpy, warm and round; tannins are light. With some notable exceptions it does not tend to age very long.
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The taste of Grenache
in different areas |
Châteauneuf du Pape is often based on Grenache and shows many of the above qualities, but sometimes with a slight gamey edge to the nose.
Priorat can provide a pure expression of Grenache, medium to dark, a little aromatic on the nose, plums and blackcurrants on the palate, quite jammy, and a little nutty on the finish. Barossa is similar but with more intense aromatics on the nose and more exuberant, jammy fruits in the usual Australian style |
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Jurançon Noir
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Synonyms for Jurançon Noir
Gamay (Marocco) Gamay Noir Gamay Beaujolais Jurançon Noir is a black variety that can be included in the blend in Cahors. Some is also grown in Provence, where it is typically blended with Cinsault and Grenache. |
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The Malbec grape
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Malbec is a small, dark, thick-skinned grape that originated in South West France.
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Synonyms for Malbec
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Auxerrois (Cahors, France)
Grifforin (France) Gros Noir (France) Malbeck (Argentina) Médoc Noir (Bordeaux) Pressac (St. Emilion, France) Prolongeau (France) |
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Malbec Summary
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Malbec Summary
Color Black Region Argentina,France,Chile Soil Sandy Skin Thick Berry Small Diseases Coulure, downy rot WineColor Deep red/black Tannin Lush tannins Acidity Low Alcohol Medium Body Full Aromas Damsons and violets Qualities Rustic French_Clones 16 |
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The taste of Malbec
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In Argentina, color can be deep, fruits verging on aromatic and rather forceful, very lush but soft, but tannins dry the finish. Styles vary from light red fruits to black plums and spices. There can be a perfume of violets.
In the Loire, style is similar but less intense and less aromatic. In Cahors, acidity is higher, fruits are harder, and the tannins more obtrusive, tasting more like the savory and slightly herbaceous wines of Bordeaux and the South West. |
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Mencía
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Mencía is an indigenous grape grown principally in Castile-Leon. It is the main grape in the Bierzo DO, is important also in Valdeorras in Galicia, and is grown also in Zamora, Lugo and Orense. There are claims that it is related to Cabernet Franc, but no basis can be discovered for this. It is vinified in a variety of styles, from young and fruity to oak-aged, but the predominant style is light.
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Overview of Merlot
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Merlot is one of the classic grapes of Bordeaux and is grown worldwide with a similar distribution to Cabernet Sauvignon, with which it is often blended. It is the minor partner in the wines of the Médoc, and the major component (blended with Cabernet Franc rather than Cabernet Sauvignon) in the wines of St. Emilion and Pomerol. In the Bordeaux-like blends of New world wines, its usual partner is Cabernet Sauvignon. The most extensive plantings in the New World are in California. It is used relatively rarely to make a single varietal wine, and it is only an exceptional Merlot that ages well as a single varietal, although it ages well in the context of the Bordeaux blend.
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Merlot Summary
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Merlot Summary
Color Black Region Bordeaux, Italy, CA Skin Thin Berry Large Diseases Downy mildew, grey rot, (coulure) Budding Early Ripening Early Yield Medium WineColor Medium purple with black hues Tannin Medium Acidity Moderate Alcohol High Body Full Aromas Forward black fruits Qualities Plummy, fruitcake-like, generous French_Clones 13 Top wine Château Pétrus |
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Terroir for Merlot
climate |
Climate: Merlot buds, flowers, and ripens relatively early (up to two weeks earlier than Cabernet Sauvignon), exposing it to the risks of Spring frosts; difficulties with flowering (at coulure and millerandage) are quite common. Depending on ripeness, Merlot goes from green , vegetal (peppery), ripe (cherries, prunes, sous bois, humus, truffle—specific to Bordeaux), to over-ripe (figs, cooked prunes), and rancio with aging It goes from ripeness to overripeness rather quickly, making the time of picking important (in which it is more sensitive than Cabernet Sauvignon). It therefore does not like too much heat.
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Terroir for Merlot
Soil |
Soil: As a precocious variety, it does well on calcareous, argilocalcareous, or clay soils with good water reserves because the plant does not maintain a high water reserve, making clay and limestone good choices. It does not respond well to hydric stress, which results in over ripe grapes. The early ripening allows it to cope better with cold soils than does Cabernet Sauvignon, so it does well on the clay of the Right Bank (where Cabernet Sauvignon does not do so well, even though the overall climate is slightly warmer than the Left Bank). The proportion of clay in some Pomerol vineyards is up to 60% (notably at Château Pétrus).
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Synonyms for Merlot
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Merlo (Greece)
Vitraille (France) |
