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164 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Molecules retained int the blood vessels that control water movement in the body and guard blood volume by influencing the shift of water in and out of capillaries are
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Plasma Protiens
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Which food is the most importanct source of riboflaven
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Milk
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An example of a low- sodium food is
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Tomato paste
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Fat is transported in the bloodstream mostly in
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Lipoproteins
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A shared function of plasma protiens, glucose, electrolytes, and sodium is
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Balance of water between body compartments
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An example of monosaturated fat is
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Olive oil
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A person with an underactive thyroid would have
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a decreased energy need
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the hormone that causes the kidney to reabsorb water is
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anti diuretic hormone
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the trace element neede by the body for antibody production, carotene conversion to vitamin A, and Hemoglobin formation is
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Iron
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High potassium intake tends to
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Lower blood pressure
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A chronic deficiency of protein and energy
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marasmus
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an ion that possesses a negative charge is a(n)
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anion
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the hormone that controls the acidity and secretion of enzymes from the pancreas is
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secretin
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iron plays a role in
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hemoglobin synthesis
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triglycerides are composed of
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glycerol and fatty acids
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trans fat may be found in
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commercially prepared foods
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a food that is a good source of calcium is
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parmesean cheese
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the major site or organ in tyhe body for metabolic processing of carbs is the
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liver
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the vitamin most closely associated with protin metaboolism is
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pyrodoxine
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water requirements per day for and infant
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1000mL
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the increase in metabolic rate after a meal is called
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thermic effect of food
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the major electo.yte found guarding the water outside the cell is
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sodium
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the fluid surrounding the tissues outside the cells is called
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interstitial fluid
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when fats are hydrogenated they become
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more solid
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which food item has the highest energy value per unit of weight?
baked potato bacon toast 2% milk |
bacon
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the term hypertonic refers to what type of solution
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concentrated
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peptidases are enzymes that act on
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protein
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converting noncarbohydrate substances into glucose is called
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gluconeogenesis
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the digestion fo carbs begins in the______ with the enzyme_______
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mouth, amylase
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the type of vegetarian diet composed entirely of plant foods an no animal foods is called a(n)
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vegan diet
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an excess of cholesterol and dietary fat in the diet is associated as a specific risk for
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atheroschlerosis
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invisable fat may be found in
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cheese
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protein plays an important role int he body in
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body defense
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compared with the pH balance in the small intestine, the pH in the stomach is
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lower
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if nitrogen intake exceeds nitrogen excretion, the condition is
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potitive nitrogen balance
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the basic building blocks of fat are
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fatty acids
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the hormone that stimulates the pancreas to release its secretions is
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secretin
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the term amino refers to a compound containing
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nitrogen
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the major vehicles for the transport of fats in to bloodstream are
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lipoprotiens
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the action of biting, chewing, and breaking up ingested food into smaller particles is called
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mastication
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the enzyme in the intestine responsible for digestion of carbs are found specifically in the
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brush border
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an example of a trace element is
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iron
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an emuslifying agent that aids fat digestion and absorbtion is
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bile
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the mucosal lining of the intestine is protected from irritation and erosion by secretions of
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mucus
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wavelike contractions of the muscle fibers of the stomach and intestinal walls are called
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paristalsis
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the hormone responsible for the secretion of bile is
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cholecystokinin
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the disaccharide not commonly found in the diet but that is derived from the intermediate digestive breakdown of starch is
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maltose
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to meet the published dietary reference intakes, the grams of carbs for a 1600 kcal/day diet would be
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180-260
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fat molecules enter into the bloodstream through the
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lymph vessels
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thyroid-stimulating hormone controls the uptake of
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iodine
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energy stores in the body include
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glycogen
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a protein contains all indespensable amino acids in the correct porportion and ration is
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complete
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ways in which water and soutes move across membranes include
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diffusion and filtration
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a strict vegan may be most at risk for a ____ deficiency
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ZINK
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the greatest source of dietary zink is
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meat
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minerals required by the body in amounts of more than 100 mg/day are called
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major minerals
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for the elderly, food choices should reflect a decline in caloric density and a greater emphasis of
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increased nutrient density
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which person below has the highest energy needs per unit of body weight?
70yr woman in a nursing home 32yr pregnant woman 42 yr man working in an office 92 yr man living at home and gardens |
32 yr old pregnant woman
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one of the main functions of vitamin____ us to aid in blood clotting
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K
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the primary nutritional function of the large intestine is
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absorbtion of water
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the food whith the highest biologic value is
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eggs
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an essential fatty acid is one that
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the body cannot manufacture of itself
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the sum of body processes involved in converting food into energy is called
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metabolism
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complex carbs composed of many single sugar units are
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polysaccharides
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the building blocks for all carbohydrates are
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amino acids
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which vitamin does the heart muscle depend on for energy and to keep it strong
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thiamin
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the acid- base buffer system is mainly controlled by the
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lungs and kidneys
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an example of a high fiber meals is
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bean chili
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the kidneys "launder" the blood by
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filtration
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the starch-splitting enzyme in the mouth is called
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amylase
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the most potent fat-soluble antioxidant is
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alpha tocopherol
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a food source of cholesterol would be
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liver
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saturated fatty acids are
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solid at room temp
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the body's state of relative dynamic equillibrium within the body's internal envirornment is called
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homeostasis
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noncaloric essential nutrients necessary in very small amounts for specific metabolic control and disease prevention are called
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vitamins
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a mineral that occurs mostly in the intracellular fluid is
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potassium
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an ion that possess a negative charge is
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anion
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vitamins regulate body metabolism by working as
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specific catalysts
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the basic single sugar in the body metaboolism is
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glucose
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protein is composed of building units called
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amino acids
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sucrose is composed of
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glucose and fructose
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the basal metabolic rate for a man who is 165lbs is
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1800 kcal
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carbs play a major role in nutrition because they
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provide the major source of energy
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2 amino acids joined together are called a
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dipeptide
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the term hypertonic refers to what type of solution
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concentrated
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the amount of energy required by the body for maintenance of life whhen a person is at complete digestive, physical, and emotion rest is referred to as
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basal energy expenditure
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a adeficiency of vitamin a may result in
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night blindness
(xeroxpthalmia) |
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in clinical practice, basal or resting energy expenditure is estimated by using
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indirect calorimetry
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a vitamin deficiency disease caused by a lack of vitamin c is called
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scurvy
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an essential fatty acid would be
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linoleic
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an athlete who increases his or her intake of pasta will also need to increase the need for
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thiamin
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the process that impels water molecules to move through the body is
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osmosis
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water leaves thge body mainly throught the
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kidneys
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the active vitamin d hormone is called
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calcitriol
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a significant source of vitmain A is found in
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spinach
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the nutrient intake guideline that sets the max nutrient intake that is unlikely to pose a risk of toxicity in healthy individuals is called
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tolerable upper intake level (UL)
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the primary function of protein in the body is
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tissue building
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a complex carb that is not digestibel yet is important to the body is
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dietary fiber
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if 1g of nitrogen is excreted in the urine for every 6.25g of protein consumed, the body is said to be in
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nitrogen balance
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energy density means the
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concentration of energy in a given amount of food
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humans lack an enzyme to break down
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fiber
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a good example of complementary proteins is
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beans and rice
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an important function of sodium is
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water balance
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the sum of all chemical changes that take place in the body is called
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metabolism
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the requirement for vitamin E varries with the amount of
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polyunsaturated fatty acids in the diet
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when energy expeniture exceeds energyy intake, the result is
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weight loss
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total energy requirement involves a contribution form resting metabolic rate, phyical activity, and
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thermic effect of food
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molecules retained in the blood vessels that control water movement in the body and guard blood volume by influencing the shift of water in and out of capillaries are
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plasma proteins
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best supplement source for calcium
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calcium citrate
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trace minerals/elements make up ____% of the body's inorganic materials
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less than 1%
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passive tranports
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osmosis and diffusion
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active transports
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filtration, pinocytosis
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acids have ______ H ions
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more
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bases have _____ H ions
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less
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how many amino acids make up a complete protein
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9
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DRI
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dietary reference intake
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RDA
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Recommended daily allowance
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fat related compound, synthesized in liver, linked with heart disease
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cholesterol
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organic substances of a fatty nature
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lipids
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simple carbohydrates
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glucose, fructose, galactose
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disaccharides
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sucrose, lactose, maltose
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polysaccharides
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starch, glycogen, dietary fiber
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building proteins up
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anabolism
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tearing proteins down
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catabolism
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antidiuretic hormone mechanism
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saves the water
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askosterone hormone
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saves the sodium
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movement of water passivley through a membrane
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osmosis
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ions with a positive charge
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cations
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ions with a negative charge
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anions
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functions of water in the body
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solvent,
transport, thermoregulation, lubricant |
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calcium deficiency disease
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osteoperosis
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tsh
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thyroid-stimulating hormone
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elements/minerals required by the body in amounts less than 100 mg/day
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trace minerals
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which of the following carbs foods provide energy the quickest
slice of bread oat bran muffin milk orange juice |
orange juice
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a quick available, but limited form of energy is stored in the liver by conversion of glucose to
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glycogen
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the current DRI's recommend______ of a person's to total daily calioric intake to come from carbs
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45-65%
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which of the following is not a monosaccharide
lactose glucose galactose fructose |
lactose
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the disaccharide sucrose is hydrolyzed to the monosaccharides glucose and
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fructose
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which type of fiber would be specificaly beneficial for someone with elevated blood cholesterol levels
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soluable
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2 types of fiber
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water soluble
insoluble |
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omega-6
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linoleic
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omega-3
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alpha linoleic
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adipose tissue
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fat in the body
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food guidline system
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MyPyramid
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the fuel form of fat found in food sources is
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triglycerides
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fats are composed of fatty acids with 2 or more unfilled spaces in thier structure are called
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polyunsaturated fats
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once absorbed into the enterocyte, monoglycerides and fatty acids reform triglycerides, which are then packeaged into a lipoprotein called____________ for absorbtion into the lymphatic structure
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chylomicrons
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Lacto-ovo-vegetarians
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eat eggs and dairy
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Lacto vegetarians
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eat dairy
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vegans
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eat only veggies, no animal products or biproducts
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9 of the 20 amino acids are indispensable, meaning...
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the body can not make them, and must obtain them from the diet
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a complete protein food of high biologic value contains
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all 9 of the indispensible amino acids
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a state of negative nitrogen balance may occur during periods of
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injury or surgery
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during digestion, the major muscle action that moves the food mass forward in regular rhythmic waves is called
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peristalsis
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mucus is an important GI secrtetion because it
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lubricates and protects the GI lining
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Pepsin is
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a gastric enzyme that acts on protein
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bile is an important secretion that is
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a fat-emuslifying agent
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the route of fat absorbtion is the ____ by way of the ____
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the lymphatic system by way of the villi
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in human nutrition, the kcal is used to
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measure energy input and output
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who has the highest energy need/unit of weight
32 yr mother 35 yr father 2 mo son 70 yr grandmother |
2 month old son
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an overactive thyroid causes
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increased energy need
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who uses the most energy
teen playing basketball woman walking uphill student studying for finals man driving a car |
teenager playing basketball
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which of these foods have the highest energy value/ unit of weight
bread meat potato butter |
butter
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a slice of bread contains 2g protein, 1g fat and 15 g carb in the form of starch. what is the kcal value?
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77 kcal
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