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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Heterophile+ infectious mononucleosis
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EBV invades B lymphocytes via CD21 receptors with atypical CD8 response, lymphocytosis and paracortex hyperplasia Fever, sore throat (gray-white membrane on tonsils) and tender lymphadenopathy
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Heterophile- infectious mononucleosis
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Cytomegalovirus
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Paul-Bunnell monospot test reaction
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IgM (heterophile) antibodies against EBV react with sheep red blood cells - postivie monospot test
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Characteristics of acute lymphadenopathy
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Tender focal lymphadenopathy = bacterial. Generalized tender lymphadenopathy = viral
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Characteristics of chronic lymphadenopathy
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Non-tender follicular hyperplasia (rheumathoid arthritis, toxoplasmosis, leukemia). Non-tender paracortical hyperplasia (viruses, drugs, SLE, leukemia).
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Leukemoid reaction Vs. leukemia
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Leukemoid reaction lacks blast and has elevated leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) (TB, whooping cough). Chronic myelogenous leukemia has low LAP.
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General signs and symptoms of leukemia
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Normo anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis or leukopenia, blast cells (>30%=acute), generalized non-tender lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, bone pain and fever
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Pre-B ALL
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Age < 15. Tdt+, CALLA+, cytoplasmic mu+
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Mature B ALL
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Age < 15. Surface Igs present
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B cell CLL
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Age > 60. 95% of CLL cases. Differentiated cells are CD19+, CD20+, CD23+, CALLA-
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T cell CLL
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Age > 60. Mature T cell markers and hypogammaglubulinemia. Lymphocytosis and neutropenia
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Adult T cell leukemia
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Caused by HTLV-1 retrovirus. Leukemia sypmtoms and signs wih lytic bone lessions and hypercalcemia (osteoclast activating factor)
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AML
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15-60 years. Myeloblast proliferation. Auer rods are pathognomonic of myeloblasts. T(15;17). Abnormal retinoic acid receptor. Rx.: retinoic acid
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CML
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15-60 years. Pluripotent cell proliferation. Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22). All cells increased with low LAP
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PRV
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Increased erythroid precursors, hematocrit and viscocity. Decreased EPO. Normal SaO2. Increased basophils with histamine release (pruritus, gastric ulcers), plethora and cyanosis.
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Follicular B-cell lymphoma
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MC lymphoma. B lymphocytes. t(14;18), Chr 14 has immunoglobulin heavy chain genes, chr 18 has bcl-2 gene (normally inhibits apoptosis).
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Burkitt's lymphoma
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MC lymphoma in children. Starry-sky. t(8;14). African affects mandible, american affects abdomen
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Mycosis fungoides
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CD4 T-cells. Generalized prutitic erythematous rash. PAS+
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Histiocytosis X
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In children. Histiocytes are CD1+
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Hodgkin lymphoma
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Reed-Sternberg cells are CD15+, CD30+. Fever, night sweats, weight loss, localized lymphadenopathy
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Multiple myeloma
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Neoplasm of plasma cells. Anemia, bone pain, pathologic fractures, hypercalcemia, renal failure, light-chain amyloids (Bence-Jones protein).
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t(15;17)
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AML translocation
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t(9;22)
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CML philadelphia chromosome translocation. Forms a protein with tyrosine kinase activity
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t(14;18)
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Follicular B-cell lymphoma translocation
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t(8;14)
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Burkitt's lymphoma translocation
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