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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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direct acting agents that mimic NE
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sympathomimetic agents
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adrenergic agents that have "indirect effect" work at the ________
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nerve terminal
(enhance / inhibit NE release) |
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alpha-1 stimulating sympathmimetic amines
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phenylephrine
methoxamine |
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alpha-2 stimulating sympathmimetic amines
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clonidine
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beta-1 stimulating sympathmimetic amines
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dobutamine
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beta-2 stimulating sympathmimetic amines
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terbutaline
albuterol |
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primary use of phenylephrine
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vasoconstrictor (nasal inhaler)
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phenylephrine is used to treat hypotensive states like __________
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shock or spinal anesthesia
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phenylephrine is used as a nasal decongestant to treat _____________
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rhinitis medicamentosa or rebound
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phenylephrine's effect on the eye
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mydriasis
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phenylephrine is not a substrate for __________
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COMT
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clonidine is a alpha-2 adrenergic _____
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agonist
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clonidine is a direct vaso-_________
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constrictor
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clonidine's effect on BP
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decreases
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when removing clonidine therapy, why ween the pt slowly
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rebound HTN
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methoxamine is a alpha-______ agonist
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alpha-1
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methoxamine's effect on beta adrenorecptors?
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none
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primary use of methoxamine
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vasoconstrictor
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methoxamine is metabolized by
a- COMT b- MAO |
neither
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Dobutamine is a ______ adrenergic agonist
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beta-1
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Dobutamine stimulates which adrenoreceptors
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beta-1
beta-2 alpha |
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dobutamine's effect on CO
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increases
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Blood vessel effect of dobutamine
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vasodilator
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terbutaline and albuterol are selective ______ agonists
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beta-2
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primary use of terbutaline and albuterol
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broncodilator
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terbutaline and albuterol may inhiibit ____ cell secretion
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mast
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metabolization of terbutaline and albuterol
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not COMT or MAO (long acting)
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how are side effects limited with terbutaline and albuterol
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inhalation
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amphetamine enhances _____ release
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NE
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makes for an effective Diet pill
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amphetamine
(dependency and tolerance) |
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Is amphetamine direct or indirect acting?
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indirect
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mixed acting adrenergic agonists
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ephedrine and metraminol
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Ephedrine indirect effect and direct effect
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indirect - induces NE release
dir - stims alpha and beta adrenoceptors |
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Herbal Ephedrine
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Ma Huang
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Ephedrine + ____ = diet pill
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with caffeine
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ephedrine causes ______ incontinence
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urinary
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bronchodilator replacing ephedrine
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beta-2 agonists
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Direct and indirect effects of metraminol
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dir: stims alpha-1 adrenoceptors (weak beta effects like phenylephrine)
indirect: replaces NE in storage granules ("false neurotransmitter") |
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metaraminola treats _______ states
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hypotensive states
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drug that causes covalent, irreversible blockade requiring days to recover
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phenoxybenzamine
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primary use for phenoxybenzamine
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pheochromocytoma
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phenoxybenzamine causes urinary __________
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obstruction (BPH)
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phenoxybenzamine causes autonomic ______-reflexia
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hyper
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side effects of phenoxybenzamine
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orthostatic hypotension
nasal congestion ejaculatory dysfunction |
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phenoxybenzamine is a ______ adrenergic antagonist
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alpha
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phentolamine is a ______ adrenergic antagonist
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alpha
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primary use of phentolamine
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pheochromocytoma
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phentolamine is not a good general antihypertensive b/c ______
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reflex tachycardia (alpha-2 block)
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phentolamine causes _______ dysfunction
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erectile
(but it makes more sense that it would be ejaculatory dysfunction) |
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side effects of phentolamine
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orthostatic hypotension
reflex cardiac stimulation nasal congestion |
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prazosin is a selective ______ antagonist
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alpha-1
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primary use of prazosin
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antihypertensive
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prazosin has little or no _______ blockade
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alpha-2
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prazosin improves urinary flow in _______ (condition)
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BPH
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why give prazosin at bed time?
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first does phenomenon of syncope
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propranonolol blocks both ________ adrenoreceptors
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beta 1 and 2
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primary uses of propranolol
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antihypertensive
ischemic heart disease (little effect on normal heart or BP at rest) |
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why not use propranolol on pts with asthma or COPD
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can lead to bronchoconstriction
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why not use propranolol on pts with DM
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masks onset symptoms of hypoglycemia (increase HR and BP)
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propranolol has a membrane ________ effect
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stabilizing
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propranolol treats _____-thyroidism
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hyper
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eye problem treated with propranolol
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glaucoma
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metoprolol is a selective ______ blocker
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beta-1
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primary uses of metoprolol
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antiHTN
IHD (little effect on normal heart or BP at rest ) |
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metoprolol: good for lung dx pts?
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less tendency for bronchoconstriction
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guanethidine causes catecholamine depletion by ________
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replacing NE in storage vesicles (MAO) and interferes with vesicle release
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guanethidine is a VERY powerful anti_________
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HTN
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side effects of guanethidine
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orthostatic hypotension
GI/diarrhea male sexual disturbances bad with MAOI |
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snakeroot
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reserpine
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how does reserpine cause catecholamine depletion
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inhibs amine uptake into vesicles
irreversible inhibs DO uptake as well BLOCKS NE STORAGE and SYNTHESIS |
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Side effects of reserpine
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depression, sedation, suicide
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methyl tyrosine inhibits ________ enzyme
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tyrosine hydroxylase
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side effects of methyl tyrosine
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sympathetic depression
sedation, anxiety |
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alpha-methyldopa is a "false ______"
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transmitter
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preferred to treat HTN in pregnancy
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alpha-methlydopa
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