Where, Why, And What

Front 1

Ventral

Back 1

Refers to the belly or underside of a body or body part

Front 2

Dorsal

Back 2

Refers to the back

Front 3

Cranial

Back 3

toward the head

Front 4

Caudal

Back 4

Toward the tail

Front 5

Anterior

Back 5

front of the body

Front 6

Posterior

Back 6

rear of the body

Front 7

Rostral

Back 7

nose end of the head

Front 8

Cephlalic

Back 8

pertaining to the head

Front 9

Medial

Back 9

Toward the midline

Front 10

Lateral

Back 10

away from the midline

Front 11

Superior

Back 11

uppermost, above, or toward the head

Front 12

Inferior

Back 12

Lowermost, below, or toward the tail

Front 13

Proximal

Back 13

nearest the midline or nearest to the beginning of a structure

Front 14

Distal

Back 14

farthest from the midline or farthest from the beginning of a structure

Front 15

Superficial

Back 15

near the surface

External

Front 16

Deep

Back 16

Away from the surface

Interal

Front 17

Palmar

Back 17

the caudal surface of the manus (front paw)

Front 18

Plantar

Back 18

the caudal surface of the pes (rear paw)

Front 19

Midsagittal plane

Back 19

divides the body into equal left and right halves

median

Front 20

Sagittal plane

Back 20

divides the body into unequal left and right parts

Front 21

Dorsal plane

Back 21

divides the body into dorsal and ventral parts

frontal coronal

Front 22

Transverse plane

Back 22

divides the body into cranial and caudal parts

horizontal plane

cross-sectional plane

Front 23

-logy

Back 23

study of

Front 24

Anatomy

Back 24

the study of body structure

Front 25

Physiology

Back 25

the study of the body functions

Front 26

Pathology

Back 26

the study of disease causes

Front 27

Pathophysiology

Back 27

the study of changes in function caused by disease

Front 28

Etiology

Back 28

The study of the nature, causes, and development or abnormal conditions

Front 29

Arcade

Back 29

how teeth are arranged in the mouth

Front 30

Lingual Surface

Back 30

the aspect of the tooth that faces the tongue

Front 31

Palatal Surface

Back 31

tooth surface of the maxilla that faces the tongue

Front 32

Buccal surface

Back 32

Aspect of the tooth that faces the cheek

Vestibular surface

Front 33

Occlusal surface

Back 33

the aspects of the teeth that meet when you chew

Front 34

labial surface

Back 34

the tooth surface facing the lips

Front 35

Contact surfaces

Back 35

the aspects of tooth that touch other teeth

Front 36

Cavity

Back 36

a hole or hollow space in the body that contains and protects internal organs

Front 37

Cranial cavity

Back 37

contains the brain in the skull

Front 38

Spinal cavity

Back 38

contains the spinal cord within the spinal column

Front 39

Thoracic Cavity

Back 39

contains the heart and lungs within the ribs between the neck and diaphragm

Front 40

Abdominal cavity

Back 40

contains major organs of digestion located between the diaphragm and pelvic cavity

Front 41

Peritoneal cavity

Back 41

within the abdominal cavity between hollow space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum

Front 42

Pelvic cavity

Back 42

the hollow space that contains the reproductive and some excretory systems organs bounded by the pelvic bones

Front 43

Membranes

Back 43

thin layers of tissue that cover a surface, line a cavity, or divide a space or an organ

Front 44

peritoneum

Back 44

the membrane lining the walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities and it covers some organs

Front 45

Parietal peritoneum

Back 45

the outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities

Front 46

Visceral peritoneum

Back 46

the inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the abdominal organs

Front 47

Umbilicus

Back 47

the pit in the abdominal wall marking the point where the umbilical cord entered the fetus

Front 48

Mesentery

Back 48

the layer of the peritoneum that suspends parts of the intestine in the abdominal cavity

Front 49

Recumbent

Back 49

lying down

Front 50

Dorsal recumbency

Back 50

Lying on the back

Front 51

Ventral recumbency

Back 51

laying on the belly

Sternal recumbency

Front 52

Left lateral recumbency

Back 52

lying on the left side

Front 53

Right lateral recumbency

Back 53

Lying on the right side

Front 54

Prone

Back 54

lying in the ventral recumbency

Front 55

Supine

Back 55

lying in dorsal recumbency

Front 56

Adduction

Back 56

movement toward the mindline

Front 57

Abduction

Back 57

Movement away from the midline

Front 58

Flexion

Back 58

closure of a joint angle or reduction of the angle between two bones

Front 59

Extension

Back 59

straightening of a joint or an increase in the angle between two bones

Front 60

Hyperflexion

Back 60

when a joint is flexed too far

Front 61

Hyperextension

Back 61

When a joint is extended too far

Front 62

Supination

Back 62

the act of rotating the limb or body part so the palmar surface is turned up ward

Front 63

Pronation

Back 63

The act of rotating the limb or body part so that the palmar surface is turned downward

Front 64

Rotation

Back 64

circular movement around an axis

Front 65

Cyt/o

Back 65

Cell

Front 66

Cytology

Back 66

Study of cells

Front 67

Protoplasm

Back 67

The cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus collectively

Front 68

Cell membrane

Back 68

The structure lining the cell that protects the cell's contents and regulates what goes in and out of the cell

Front 69

Cytoplasm

Back 69

The gelatinous material located in the cell membrane

Front 70

Nucleus

Back 70

The structure in a cell that contains nucleoplasm, chromosomes, and the surrounding membrane

Front 71

Nucleoplasm

Back 71

the material in the nucleus

Front 72

Chromosomes

Back 72

the structures in the nucleus composed of DNA

Front 73

Genetic Disorder

Back 73

Any inherited disease or condition caused by defective genes

Front 74

Congenital

Back 74

Something that is present at birth

Front 75

Anomaly

Back 75

deviation from what is regarded as normal

Front 76

Tissue

Back 76

A group of specialized cells that is similar in structure and function

Front 77

Histology

Back 77

The study of the structure, composition, and function of tissue

Front 78

Hist/o

Back 78

Tissue

Front 79

Epithelial tissue

Epithelium

Back 79

Covers internal and external body surfaces and is made up of tightly packed cells in a variety of arrangements

Front 80

Endothelium

Back 80

Cellular covering that forms the lining of the internal organs, including the blood vessels

Front 81

Mesothelium

Back 81

the cellular covering that forms the lining of serous membranes

Front 82

Connective tissue

Back 82

Adds support and structure to the body by holding the organs in place and binding body parts together

Bone, Cartilage, Dense and loose connective tissue, and blood

Front 83

Adipose

Back 83

Fat tissue

Front 84

Muscle tissue

Back 84

contains cell material with the specialized ability to contract and relax

Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac

Front 85

Nervous tissue

Back 85

contains cell material with the specialized ability to react to stimuli and conduct electrical impulses

Front 86

-plasia

Back 86

formation, development, and growth of tissue and cell numbers

Front 87

-trophy

Back 87

formation, development, and increase in the size of tissue and cells

Front 88

Anaplasia

Back 88

change in the structure of cells and their orientation to each other

Front 89

Aplasia

Back 89

lack of development of an organ or a tissue or a cell

Front 90

Dysplasia

Back 90

abnormal growth or development of an organ or a tissue or a cell

Front 91

Hyperplasia

Back 91

an abnormal increase in the number of normal cells in normal arrangement in an organ or a tissue or a cell

Front 92

Hypoplasia

Back 92

incomplete or less than normal development of an organ or a tissue or a cell

Front 93

Neoplasia

Back 93

any abnormal new growth of tissue in which multiplication of cells is uncontrolled, more rapid than normal, and progressive

Front 94

Tumor

Back 94

a distinct mass of tissue

Front 95

Benign

Back 95

not recurring

Front 96

Malignant

Back 96

tending to spread and be life threatening

Front 97

-oma

Back 97

tumor or neoplasm

Front 98

Atrophy

Back 98

decrease in size or incomplete wasting of an organ or tissue or cell

Front 99

Dystrophy

Back 99

defective growth in the size of an organ or tissue or cell

Front 100

Glands

Back 100

groups of specialized cells that secrete material used elsewhere in the body

Front 101

Aden/o

Back 101

gland

Front 102

Exocrine

Back 102

groups of cells that secrete their chemical substances into ducts that lead out of the body or to another organ

Front 103

Endocrine

Back 103

groups of cells that secrete their chemical substances directly into the bloodstream

Front 104

Organ

Back 104

a part of the body that performs a special function(s)

Front 105

Bicornuate uterus

Back 105

uterus with two horns

Front 106

Unilateral

Back 106

pertaining to one side

Front 107

Bilateral

Back 107

pertaining to both sides

Front 108

oste/o

oss/e

oss/i

Back 108

Bones

Front 109

arthr/o

Back 109

joints

Front 110

chondr/o

Back 110

cartilage

Front 111

my/o

Back 111

muscles

Front 112

fasc/i

fasci/o

Back 112

Fascia

Front 113

ten/o

tend/o

tendin/o

Back 113

Tendons

Front 114

Cardi/o

Back 114

heart

Front 115

arteri/o

Back 115

Arteries

Front 116

Ven/o

phleb/o

Back 116

Veins

Front 117

Hem/o

Hemat/o

Back 117

Blood

Front 118

lymph/o

Back 118

Lymph vessels, fluid, and nodes

Front 119

tonsill/o

Back 119

Tonsils

Front 120

Splen/o

Back 120

spleen

Front 121

nas/o

rhin/o

Back 121

nose or nares

Front 122

pharyng/o

Back 122

pharynx

Front 123

trache/o

Back 123

Trachea

Front 124

laryng/o

Back 124

larynx

Front 125

pneum/o

pneumon/o

Back 125

Lungs

Front 126

or/o

stomat/o

Back 126

mouth

Front 127

esophag/o

Back 127

esophagus

Front 128

gastr/o

Back 128

stomach

Front 129

enter/o

Back 129

small intestine

Front 130

col/o

colon/o

Back 130

large intestine

Front 131

hepat/o

Back 131

liver

Front 132

pancreat/o

Back 132

Pancreas

Front 133

Ren/o

Nephr/o

Back 133

kidneys

Front 134

ureter/o

Back 134

ureters

Front 135

cyst/o

Back 135

urinary bladder

Front 136

urethr/o

Back 136

urethra

Front 137

neur/o

neur/i

Back 137

neuron

Front 138

Encephal/o

Back 138

brain

Front 139

Spinal cord

Back 139

myel/o

Front 140

ophthalm/o

ocul/o

opt/o

opt/i

Back 140

eyes

Front 141

optic/o

Back 141

sight

Front 142

ot/o

aur/i

aur/o

audit/o

aud/i

Back 142

Ears

Front 143

acoust/o

acous/o

Back 143

sound/ external ear

Front 144

dermat/o

derm/o

cutane/o

Back 144

Skin

Front 145

adren/o

Back 145

adrenals

Front 146

gonads

Back 146

gonad/o

Front 147

pineal/o

Back 147

pineal

Front 148

pituit/o

Back 148

pituitary

Front 149

thyroid

Back 149

thyroid/o

thyr/o

Front 150

orch/o

orchi/o

orchid/o

testicul/o

Back 150

testes

Front 151

ovari/o

oophor/o

Back 151

ovaries

Front 152

hyster/o

metr/o

metr/i

metri/o

uter/o

Back 152

uterus

Front 153

Lateral means...

Back 153

Toward the side

Front 154

The sagittal plane divides the body into...

Back 154

left and right portions

Front 155

The paw is _____ to the shoulder

Back 155

distal

Front 156

The transverse plane divides the body into...

Back 156

Cranial and caudal portions

Front 157

The lining of the abdominal cavity and some of its organs is called the...

Back 157

peritoneum

Front 158

The study of structure, composition, and function of tissues is called...

Back 158

Histology

Front 159

The______ plane divides the body into dorsal and ventral portions.

Back 159

Dorsal

Front 160

The medical term for lying down is...

Back 160

Recumbent

Front 161

The medical term for increase in size of an organ, tissue, or cell is

Back 161

Hypertrophy

Front 162

The medical term for the caudal surface of the rear paw, hoof or foot is...

Back 162

Plantar

Front 163

The term for toward the midline is...

Back 163

Medial

Front 164

The term for nearest the midline or the beginning of a structure is...

Back 164

Proximal

Front 165

The term for away from the midline is...

Back 165

Lateral

Front 166

The term for farthest from the midline or beginning of a structure is...

Back 166

Distal

Front 167

The term that refers to the back is...

Back 167

Dorsal

Front 168

The term that means toward the tail...

Back 168

Caudal

Front 169

The term that means toward the head is...

Back 169

Cranial

Front 170

The term that refers to the belly or underside of a body is...

Back 170

Ventral

Front 171

Which type of tissue covers internal and external surfaces?

Back 171

Epithelial

Front 172

The term for a hole or hollow space in the body that contains and protects internal organs is...

Back 172

Cavity

Front 173

One

Back 173

mono-

uni-

Front 174

Two

Back 174

duo-

Front 175

Three

Back 175

tri-

Front 176

Four

Back 176

tetra-

quadri-

quadro-

Front 177

Five

Back 177

penta-

quinqu-

Front 178

Six

Back 178

sex-

Front 179

Seven

Back 179

hept-

Front 180

Eight

Back 180

octo-

Front 181

Nine

Back 181

nonus-

Front 182

Ten

Back 182

Deca-

Deka-