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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Iam vero cognovimus istas mentes duras ferrum pro pace offerre.
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Now we certainly know that those harsh minds offer the sword in exchange for peace.
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cognosco: to become acquainted with; in perf. tenses: to know
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Ne natae geminae discant verba tam acerba et tam dura.
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Let the twin daughters not learn words so harsh and so unfeeling.
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negative jussive subjunctive: ne + subj.
tam (ADV): so, so much (as); to such an extent/degree |
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Cum hi decem viri ex moenibus semel discessissent, alia occasio pacis numquam oblata est.
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Once these these ten men had left the city-walls, another opportunity for peace was never offered. (modified)
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cum circumstantial: cum + subj.
pluperf subj: perf stem + isse + endings - discess + isse + nt semel is adverbial form of one (from singular) offero, offerre, obtuli, oblatus: offer; present; cause; bestow; |
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Tantum auxilium nobis referet ut ne acerrimi quidem milites aut pugnare aut hic remanere possint.
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He will bring back so much help to us that not even the most eager soldiers can fight or stay here.
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referet = fut act ind, refero (refer + e + endings)
tantum = so much result clause: ut + subj, anticipated here by tantum (note "ne" is unusual here as negative result clauses (as opposed to neg. purpose clauses) usually use an alternative negative word such as non, nihil, nemo, numquam or nullus. |
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Rogabat cur ceterae tantam fidem apud nos praestarent et nobis tantam spem adferrent.
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He asked why the rest of the women showed so much fidelity in our presence and they brought such great hope to us.
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• indirect question: question word ("cur") + subj (in contrast to indirect statement which uses an infinitive).
• sequence of tenses: past + imp. subj (same time or after) |
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Cum patria nostra tanta beneficia offerat, tamen quidam se in insidias furtim conferunt et contra bonos mox pugnabunt.
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Though our fatherland offers such great kindnesses, nevertheless some secretly betake themselves into treachery and will soon fight against good men.
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cum adversative: cum + subj, tamen often appears in the main clause.
note: quidam = qui + packon (so it can be nom pl. masc.) se conferre: betake oneself, go (conference) |
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Denique audiamus quantae sint hae insidiae ac quot coniurati contra civitatem surgant.
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Let us hear at last how much treachery there is and how many conspirators rise against the state.
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• jussive subjunctive: audiamus
• indirect question (twice): question word + subj. (in contrast to indirect statement which takes an infinitive) |
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Haec scelera repente exposui ne alia et similia ferretis.
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I exposed these crimes suddenly so that you would not suffer other and similar ones.
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• neg purpose clause: ne + subj.
• historical sequence of tenses: past + imperf. subj (same time or after) |
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Responderunt plurima arma a militibus ad litus allata esse et in navibus condita esse.
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They answered that the (very) many weapons were carried to the shore by soldiers and put onto ships.
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• indirect statement: statement word + infinitive
• abl. of personal agent: ab + subj. • condo, condere, condidi, conditus: put (into), store, put together |
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Cum parentes essent vivi, felices erant; mortui quoque sunt beati.
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When their parents were alive, they were happy; dead, they are also happy.
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• cum circumstantial: cum + subj. (cum temporal takes indicative)
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Nescio utrum tres coniurati maneant an in exsilium contenderint.
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I do not know whether the three conspirators remain or rushed into exile.
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indirect question: question word + subj.
contenderint = perf. subj. (could also be fut perf indicative, but not with an indirect question); stretch, dispute, rush |
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Nos conferamus ad cenam, mei amici, bibamus multum vini, consumanus noctem, atque omnes curas nostras minuamus!
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Let us go to dinner, my friends, drink much wine, spend the night, and diminish our concerns.
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jussive subjunctive
se conferre = betake oneself, go (non-reflex= bring together, compare) |
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Cum comprehensi essent milites mox nobis obtulerunt pecuniam.
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Once the soldiers had been arrested, they soon offered us money.
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comprehendo, comprehendere, comprehendi, comprehensus:
catch/seize/grasp firmly; arrest; offero, offerre, obtuli, oblatus: offer; present; cause; bestow; cum circumstantial: cum + subj. |
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Cum vita ferat difficillima ea omnia feramus nosque ipsos dedicemus philosophiae.
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Although life brings very difficult things, let us endure them all and dedicate ourselves to philosophy.
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cum adversative: cum + subj.
jussive subj. |
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Cum scias quod feratur auxilium a sex amicis nostris, haec scelera cum animis possunt ferri.
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Since you know what help is being brought by our six friends, these evils can be endured with courage.
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• cum causal = cum + subj
• indirect question with quod + subj? |
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Cum non videre oculi eius solis lucem possent, tamen ille humilis plurima atque difficillima faciebat.
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Although his eyes could not see the light of the sun, nevertheless that humble man used to do very many and very difficult things.
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Potestne haec lux esse tibi iucunda, cum scias hos omnes consilia tua cognovisse? (Cicero)
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Can this light be pleasant to you, though you know that all these men are familiar with your plans?
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cum adversative: cum + subj (although I think it might be cum circumstantial, also: cum + subj.)
indirect statement: acc subj. + inf. (cognovisse = perf. act. inf.) |
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Themistocles, cum Graeciam servitute Persica liberavisset et propter invidiam in exsilium expulsus esset, ingratae patriae iniuriam non tulit quam ferre debuit. (Cicero)
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Themistocles, though he had freed Greece from Persian slavery and because of jealousy had been driven into exile, did not bear the injustice of his ungrateful fatherland that he should have borne. (edited)
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cum adversative: cum + subj.
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Quae cum ita sint, Catilina, confer te in exilium. (Cicero)
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Since these things are so, Catiline, betake yourself into exile.
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cum circumstantial (or maybe causal?): cum + subj.
se conferre = betake oneself |
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O navis, novi fluctus belli te in mare referent! O quid agis? Unde erit ullum perfugium? (Horace)
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O ship of state, the new waves of war will carry you back into the sea! O what are you doing? Whence will there be any shelter?
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Cum res publica immortalis esse debeat, doleo eam salutis egere ac in vita unius moralis consistere. (Cicero)
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Since the republic should be imperishable, I grieve that she lacks health and depends on one mortal’s life.
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cum causal/circumstantial: cum + subj.
indirect statement: acc. subject + inf. consistere: stand together; depend on |
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Cum illum hominem esse servum novisset, eum comprehendere non dubitavit. (Cicero)
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Since he knew that man was a slave, he did not hesitate to arrest him.
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cum circumstantial/causal: cum + subj.
indirect statement: acc. subject - verb in infinitive |
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Ille comprehensus, cum primo impudenter respondere coepisset, denique tamen nihil negavit. (Cicero)
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That arrested man, though at first he began to respond impudently, denied nothing at last, however.
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cum adversative: cum + subj (tamen is a clue)
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Milo dicitur per stadium venisse cum bovem umeris ferret. (Cicero)
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Milo is said to have come through the stadium when he carried an ox on his shoulders.
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indirect statement: acc subj (Milo) + inf. (venisse = perf. act. inf.)
cum circumstantial: cum + subj (might also be cum adversative) |
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Quid vesper et somnus ferant, incertum est. (Livy)
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What evening and sleep bring, it is uncertain.
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Indirect question: quid + subj.
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Ferte misero tantum auxilium quantum potes. (Terence)
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Bring as much help to that poor man as you can.
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imperatives of fero: fer (age), ferte (agite)
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Hoc unum scio: quod fata ferunt, id feremus aequo animo. (Terrence)
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I know this one thing: what the Fates bring, we shall bear it with a calm spirit.
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irregular fero: ferunt = pres. ind.; feremus = fut. ind.
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Legum denique idcirco omnes servi sumus, ut liberi esse possimus. (Cicero)
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Finally, for this reason we are all slaves of the laws, that we may be free.
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Hoc unum scio: quod fata ferunt, id feremus aequo animo. (Terrence)
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I know this one thing: what the Fates bring, we shall bear it with a calm spirit.
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Legum denique idcirco omnes servi sumus, ut liberi esse possimus. (Cicero)
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Finally, for this reason we are all slaves of the laws, that we may be free.
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