Wheelock Grammar, Chs 37 & 38

Front 1

Irregular verb: eo, ire, ii, itum (to go) - three notes: (i) the "i"; (ii) future system; (iii) perfect system

Back 1

(i) the "i" as derived from the present infinitive becomes e before vowels, e.g. eo, eunt, eam. (ii) the future of this fourth conj. has the tense sign and endings of a first or second conj. verb. (iii) the perfect system is formed regularly except that -ii before s usually contracts to i-, e.g. isti, isse.

Front 2

eo: pres. act. indic

Back 2

eo, is, it; imus, itis, eunt

Front 3

eo: impf. act. indic.

Back 3

ibam, ibas, ibat; ibamus, ibatis, ibant

Front 4

eo: fut. act. ind.

Back 4

ibo, ibis, ibit; ibimus, ibitis, ibunt

Front 5

eo: perf. act. ind.

Back 5

ii, isti, iit; iimus, istis, ierunt

Front 6

eo: plupf. act. ind.

Back 6

ieram, ieras, ierat; ieramus, ieratis, ierant

Front 7

eo: fut perf, act. ind.

Back 7

iero, ieris, ierit; ierimus, ieritis, ierint

Front 8

eo: pres. act. subj.

Back 8

eam, eas, eat; eamus, eatis, eant

Front 9

eo: impf. act. subj.

Back 9

irem, ires, iret; iremus, iretis, irent

Front 10

eo: perf. act. subj.

Back 10

ierim, ieris, ierit; ierimus, ieritis, ierint

Front 11

eo: plupf. act. subj.

Back 11

issem, isses, isset; issemus, issetis, issent

Front 12

eo: imperatives

Back 12

sing - i. pl - ite

Front 13

eo: (i) pres. participle, (ii) fut. participle, (iii) gerund

Back 13

(i) iens (euntis, eunti, etc.); (ii) iturus, -a, um; (iii) eundi

Front 14

eo: infinitives (active pres., fut., perf.)

Back 14

(i) pres - ire; (ii) fut - iturus esse; (iii) perf - isse

Front 15

Place where - with actual names of cities, towns, and small islands, as well as the three nouns domus, humus (ground), rus (country)

Back 15

"locative" without preposition (locative is (i) identical to genitive for the singular of first and second declension nouns; (ii) elswere the locative is usually identical to ablative).

Front 16

trans: Visus est Romae, Ephesi, Athenis, et Carthagine.

Back 16

He was seen at Rome, Ephesus, Athens, Carthage. [place where with actual names: locative + no prep]

Front 17

Place to which - with actual names of cities, towns, and small islands, as well as the three nouns domus, humus (ground), rus (country).

Back 17

accusative without preposition

Front 18

trans: Ibit Romam, Ephesum, Athenas, et Carthaginem.

Back 18

He will go to Rome, Ephesus, Athens, and Carthage. [Place to which - with actual names of cities, towns, and small islands, as well as the three nouns domus, humus (ground), rus (country): acc. no prep.]

Front 19

Place from which - with actual names of cities, towns, and small islands, as well as the three nouns domus, humus (ground), rus (country)

Back 19

ablative without preposition

Front 20

trans: Iit Roma, Epheso, Athenis, et Carthagine.

Back 20

He went from Rome, Ephesus, Athens, and Carthage.

Front 21

trans: domi, domum, domo

Back 21

at home (loc.); to home (acc.); from home (abl.)

Front 22

duration of time indicates how long a period of time the action occurs (not the time at or within which an action occurs). Grammatically indicated by ..

Back 22

accusative without prep.

Front 23

trans: Multos annos vixit.

Back 23

He lived (for) many years. [duration of time - acc. without prep.]

Front 24

relative clauses of characteristic ... (2)

Back 24

{short: (i) describes some general quality of an antecedent and (ii) has its verb in the subjunctive.} describes some general quality of an antecedent that is itself either general, indefinite, interrogative, or negative, and accordingly has its verb in the subjunctive; e.g. hic est discipulus qui Latinam amet, this is a student, or the sort of student who would love Latin.

Front 25

trans: Quis est qui huic credat.

Back 25

Who is there who trusts this man (who is of such a sort that he would trust this man)? [relative clause of characteristic]

Front 26

Dative of reference or interest ...

Back 26

the dative case is often used to indicate a person (or a thing) to whom some statement refers, or from whose perspective it is true, or to whom it is of special interest. Occasionally the function seems to be simply possessive, but the intended force is generally more emotional.

Front 27

trans: Si quis metuens vivet, liber mihi non erit umquam.

Back 27

If anyone lives in fear, he will not ever be free - as I see it (mihi) or to my way of thinking. [dative of reference or interest]

Front 28

trans: Caret tibi pectus inani ambitione?

Back 28

Is your breast free from vain ambition - are you sure (tibi)? [dative of reference or interest]

Front 29

The "supine" is a defective fourth declension verbal noun, formed on the same stem as the perfect passive participle; only the acc. and abl sing were common. The supine in -u (ablative) was used ...

Back 29

to specify an adjective and appears regularly in stock expressions, e.g. mirabile dictu (amazing to say, i.e. amazing with respect to saying); facile factu (easy to do, i.e. easy with respect to doing).

Front 30

The "supine" is a defective fourth declension verbal noun, formed on the same stem as the perfect passive participle; only the acc. and abl sing were common. The supine in -um (accusative) was used ...

Back 30

as a direct object of a verb of motion to show purpose: e.g. ibant Romam rogatum pecuniam, they were going to Rome to ask for money; persuasum amicis venerunt, they came to persuade [lit: to make sweet to] their friends

Front 31

supine (acc & abl sing.) of laudo, moneo, ago, audio, capio

Back 31

{ppp ending in -um, -u} laudatum, laudatu; monitum, monitu; actum, actu; auditum, auditu; captum, captu