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202 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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perfugium |
perfugiī refuge, shelter
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sōlācium |
sōlāciī comfort, relief 2nd Declension Neuter Noun |
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vulnus |
vulneris wound 3rd Declension Neuter Noun |
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excipiō |
excipere, excēpī, exceptum to take out, except; take, receive, capture |
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pellō |
pellere, pepulī, pulsum to strike, push; drive out, banish |
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expellō |
expellere, expulī, expulsum to drive out, expel, banish |
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quaerō |
quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītum to seek, look for, strive for; ask, inquire, inquire into
(quest, acquire, inquire, query, question) |
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rīdeō |
rīdēre, rīsī, rīsum to laugh, laugh at (ridicule, deride) |
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ut (+ subjunctive) |
that, so that, to, in order to, in order that |
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lingua |
linguae tongue; language 1st Declension Feminine Noun |
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ferōx, gen. ferōcis |
adjective fierce, savage |
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fidēlis, fidēle |
adjective faithful, loyal |
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geminus, gemina, geminum |
adjective twin |
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dehinc |
adverb then, next |
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āit |
defective verb āiunt he says, they say, assert |
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crēdō |
crēdere, crēdidī, crēditum to believe, trust |
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iaceō |
defective verb iacēre, iacuī to lie; lie prostrate; lie dead
DON'T CONFUSE WITH iaciō! |
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negō |
negāre, negāvī, negātum to deny, say that . . . not |
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nūntiō |
nūntiāre, nūntiāvī, nūntiātum to announce, report, relate
Cf. prōnūntiō, nūntius - messenger |
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patefaciō |
patefacere, patefēcī, patefactum to make open, open; disclose, expose
(Cf. patēre - to be open) |
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sapiēns, sapientis (gen.) |
When used as an adjective: wise, judicious
When used as a noun: a wise man, philosopher
3rd Declension |
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ultimus, ultima, ultimum |
adjective farthest, extreme; last, final |
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putō |
putāre, putāvī, putātum to reckon, suppose, judge, think, imagine (dispute, computer) |
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spērō |
spērāre, spērāvī, spērātum to hope for, hope (despair, prosper) |
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suscipiō |
suscipere, suscēpī, susceptum to undertake (susceptible) |
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cēna |
cēnae dinner 1st Declension Feminine Noun |
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forum |
forī marketplace, forum 2nd Declension Neuter Noun |
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lēx |
lēgis law, statute 3rd Declension Feminine Noun |
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līmen |
līminis threshold 3rd Declension Neuter Noun |
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lūx |
lūcis light 3rd Declension Feminine Noun |
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mēnsa |
mēnsae table; dining; dish, course 1st Declension Feminine Noun |
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mēnsa secunda |
dessert (1st Fem) |
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nox |
noctis night 3rd Declension i-stem Feminine Noun |
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somnus |
somnī sleep 2nd Declension Masculine |
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quīdam, quaedam, quoddam |
as a pronoun: a certain one or thing, someone, something
as an adjective: a certain, some |
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pudīcus, pudīca, pudīcum |
adjective modest, chaste |
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superbus, superba, superbum |
adjective arrogant, overbearing, haughty, proud |
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trīstis, trīste
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adjective sad, sorrowful; joyless, grim, severe |
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turpis, turpe
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adjective ugly; shameful, base, disgraceful |
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urbānus, urbāna, urbānum |
adjective of the city, urban; urbane, elegant |
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prae as a prefix... |
either means: in front of, before or as an intensifier: praeclārum - especially famous, remarkable |
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tantum |
adverb only |
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invītō |
invītāre, invītāvī, invītātum to entertain, invite, summon (invitation, vie) |
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clārus, clāra, clārum praeclārus, praeclāra, praeclārum |
adjective bright, famous especially famous, remarkable (precede, prepare) |
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credō |
crēdere, crēdidī, crēditum to believe; to lend, entrust to, confide in
Crēdō often uses dative case with persons believed in, but accusative case with things or concepts believed in. Accusative usage may be accompanied by a preposition: crēdimus in Deum = "we believe in God".
Perfect Active Infinitive is crēdidisse |
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sustulī |
to have destroyed
1st Person Perfect Active of tollō |
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tetigi |
to have touched
first-person singular perfect active indicative of tangō |
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mox |
soon (soon after something) |
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prīdiē |
the day before |
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Gerundive vs. Passive Periphrastic |
The Passive Periphrastic is the Gerundive + a form of sum. it means "about to xx..." to "must/should xxx" |
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Dative of Agent |
Instead of the ablative of agent, the DATIVE OF AGENT is used with the passive periphrastic. A literal translation of the passive periphrastic + dative of agent often sounds awkward, and so it is generally best to transform such clauses into active constructions:
Hic liber mihi cum cūrā legendus erit.
This book will have to be read by me with care. or (better) I will have to (ought to, must, should) read this book with care. |
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dēlectātiō |
dēlectātiōnis delight, pleasure, enjoyment 3rd Declensions Feminine Noun |
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nepōs |
nepōtis grandson, descendant 3rd Declension Masculine Noun (can also be feminine) |
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sōl |
sōlis sun 3rd Declension Masculine Noun |
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dīligēns |
adjective dīligentis diligent, careful |
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dissimilis |
adjective dissimile unlike, different |
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gracilis |
adjective gracile slender, thin |
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humilis |
adjective humile lowly, humble |
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maior, maius (the plural form can mean something else) |
comparative adjective greater; older;
(the plural form can mean ancestors/maiōrēs), |
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prīmus, prīma, prīmum |
adjective first, foremost, chief, principal |
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quot |
indecl., adj., how many, as many as (quotation, quotient) |
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similis |
adjective simile ( + gen. or dat.) similar (to), like resembling |
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superus, supera, superum (the plural form can mean something else) |
adjective above, upper
(plural can mean the gods) |
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ūtilis |
adjective ūtile useful, advantageous |
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ponō |
pōnere, posui, positum to put, place, set
(became English posit, to place a statement as declared) |
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probō |
probāre, probāvī, probātum to approve, recommend; test (probe, probate, probable) |
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āiō |
defective verb I say, I assert, I affirm |
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aīs |
defective verb you say, you assert, you affirm |
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aiunt |
defective verb they say, they assert, they affirm |
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Conjugate āiō in the imperfect tense. Also what is it's infinitive?
What can you tell me about the tenses of this verb? |
to say, to assent, to affirm
aiēbam aiēbās aiēbat aiēbāmus aiēbātis aiēbant
aere - infinitive
It is defective and only exists in the Present and Imperfect |
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Future 3rd Person Plural of to be able to |
poterunt |
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Imperfect 3rd Person Plural of to be able to |
poterant |
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quō What kind/case/number pronoun is it? |
ablative singular interrogative pronoun, every gender. |
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satiant |
3rd Person Plural Present Active Indicative satiō - to satisfy |
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habent |
3rd Person Plural Present Active Indicative habeō - to have |
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Infintives vs. Participles! Present Active Endings:
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Participle: present stem + -ns laudans
Infinitive: -ārī, -ērī, -ī, -īrī laudāre |
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Infintives vs. Participles! Perfect Active Endings:
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Participle: none!
Infinitive: perfect stem + isse laudāvisse
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Infintives vs. Participles! Future Active Endings: |
Participle: participle stem + -ūrus, ūra, -ūrum laudātūrus
Infinitive: future active participle + esse laudātūrus esse |
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Infintives vs. Participles! Present Passive Endings: |
Participle: none!
Infinitive: -ārī, -ērī, -ī, -īrī laudārī |
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Infintives vs. Participles! Perfect Passive Endings: |
Participle: participle stem + -us, -a, -um laudātus
Infinitive: perfect passive participle + esse laudātus esse |
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Infintives vs. Participles! Future Passive Endings: |
Participle: present stem + -ndus, -nda, -ndum laudandus
Infinitive: supine - ignore for now |
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INDIRECT STATEMENTS
Magic Formula
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3 parts. 1 balloon.
Suitable Main Verb (verbs of speech, mental activity, sense perception) + Accusative + Following Infinitive
balloon THAT balloon |
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ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE
Magic Formula
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2 parts. 3 balloons.
A Noun in the Ablative! + A Participle in the Ablative! + Sprinkle some magic words inside... = It's own little phrase!
balloon When... Since... Although... balloon |
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DATIVE OF AGENT
Magic Formula
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2 parts. 0 balloons :(
Passive Perphrastic Phrase! (gerundive + a form of sum) + A Dative Noun = You have your agent!
balloon balloon balloon balloon balloon balloon |
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iacis
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2nd Person Singular Present Active
iacio - I throw, hurl, cast, fling; throw away; lay, set found, construct, erect |
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iaciunt |
3rd Person Plural Present Active
iacio - I throw, hurl, cast, fling; throw away; lay, set found, construct, erect |
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iēcimus
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1st Person Perfect Active Plural
iacio - I throw, hurl, cast, fling; throw away; lay, set found, construct, erect |
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iaciēbar |
1st Person Present PAssive Singular
iacio - I throw, hurl, cast, fling; throw away; lay, set found, construct, erect |
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iacientur
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3rd Person Future Passive Plural (vs. untur, bantur)
iacio - I throw, hurl, cast, fling; throw away; lay, set found, construct, erect |
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iacētis |
2nd Person Plural Present Active
iaceo - I lie prostrate, lie down; recline; be sick, play dead |
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iacuī
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1st Person Singular Perfect Active
iaceo - I lie prostrate, lie down; recline; be sick, play dead |
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iacueritis |
2nd Person Plural Future Perfect
iaceo - I lie prostrate, lie down; recline; be sick, play dead |
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iacēbunt
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3rd Person Plural Future Active |
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āctūrae |
Dative Feminine Singular Participle of agō |
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What were the Future Perfect Endings again?!... |
1st Person-erō-erimus 2ns Person-eris-eritis 3rd Person-erit-erint |
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What were the Future Passive Endings for 1st and 2nd Conjugation Verbs again?!... |
1st Person-bor-bimur 2ns Person-beris-biminī 3rd Person-bitur-buntur |
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What were the Future Passive Endings for 3rd and 4th Conjugation Verbs again?!... |
1st Person-ar-ēmur 2ns Person-ēris-ēminī 3rd Person-ētur-entur |
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What gender are 5th Declension Nouns entirely (except for 1) |
feminine! (except for diēs - day) |
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4th Declension M, F, & N Nouns
Conjugate:
frūctus - fruit
cornū - horn |
Nominative Singular
frūctus, cornū
Genitive Singular
frūctūs, cornūs
Dative Singular
fructuī, cornū
Accusative Singular
fructum, cornū
Ablative Singular
frūctū, cornū
Vocative Singular
frūctūs, cornū
Nominative Plural
frūctūs, cornua
Genitive Plural
frūctuum, cornuum
Dative Plural
frūctibus, cornibus
Accusative Plural
frūctūs, cornua
Ablative Plural
frūctibus, cornibus
Vocative Plural
frūctūs, cornua |
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What are the Pluperfect Endings? What are the Future Perfect Endings? |
1st Person-eram-erāmus 2ns Person-erās-erātis 3rd Person-erat-erant
1st Person-erō-erimus 2ns Person-eris-eritis 3rd Person-erit-erint |
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Comparative and Superlative Adjectives What are the endings for each? |
Comparative is: base of the positive + -ior (M/F) -ius (N)
Superlative is: base of the positive + -issimus, -issima, -issimum
Comparative Example: fortior, fortius fortiōris fortiōris fortiōrī fortiōrī fortiōrem, fortius fortiōre fortiōre |
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quam with adjectives... 2 rules! |
1. When quam follows a comparative adjective, it means than:
Hī librī sunt clāriōrēs quam illī These books are more famous than those.
2. When quam precedes a superlative adjective, it means that the adjective is the absolute most!
Amīcus meus erat vir quam iūcundissimus. My friend was the pleasantest man possible.
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Ablative of Comparison |
When the comparative adjective was modifying a nominative or accusative, quam was often omitted and instead the the item modified by the adjective is in the ablative.
Cōnsilia tua sunt clāriōra lūce. Your plans are clearer than light. |
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magis |
added before some positive adjectives (instead of them having a comparative and superlative form) to make them comparative |
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maximē |
added before some positive adjectives (instead of them having a comparative and superlative form) to make them superlative |
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prō (+ abl.) |
in front of before on behalf of instead of
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Which word means citizen? The long or short one? |
civis c ivitas is citizenship or state |
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vitia - correct your impression of its definition! |
it means FAULTS not CRIMES. SUBTLE BUT IMPORTANT! |
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facilis, facile
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easy
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facilior, facilius
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easier (comp)
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facillimus, facillima, etc.
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easiest (super)
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difficilis, difficile
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difficult
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difficilior, difficilius
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more difficult
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difficillimus, difficillima, etc.
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most difficult (super)
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similis, simile
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like
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similior, similius
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more like (comp)
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simillimus, simillima, etc.
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most like (super)
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līber, lībera, līberum
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free
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līberior, līberius
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freer (comp)
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līberrimus, līberrima
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freest (super)
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pulcher, pulchra
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beautiful
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pulchrior, pulchrius
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more beautiful (comp)
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pulcherrimus, pulcherrima, etc. |
most beautiful (super)
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acer, acris, acre
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keen, sharp
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acrior, acrius
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keener, sharper (comp)
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acerrimus, acerima
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keenest(super)
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bonus, bona, bonum
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good
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melior, melius |
better (comp)
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optimus
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best (super)
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magnus
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great
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maior, maius
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greater (comp)
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maximus
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greatest(super)
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malus |
bad
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peior, peius
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worse (comp)
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pessimus
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worst (super)
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multus
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much
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plurimus
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most (super) |
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parvus
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small
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minor, minus
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smaller (comp)
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minimus |
smallest (super)
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prior, prius
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former (comp) of prae, pro
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primus
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first (super)
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superior
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higher (comp)
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supremus
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highest (super)
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plūs
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Neuter Singular
more |
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plūris
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Neuter Genitive
more |
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plūs
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Neuter Accusative
more |
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plūre
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Neuter Ablative |
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plūrēs, plūra |
more in its M/F/N Plural forms |
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arma, armōrum |
arms, weapons neutral plural (army, armament) |
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cursus, cursūs |
running, race; course 4th Declension Masculine Noun |
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lūna, lūnae |
moon 1st Declension Feminine Noun |
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occāsiō, occāsiōnis |
occasion, opportunity 3rd Declension Feminine Noun |
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parēns, parentis |
parent 3rd Declension Masculine/Feminine Noun |
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stēlla, stēllae |
star, planet 1st Conjugation Feminine Noun |
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vesper, vesperis or vesperī
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(m) evening; evening star
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mortuus, mortua, mortuum |
dead
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prīnceps, gen. prīncipis |
chief, foremost; as a noun: leader, emperor |
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nē |
adv. and conj. with subj. of command and purpose, not; in order that ... not, that ... not, on order not to |
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cēdō |
cēdere, cessi, cessum to go, withdraw; yield to, grant, submit (ancestor, concede, deceased, secede) |
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dēdicō |
dēdicāre, dēdicāvī, dēdicātum egēre, eguī + abl. or gen., to need, lack, want
(do not confuse with ēgī) (dedication) |
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egeō |
egēre, eguī + abl. or gen., to need, lack, want
(do not confuse with ēgī) |
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expleō |
explēre, explēvī, explētum to fill, fill up, complete (expletive, deplete replete) |
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praestō |
praestāre, praestitī, praestitum to excel; exhibit, show, offer, supply (prae + stō = to stand in front of) |
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taceō |
tacēre, tacuī, tacitum to be silent, leave unmentioned (tacit taciturn, reticence) |
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beneficia |
noun a favor, benefit, service, kindness
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verus, vera, verum |
adjective true |
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etiam |
et + iam!
and now
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enim |
1. explaining so that, for in fact, 2. confirming 3. giving a reason |
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aut.....aut |
either, or |
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fātum, fātī
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(n) fate; death |
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ingenium, ingeniī |
nature, innate talent |
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moenia, moenium |
(n) pl., walls of a city |
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nāta, nātae |
daughter |
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ōsculum |
neuter noun 3rd De. ōsculī kiss |
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sīdus |
neuter noun 3rd De. sīderis constellation, star |
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dignus, digna, dignum |
(... + abl) worthy, worthy of |
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dūrus, dūra, dūrum |
hard, harsh, rough, stern, unfeeling, hardy, difficult (dour, durable, duress, obdurate) |
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tantus, tanta, tantum |
so large, so great, of such a size |
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dēnique |
adverb at last, finally, lastly |
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ita (itaque!) |
adv., used with adjs. vbs., and advs., so, thus
(itaque - so thus that, so thus which) |
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quidem nē ... quidem |
postpositive adverb indeed, certainly, at least, even nē ... quidem - not ... even |
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sīc |
adv. most commonly with verbs so, thus |
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tam tam...quam tamquam |
adv. with adjs. and advs., so, to such a degree; tam ... quam - so ... as tamquam - as it were, as if, so to speak |
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vērō |
adv., in truth, indeed, to be sure, however Cf. vērus, vēritās |
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condō |
condere, condidī, conditum to put together or into, store; found, establish (abscond, condiment) |
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contendō |
contendere, contendī, contentum to strive, struggle, contend; hasten (contender, contentious) Cf. tendō, to stretch, extend |
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molliō |
mollīre, mollīvī, mollītum to sofen; make calm or less hostile (mollify, mollusk) Cf. mollis - soft, mild |
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pugnō |
pugnāre, pugnāvī, pugnātum to fight |
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respondeō |
respondēre, respondi, respōnsum to answer (respond, response_ |
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surgō |
surgere, surrēxī, surrēctum to get up, arise (surge, resurgent, resurrection) |
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petō |
petere petīvī petītum
to seek, aim at, beg, beseech
(compete, petition, repeat) |
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premō |
premere pressī pressum
to press; press hard, pursue
(compress, depress, express, print) |
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vertō |
vertere vertī versum
to turn; change |
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āvertō |
āvertere āvertī āversum
to turn away, avert |
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cūr |
adverb why |
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legō |
legere, lēgi, lēctum
to pick out, choose; read
(elect, elegant, eligible, lecture) |
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nāvis |
nāvis
3rd Declension i-stem Feminine Noun |
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salūs |
salūtis
3rd Declension Feminine Noun
(salutation, salutary) |
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at |
but
conjunction but; mind you, but, you say typically stronger than sed |
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dēlectō |
dēlectāre, dēlectāvī, dēlectātum
to delight, charm, please
(delectable) |
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parō |
parāre, parāvī, parātum
to prepare, provide, get, obtain
(apparatus, compare, parachute, parry, pair, separate, several)
1st Conjugation Verb |
