Wheelock Chapters 1-23

Front 1

quoque

Back 1

also, too

Front 2

dēsīderō

Back 2

dēsīderāre, dēsīderāvī, dēsīderātum

to desire, long for, miss

(desire, desiderate, desirous)

Front 3

flūmen

Back 3

flūminis

river

3rd Declension Neuter Noun

Front 4

probitās

Back 4

probitātis

uprightness, honesty

(probity, probation)

3rd Declension Feminine Noun

Front 5

deinde

Back 5

adverb

thereupon, next, then

Front 6

fluō

Back 6

fluere, flūxī, flūxum

to flow

(fluid, flux, influenza, superfluous)

Front 7

causa

ablative note!

Back 7

causae
cause, reason; case, situation

ablative (causā) with a preceding genitive means for the sake of, on account of

1st Declension Feminine Noun

Front 8

fīnis

Back 8

fīnis
end, limit, boundary; purpose

3rd Declension Masculine i-stem Noun

Front 9

finēs (pl.)

Back 9

fīnium (pl.)
boundaries, territory

3rd Declension Masculine i-stem Noun

Front 10

gēns

Back 10

gentis
clan, race, nation, people

3rd Declension i-stem Feminine Noun

Front 11

vīcīnus,

Back 11

vīcīnī,

2nd Masc
neighbor

Front 12

vulgus

Back 12

vulgī

2nd Declension Noun Neuter, but sometimes Masculine
the common people, mob, rabble

Front 13

atque or ac (only before consonants)

Back 13

conjuntion

and, and also, and even

Front 14

iterum

Back 14

adverb
again, a second time

(iterate, reiteration)

Front 15

iubeō

Back 15

iubēre, iussī, iussum

to bid, order, command

Front 16

argūmentum

Back 16

argūmentī

proof, evidence, argument

2nd Declension Neuter Noun

Front 17

certus, certa, certum

Back 17

definite, sure, certain, reliable

(certificate, ascertain)

Front 18

dēlectō

Back 18

dēlectāre, dēlectāvī, dēlectātum

to delight, charm, please

(delectable)

Front 19

iam

Back 19

adverb

now, already, soon

Front 20

iūdex

Back 20

iūdicis

judge, juror

3rd Declension Masculine Noun

Front 21

nisi, conj. (19)

Back 21

if…not, unless, except

Front 22

scelus

Back 22

sceleris

crime, evil deed, sin, wickedness

3rd Declension Neuter Noun

Front 23

ōdī

Back 23

(defective verb/mostly perfect)

ōdisse, ōsum

to hate

Front 24

careō + ...

Back 24

carēre, caruī, caritūrum + abl.

to be without, be deprived of, lack (+ ablative of separation)

See also Ancient Greek κείρω - I cut off, or English shear, sharp

Front 25

dēfendō

Back 25

dēfendere, dēfendī, dēfēnsum

to ward off, defend, protect

(defendant, defense, defensible)

Front 26

discēdō

Back 26

discēdere, discessī, discessum

to go away, depart

(proceed, secede)

Front 27

genū

Back 27

genūs

knee

4th Declension Neuter

Front 28

metus

Back 28

metūs

fear, dread, anxiety

4th Declension Masculine

Front 29

mōns

Back 29

montis

mountain

3rd Declension i-stem Masculine

Front 30

prohibeō

Back 30

prohibēre, prohibuī, prohibitum

to keep back, prevent, hinder, restrain, prohibit

Front 31

prōnūntiō

Back 31

prōnūntiāre, prōnūntiāvī, prōnūntiātum

to proclaim, announce, declaim

Cf. nūntius

Front 32

senatus

Back 32

senatūs

senate

4th Declension Masculine Noun

Front 33

sēnsus

Back 33

sēnsūs

feeling, sense

4th Declension Masculine

Front 34

servitūs

Back 34

servitūtis

servitude, slavery

3rd Declension Feminine

Front 35

spīritus

Back 35

spīritūs

breath, breathing, spirit, soul

(spiritual, conspire, expire)

4th Declension Masculine

Cf. spīrāre - to breath

Front 36

versus

Back 36

versūs

line of verse

a farrow of earth

4th Declension Masculine

Front 37

vīcīna

Back 37

vīcīnae

1st Fem
neighbor

Front 38

diēs

Back 38

diēī

day

5th Declension Masculine Noun

Front 39

ferrum

Back 39

ferrī

iron; sword

2nd Declension Neuter NOun

Front 40

fidēs

Back 40

fideī

faith, trust, trustworthiness, fidelity; promise, guarantee, protection

5th Declension Feminine Noun

Front 41

ignis

Back 41

ignis

fire

3rd Declension i-stem Masculine Noun

Front 42

modus

Back 42

modī

measure, bound, limit; manner, method, mode, way, thing, matter, business,

2nd Declension Masculine Noun

Front 43

rēs

Back 43

reī

affair

5th Declension Feminine Noun

Front 44

rēs pūblica

Back 44

reī pūblicae

state, commonwealth, republic

5th Declension Feminine Noun

(Republican)

Front 45

spēs

Back 45

speī

hope

5th Declension Feminine Noun

(despaire, desperate)

spērāre - to hope

Front 46

aequus, aequa, aequum

Back 46

level, even; calm; equal, just; favorable

(equanimity, equation, equinox, equity)

Front 47

fēlīx

Back 47

fēlīcis

lucky, fortunate, happy

(felicity, felicitous)

Front 48

incertus, incerta, incertum

Back 48

uncertain, unsure, doubtful

(certain (opposite))

Front 49

Latīnus, Latīna, Latīnum

Back 49

Latin

Front 50

medius, media, medium

Back 50

middle; the middle of

(medium, median, medieval, immediated)

Front 51

quondam

Back 51

adverb

formerly, once

Front 52

ultrā

(prep + ?) also an adverb

Back 52

(adv. and prep. +acc.)

on the other side, beyond

Front 53

prōtinus

Back 53

adverb

immediately

Front 54

cernō

Back 54

cernere, crēvī, crētum

to distinguish, discern, perceive

(discernable, discreet, discrete, discretion)

Front 55

ēripiō

Back 55

ēripere, ēripuī, ēreptum

to snatch away, take away; rescue

(from rapiō)

Front 56

inquit

Back 56

(defective verb)

he says or said

(placed after one or more words of a direct quotation but usually translated before the quote )

Front 57

tollō

Back 57

tollere, sustulī, sublātum

to raise, lift up; take away, remove, destroy

(extol)

Front 58

spērō

Back 58

spērāre spērāvī spērātum

to hope

Front 59

arx, arcis

Back 59

arcis

citadel, stronghold

3rd Declension i-stem Feminine Noun

(ark)

Front 60

dux

Back 60

ducis

leader, guide; commander, general

3rd Declension Masculine Noun

Front 61

equus

Back 61

equī

horse

2nd Declension Masculine Noun

Front 62

hasta

Back 62

hastae

spear

1st Declension Feminine Noun

Front 63

īnsula

Back 63

īnsulae

island

1st Declension Feminine Noun

Front 64

lītus

Back 64

lītoris

shore, coast

3rd Declension Neuter Noun

Front 65

mīles

Back 65

mīlitis

soldier

3rd Declension Masculine Noun

Front 66

ōrātor

Back 66

ōrātōris

orator, speaker

3rd Declension Masculine Noun

Front 67

sacerdōs

Back 67

sacerdōtis

priest

3rd Declension Masculine Noun

Front 68

aliquis, aliquid

Back 68

someone, somebody, something

Front 69

quisquis, quidquid

Back 69

whoever, whatever

Front 70

magnanimus magnanima magnanimum

Back 70

great–hearted, brave, magnanimous

Front 71

umquam

Back 71

adverb

ever, at any time

Front 72

ēducō

Back 72

ēducāre ēducāvī ēducātum

to bring up, educate

Front 73

gaudeō

Back 73

gaudēre gāvīsus sum

to be glad, rejoice

(Cf. gaudium - joy)

Front 74

ostendō

Back 74

ostendere ostendī ostentum

to exhibit, show, display

Front 75

opprimō

Back 75

opprimere oppressī oppressum

to suppress, overwhelm, overpower, check

Front 76

vertō

Back 76

vertere vertī versum

to turn; change

Front 77

āvertō

Back 77

āvertere āvertī āversum

to turn away, avert

Front 78

revertō

Back 78

revertere revertī reversum

to turn back

Front 79

gaudium

Back 79

joy!

(Cf. gaudēre - to be glad, to rejoice)

Front 80

pro

this is a preposition. what case does the next word always take?

Back 80

(prep. + abl.)

in front of, before, on behalf of, for the sake of, in return for, instead of, for, as

contrast with ante, which takes the acc!

Front 81

ante

this is a preposition. what case does the next word always take?

Back 81

adverb

before, previously

(prep. + acc.)

contrast with pro, which takes the abl!

Front 82

āmíttō vs. admittō vs. mittō

Back 82

āmíttere, āmsī, āmíssum,

to send away; lose, let go

(amissible; cf. omit, omission)

a- (“away”) +‎ mittō (“I send”)

admittere, admīsī

to let in, admit, commit

(admittance, admit)

from "ad" + "mittō."

mittere, mittam

to send, yield, release, produce, throw, escort

Front 83

alō

Back 83

alēre, aluī, altum

to nourish, support, sustain, increase, cherish

(ailment, alimentary, alimony, adolescence)

Front 84

divitiae

Back 84

dīvitiārum

riches, wealth (only in the plural)

1st Declension Feminine

nominative dīvitiae

genitive dīvitiārum

dative dīvitiīs

accusative dīvitiās

ablative dīvitiīs

vocative dīvitiae

Front 85

stō

Back 85

stāre, stetī, statum

to stand, stand still, or firm

(stable, state, station, statue, stature, statute, instant, stay)

Front 86

acerbus, acerba, acerbum

Back 86

1. (of taste) harsh, bitter, unripe
2. (of a person) rough, violent, severe, grievous
3. oppressive

Front 87

προλέγω

Back 87

to predict, foretell, announce beforehand

(oracular)

Front 88

tum

Back 88

then

(cognates with deinde)

Front 89

cīvitās

Back 89

cīvitātis
feminine, 3rd
state, citizenship
(city)

Front 90

ratiō
genitive? declension? definition?

Back 90

ratiōnis
Feminine, 3rd

reckoning, account;

reason, judgment, consideration; system; manner, method

Front 91

dum

Back 91

while,

as long as,

at the same time that;

until

Front 92

agō

Back 92

agere ēgī āctum
to drive, lead, do, act; pass, spend
3rd Conjugation Verb

Front 93

nullus, –a, –um

Back 93

not any, no, none

Front 94

ullus

Back 94

any

Front 95

uter, utra, utrum

Back 95

either, which(of two)

Front 96

caput
genitive? declension? definition?

Back 96

capitis

neuter, 3rd Declension

head, leader, beginning, life, heading, chapter

(headland, capital, chief, cadet, decapitate, cape)

Front 97

quod

Back 97

because

Front 98

neque... nec

Back 98

not, nor

Front 99

autem

Back 99

however, moreover

Front 100

etiam

Back 100

adverb
even, also

Front 101

audiō

Back 101

audīre, audīvī, audītum
4th Conjugation

to hear, listen to

Front 102

capiō

Back 102

capere, cēpī, captum

to take, capture, seize, get

3rd Conjugation Verb

Front 103

vīvō

Back 103

vīvere, vīxī, vīctum

to live

3rd Conjugation Verb