What Is Pacs?

Front 1

What does PACS stand for?

Back 1

Picture Archiving & Communication System

Front 2

What is PACS?

Back 2

-a combination of hardware and software that digitally stores and manages medical images and information.
-interface with other systems to access patient medical records and make these available along with images.

Front 3

Using PACS, medical professionals can quickly and efficiently access these radiological images. Unlike older film-only systems, multiple users, even those in different facilities, can view images in PACS ________.

Back 3

simultaneously

Front 4

eg of PACS environment

Back 4

all modalities and general x-rays interlinked

Front 5

A simple PACS consists of three basic components, which are_________(3).

Back 5

-computer
-workstation
-network

Front 6

what is the computer for?

Back 6

to store digital images and direct communivcation within the system

Front 7

what is the workstation for?

Back 7

to view images and information

Front 8

what is the network for?

Back 8

to connect the computers

Front 9

what are mini-PACS?

Back 9

designed to perform only one function, such as to provide for archiving and viewing of images from only one modality

Front 10

What is a PACS server?

Back 10

-a computer that provides control and routing of digital information;
-access patient records from hospital HIS/RIS data and link that data with images to provide medical professionals with everything they need for accurate and timely diagnosis.

Front 11

PACS server has to manage the ______ and _______ of information as well as the routing.

Back 11

storage; archiving

Front 12

name the 2 out put devices used with PACS:

Back 12

workstations (or viewers) & printers

Front 13

PACS workstations have extremely ______________in order to display the detail needed for proper diagnosis.

Back 13

high resolution

Front 14

what are the 3 basic classes pf PACS workstations:

Back 14

primary, secondary and tertiary

Front 15

describe the Primary Workstation

Back 15

A typical primary (or diagnostic) workstation has four display screens or 1 BIG display screen and provides the user with a sophisticated array of tools.
Primary workstations are most commonly used for primary diagnosis by radiologists

Front 16

describe the Secondary Workstation

Back 16

Secondary (or clinical) workstations typically have two viewing monitors.
This is the type of workstation used for clinical review, such as in a hospital Emergency Room

Front 17

describe the Tertiary Workstation

Back 17

Tertiary workstations are single-monitor setups.
These generally are used for tertiary review by referring doctors and access PACS by means such as Web Distribution.

Front 18

Other Peripherals, Input and Output Devices eg

Back 18

CD Writer/Burner, Digitizer, Home-based Scanner

Front 19

what is a digitizer?

Back 19

used to scan radiographs and record them in digital form (bytes, pixels, etc).
stored as an electronic file retrievable from PACS for viewing

Front 20

What is a home-based scanner?

Back 20

used to enter paper notes and reports into PACS e.g US notes or clinical history like contrast media reaction
(eg ktp a&e scan forms)

Front 21

what is a PROTOCOL?

Back 21

an agreed upon format for transmitting data between devices on a network. It establishes rules for how devices indicate that they are done sending or receiving messages or how error checking will be performed.

Front 22

The most commonly accepted protocol in PACS IS _______.

Back 22

Dicom

Front 23

what does Dicom stands for?

Back 23

Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine

Front 24

3 main objectives of Dicom:

Back 24

-Promote communication of digital image information, regardless of device manufacturer;
-Facilitate the development & expansion of PACS that can also interface with other systems or hospital information;
-Allow the creation of diagnostic information data bases that can be interrogated by a wide variety of devices distributed geographically.

Front 25

The DICOM protocol consists of many subsets called _______.

Back 25

service classes

Front 26

What does each DICOM service class contain?

Back 26

Each DICOM service class contains descriptions of how image data is to be formatted and instructions on how specific hardware operates.

Front 27

eg table of DICOM service classes

Back 27

eg

Front 28

Flow of Digital Data with DICOM and DICOM RT (5 steps)

Back 28

1. An imaging modality creates digital image data
2. The reported data is sent to PACS
3. A RT treatment planning workstation retrieves that imaging data and a treatment plan is made
4. The treatment plan is sent treatment machine device
5. Data about the treatment are generated

Front 29

what does HL7 stands for?`

Back 29

Health Level 7

Front 30

the HL& was founded in 1987 to produce a standard for _________.

Back 30

hospital information systems

Front 31

HL7 provides a comprehensive framework (and related standards) for the exchange, __________, (3)

Back 31

integration, sharing and retrieval of electronic health information;

Front 32

Health Level 7, Inc (HL7)

Back 32

framework

Front 33

what is the PACS/Web Distribution for?

Back 33

The Web Distribution component of PACS/Web Distribution provides for remote access to PACS data.

Front 34

who would benefit from PACS/Web Distribution?

Back 34

useful for referring physicians or other remote users who might be called upon to consult with hospital personnel on specific cases.

Front 35

what are the main components of a PACS/Web Distribution system?

Back 35

The main components of a Web Distribution system are a web distribution server, web distribution clients and a firewall

Front 36

The Web Distribution server interfaces with the ______ and makes that data available to ________.

Back 36

PACS server/archive; remote users

Front 37

the _________ server translates the PACS data into a form that can be viewed over the internet with a web browser.

Back 37

Web Distribution

Front 38

To help ensure that PACS and HIS/RIS data remain secure, access to the _________ should take place through a properly configured and managed ________.

Back 38

Web Distribution server; firewall

Front 39

WHo are the Web Distribution Clients?

Back 39

a remote workstation with the proper software installed to access the Web Distribution server

Front 40

Web Distribution Clients need to have _____ in order to access the Web Distribution server.

Back 40

internet

Front 41

Web Distribution Clients can also print images & _____-.

Back 41

data

Front 42

What is a firewall?

Back 42

a system designed to prevent unauthorised access to or from a private network
eg ensures the security of PACS data from unauthorized users

Front 43

HIS/RIS use different ____________(3) than a PACS/Web Distribution system

Back 43

servers, protocols and data formatting

Front 44

Hospitals input and store patient data using the _____.

Back 44

HIS

Front 45

Radiology requests and patient data pertaining to radiology use the _______.

Back 45

RIS

Front 46

For the PACS/Web Distribution system to access this patient data and be able to associate it with image records, we need to add a computer to existing system that can communicate with both systems, called ____ or ____

Back 46

HIS/RIS gateway or PACS broker.

Front 47

HIS/RIS Gateway or PACS Broker allows ________

Back 47

integration of patient information directly from HIS/RIS into PACS/Web Distribution.

Front 48

What is Telehealth?

Back 48

Telehealth has been defined as the use of telecommunications to provide health information and services, that is, health-related activity carried out at a distance.

Front 49

Healthcare interactions in Telehealth

Back 49

Participant: doctor-to-doctor, doctor-to-patient
Type: Real-time, non real-time
Information transmitted: Audio, Video