What Is Chemistry? Packet

Front 1

Matter

Back 1

anything that takes up space(has a volume) and has mass

Front 2

Mass

Back 2

the amount of matter an object contains

Front 3

Weight

Back 3

the amount of gravitational attraction for an object (varies depending on location)

Front 4

Inertia

Back 4

the amount of resistance the object has to any change in its motion or position

Front 5

pure substance

Back 5

a particular kind of matter that has a uniform and definite composition, all elements and compounds are pure substances

Front 6

Physical Properties

Back 6

characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the substance's composition

ex: melting point, boiling point, density, color, odor, hardness, mass

Front 7

Solids

Back 7

have a fixed mass and volume, completely rigid

Front 8

Liquids

Back 8

have a fixed mass and volume, but can take the shape of its container

Front 9

Gas

Back 9

has a definate mass, but not a definate shape or volume, expands to fill it's container

Front 10

vapor

Back 10

used to describe a substance that generally exists as a solid or liquid at room temperature, but is presently in the gaseous state

Front 11

physical change

Back 11

will alter the substance without changing its composition

Front 12

mixtures

Back 12

consist of a physical blend of two or more substances, where each component retains it's unique characteristics

Front 13

Heterogeneous Mixtures

Back 13

not uniform in composition

Front 14

Homogeneous

Back 14

completely uniform composition, all elements and compounds are this, and mixtures that are this are called solutions

Front 15

distillation

Back 15

means to seperate a liquid and solid/solute, or two liquids with different boiling points; used evaporation

Front 16

filtration

Back 16

used to seperate solids from liquids by using a strainer

Front 17

Compounds

Back 17

substances that can be broken down into simpler substances (elements) only by chemical reactions; always heterogeneous; always with a fixed ratio

Front 18

Elements

Back 18

the simplest forms of matter; made up of only one element; homogeneus

Front 19

Atom

Back 19

the smallest unit of an element that still retains its characteristic properties

Front 20

metals

Back 20

mostly shiny, flexible solids, good conductors of heat and electricity, luster, ductile

Front 21

nonmetals

Back 21

exist as gases, or easily vaporixed liquids or solids, that have a dull appearance and absorb electricity

Front 22

acid

Back 22

increased concentration of H+ (hydrogen ions), dissolve metals, taste sour, and have low pH values

Front 23

base

Back 23

increased concentration of OH- (hydroxide ions), react with acids to form water, taste bitter, and have high pH values

Front 24

reactants

Back 24

starting substances in a chemical reaction

Front 25

products

Back 25

the results of a chemical reaction

Front 26

chemical change

Back 26

when reactants form a new substance (product); indicated by production of energy, change in color or odor, production of gas or solid, cannot be easily reversed

Front 27

precipitate

Back 27

the solid that forms in a chemical reaction

Front 28

chemical properties

Back 28

describe the ability to and behavior of a substance when it is undergoing a chemical reaction

Front 29

The Law of Conservation of Mass

Back 29

matter can neither be created nor destroyed

Front 30

energy

Back 30

the capacity for doing work

Front 31

potential energy

Back 31

stored energy that provides the ability to do work

Front 32

kenetic energy

Back 32

the energy of motion that occurs when work is actually being done

KE=1/2mv2

Front 33

temperature

Back 33

a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a material

Front 34

heat

Back 34

a measure of the amount of energy that can be transfered from a warmer object to a cooler object because of a difference in temperature