What Is A Speech-Language Pathologist?

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What is Language??

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“Language is a complex and dynamic system of conventional symbols used for thought and communication” (ASHA, 1983)

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Phonology

Back 2

is concerned with the sounds as they are organized into words (it vs. in)

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Morphology

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is concerned with how words combine with each other and smaller units (i.e., getting= get + ing)

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Syntax

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is concerned with how words combine to make sentences (*Is here in it cold getting)

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Semantics

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is concerned with the meaning of the sentence

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Pragmatics

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is concerned with how the utterance might be understood (Close the window!)

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Cognition Defined

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mental processing of information whereby that information is acquired, stored, retrieved, transformed and/or produced
Relates to perception, memory, language, attention, decision making, problem solving, organizing, etc.

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Behaviorism

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Behavioral acquisition was simply learning a response to a stimulus (Pavlov’s dogs)
In behaviorism, the mind is ignored
For behaviorists then, language development can be described without referring to the mind

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Cognitivism

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relies on the internal mental processes to explain behavior

Language is a productive, generative, and cannot be explained as a response to a stimulus response if it has that response was never before observed.

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Linguistics

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Speakers of a language possess a grammar or mental system of elements and rules that allow them to form and interpret utterances.

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Statistical Learning

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Babies kept count of how often certain sounds follow each other. A word is a sequence of co-occuring sounds.

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Rule Learning

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babies could tell the difference between previous combinations and the new syllable combinations.

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Scientific Method

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Observation.
Identify the problem
Hypothesis Formulation
Experimental evaluations
Interpretation
Verification

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Critical Period

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The Wild Boy of Aveyron
Genie

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Phoneme

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Meaningful different sound in a language.

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Allophone

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Different sounds that do not differentiate meaning.

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Stark"s 5 stages

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1) Reflexive crying and vegetative cooing.
2) Cooing and laughter
3) Vocal play
4) Reduplicative babbling
5) Non reduplicative or variegated babbling