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28 Cards in this Set
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Oxytocin |
posterior pituatary
Stimulates powerful uterine contractions during birth and sex. Also causes milk ejection. |
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ADH |
posterior pituatary Causes the kidneys to reabsorb water from the urinary filtrate to reduce urine output and conserve body water. |
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GH |
Anterior pituitary Promotes growth in all body |
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LH |
Anterior pituitary Regulate gamete production and hormonal activity of the gonads. |
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PRL |
Anterior pituitary Stimulates breast development and lactation after childbirth. May stimulate testosterone in males. |
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ACTH |
Anterior pituitary Regulates the endocrine activity of the cortex portion of the adrenal gland. |
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TSH |
Anterior pituitary Influences growth and activity of the thyroid gland. |
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FSH |
Anterior pituitary Helps regulate gamete production and hormonal activity of the gonads. |
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T3/T4 |
Thyroid gland Controls the rate of body metabolism and cellular oxidation. |
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Calcitonin |
Thyroid gland Decreases blood calcium levels by stimulating calcium salt deposit into the bones. |
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PTH |
Parathyroid gland Parathyroid releases PTH when blood calcium levels decrease below critical level. The PTH causes release of calcium from bone matrix and tells the kidney to reabsorb more calcium and less phosphate from the filtrate. Also stimulates the kidney to convert Vit D to its active D3 form calcitriol. |
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Insulin |
Pancreas Elevated blood glucose levels stimulate the release of insulin, which decreases blood sugar levels, primarily by accelerating the transport of glucose into the body cells , where it is oxidized for energy or converted to glycogen or fat for storage. |
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Glucagon |
Pancreas When blood sugar levels are low, it stimulates the liver (its primary target organ) to break down glycogen stores to glucose and subsequently to release glucose into the blood. |
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Gonadocorticiods |
Andrenal glands Sex hormones; estrogens and androgens |
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Glucocorticoids |
Adrenals Cortisol, cortisone, & corticosterone Enable the body to resist long term stressors, primarily by increasing blood glucose levels. |
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Mineralocorticiods |
Adrenals (Chiefly aldosterone) Regulate water and electrolyte balance in the extracellular fluids, mainly by regulating sodium ion reabsorbtion by kidney tubules. |
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Epinephrine (adrenaline) |
Adrenal glands (from the adrenal medulla) Epinephrine is the more potent of metabolic activities, bronchial dilation, and increased bloodflow to the skeletal muscles and the heart, but norepinephrine has the greater influence on peripheral vasoconstriction and blood pressure. Epinephrine is used clinically as a heart stimulant and to dilate bronchioles during acute asthmatic attacks. |
Stimulator of metabolic activities, bronchial dilation, and increased blood flow to skeletal muscles and the heart (but norepinephrine has the greater influence on peripheral vasoconstriction and blood pressure). Epinephrine is used clinically as a heart stimulant to dilate the bronchioles during an acute |
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Progesterone |
The gonads; ovaries Acts with estrogens to bring about cyclic changes of menstrual cycle. During pregnancy, maintains the uterine masclature in a quiescent state and helps to prepare the breast tissue for lactation. |
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Estrogens |
Gonads; ovaries Development of secondary sex characteristics in females, and help prepare mammory glands for lactation. |
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Testosterone |
Gonads; testes Secondary sex characteristics, libido, and normal sperm production. |
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Thymopoietin/ thymosim |
Thymus Thought to be involved in the development of T lymphocytes and the immune response. |
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ANP |
Heart In the kidney, inhibits sodium reabsorbtion and renin release. In the adrenal cortex, inhibits secretion of aldosterone. Decreases blood pressure.
[Trigger is stretching of the atria (by rising blood pressure)] |
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Erythropoietin (EPO) |
Kidneys Stimulates production of rbc in the bone marrow.
(Secreted in response to hypoxia; deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues) |
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Calcitriol |
Calciferol is synthesized in skin and is then converted in the liver into Vit D3, which is then carried to the kidneys where it is converted to calcitriol. The final step is promoted by the PTH.
Acts on the cells of the intestine to promote the absorption of calcium and phosphate from food. It also acts on the bone to mobilize calcium from the bone to the blood. , |
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Renin |
When blood pressure drops, the kidney secretes renin, which then acts on angiotensinogen > angiotensinogen I > angiotensinogen II, which then •constricts the walls of the arterioles, closing capillary beds •stimulates proximal tubules in the kidneys to reabsorb sodium ions •stimulates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone •increase strength of the heartbeat •stimulates the pituitary to release vasopressin All leading to an increase in blood pressure. |
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Leptin |
Adipose tissue In the brain, suppresses appetite; increases energy expenditure. |
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Resisten |
Adipose tissue Targets fat, muscle, and liver; antagonizes insulin's action on liver cells. |
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Ghrelin |
Appetite stimulant |
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