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28 Cards in this Set

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Oxytocin

posterior pituatary



Stimulates powerful uterine contractions during birth and sex. Also causes milk ejection.

ADH

posterior pituatary


Causes the kidneys to reabsorb water from the urinary filtrate to reduce urine output and conserve body water.

GH

Anterior pituitary


Promotes growth in all body

LH

Anterior pituitary


Regulate gamete production and hormonal activity of the gonads.

PRL

Anterior pituitary


Stimulates breast development and lactation after childbirth. May stimulate testosterone in males.

ACTH

Anterior pituitary


Regulates the endocrine activity of the cortex portion of the adrenal gland.

TSH

Anterior pituitary


Influences growth and activity of the thyroid gland.

FSH

Anterior pituitary


Helps regulate gamete production and hormonal activity of the gonads.

T3/T4

Thyroid gland


Controls the rate of body metabolism and cellular oxidation.

Calcitonin

Thyroid gland


Decreases blood calcium levels by stimulating calcium salt deposit into the bones.

PTH

Parathyroid gland


Parathyroid releases PTH when blood calcium levels decrease below critical level. The PTH causes release of calcium from bone matrix and tells the kidney to reabsorb more calcium and less phosphate from the filtrate. Also stimulates the kidney to convert Vit D to its active D3 form calcitriol.

Insulin

Pancreas


Elevated blood glucose levels stimulate the release of insulin, which decreases blood sugar levels, primarily by accelerating the transport of glucose into the body cells , where it is oxidized for energy or converted to glycogen or fat for storage.

Glucagon

Pancreas


When blood sugar levels are low, it stimulates the liver (its primary target organ) to break down glycogen stores to glucose and subsequently to release glucose into the blood.

Gonadocorticiods

Andrenal glands


Sex hormones; estrogens and androgens

Glucocorticoids

Adrenals


Cortisol, cortisone, & corticosterone


Enable the body to resist long term stressors, primarily by increasing blood glucose levels.

Mineralocorticiods

Adrenals


(Chiefly aldosterone)


Regulate water and electrolyte balance in the extracellular fluids, mainly by regulating sodium ion reabsorbtion by kidney tubules.

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

Adrenal glands (from the adrenal medulla)


Epinephrine is the more potent of metabolic activities, bronchial dilation, and increased bloodflow to the skeletal muscles and the heart, but norepinephrine has the greater influence on peripheral vasoconstriction and blood pressure. Epinephrine is used clinically as a heart stimulant and to dilate bronchioles during acute asthmatic attacks.

Stimulator of metabolic activities, bronchial dilation, and increased blood flow to skeletal muscles and the heart (but norepinephrine has the greater influence on peripheral vasoconstriction and blood pressure). Epinephrine is used clinically as a heart stimulant to dilate the bronchioles during an acute

Progesterone

The gonads; ovaries


Acts with estrogens to bring about cyclic changes of menstrual cycle. During pregnancy, maintains the uterine masclature in a quiescent state and helps to prepare the breast tissue for lactation.

Estrogens

Gonads; ovaries


Development of secondary sex characteristics in females, and help prepare mammory glands for lactation.

Testosterone

Gonads; testes


Secondary sex characteristics, libido, and normal sperm production.

Thymopoietin/ thymosim

Thymus


Thought to be involved in the development of T lymphocytes and the immune response.

ANP

Heart


In the kidney, inhibits sodium reabsorbtion and renin release. In the adrenal cortex, inhibits secretion of aldosterone. Decreases blood pressure.



[Trigger is stretching of the atria (by rising blood pressure)]

Erythropoietin (EPO)

Kidneys


Stimulates production of rbc in the bone marrow.



(Secreted in response to hypoxia; deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues)

Calcitriol

Calciferol is synthesized in skin and is then converted in the liver into Vit D3, which is then carried to the kidneys where it is converted to calcitriol. The final step is promoted by the PTH.



Acts on the cells of the intestine to promote the absorption of calcium and phosphate from food. It also acts on the bone to mobilize calcium from the bone to the blood.


,

Renin

When blood pressure drops, the kidney secretes renin, which then acts on angiotensinogen > angiotensinogen I > angiotensinogen II, which then •constricts the walls of the arterioles, closing capillary beds


•stimulates proximal tubules in the kidneys to reabsorb sodium ions


•stimulates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone


•increase strength of the heartbeat


•stimulates the pituitary to release vasopressin


All leading to an increase in blood pressure.

Leptin

Adipose tissue


In the brain, suppresses appetite; increases energy expenditure.

Resisten

Adipose tissue


Targets fat, muscle, and liver; antagonizes insulin's action on liver cells.

Ghrelin

Appetite stimulant