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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who made up the Holy Alliance (1815) and what were they defending?
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- Russia, Prussia, Austria
- Religion and keeping the status quo |
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What Russian Revolution was inspired by Western values in 1825?
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Decembrist Uprising
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What was Russia's economic relationship with Western Europe at the beginning of the 19th century?
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Western machinery and luxury goods, Russia remain agricultural with serfs
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What advantage did the West have over Russia in the Crimean War?
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Industrial advantages
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What were some of the different reasons for freeing Russian serfs?
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- a desire to meet western humanitarian standards
- periodic peasant uprisings focused on lack of freedom, undue obligations, and lack of land |
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What year were the serfs freed in Russia?
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1861
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Besides personal freedom, what other things were serfs granted?
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- the serfs got land
- the serfs obtained no new political rights at a national level - they were still tied to their villages until they could pay for the land they were given. The redemption money went to the aristocrats to help preserve this class |
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What was the first step Russia took towards industrialization?
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trans-Siberian railroad
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How much and by whom was Russian industry owned in 1900?
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half of the Russian industry was foreign owned and operated with British, German, and French industrialists taking the lead
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By 1900, in what areas was Russian industrialization successful?
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-4th in world for steel production
-2nd in world for petroleum production and refining |
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What was already present in Russia that helped aid its industrialization?
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natural resources
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How did Lenin change the classic Marxist view of revolution?
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Lenin argued that because of the spread of international capitalism, a proletariat was developing worldwide in advance of industrialization
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Which group of Russia Marxists supported Lenin's approach to revolution?
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Blosheviks
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What was the Duma?
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National parliament
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How did Tokugawa Shogunate operate politically in the nineteenth century?
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continued to combine central bureaucracy with semi-feudal alliances between the regional daimyos and samurai
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Which Asian country had the highest literacy rate before Westernization?
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Japan
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Which group advocated interest in Western scientific advances in Japan?
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Dutch Studies
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Who opened Japan, forcefully, in 1853?
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Commodore Matthew Perry
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What were the political reforms instituted by the Japanese during the Meiji period?
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- abolishing feudalism
- replacing daimyos - sent samurais abroad - Meiji ministers abolished samurai class - army based on national conscription - created new conservative nobility - bureaucracy reorganized |
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What were the similarities between Russian and Japanese industrialization?
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scare capital and the unfamiliarity of new technology seemed to compel state direction, as occurred in Russia at the same time
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What allowed American popular culture to be spread around the world in the second half of the 20th century?
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Hollywood film companies began to set up distribution branches in Australia, Latin America, and Asia
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How did the West view their involvement with other peoples before 1914?
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Imperialists believed that Western leadership was bringing new enlightenment to the inferior peoples of the rest of the world.
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What institutions (ex. Red Cross) were created during the latter part of 19th century?
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- Solve situation of aiding wounded soldiers in war
-International science conferences, International industrial fairs, Olympics, postal service |
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What was a weakness in international movement prior to World War I?
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Based heavily on Western dominance and control of empires,
Internationalization gained ground at the same time that nationalism was rising in Europe and elsewhere |
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What court was created at the Hague in 1899?
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World Court
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What part of Europe produced the most crises prior to WWI?
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Balkans
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What two European powers were directly involved in Balkan diplomacy?
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Russia and Austria
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What events lead to the outbreak of WWI?
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- assassination of Archduke
- Austria war on Serbia - Germany and Austria alliances - Germany was scared bc Russia was mobilizing |
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Sea warfare during WWI consisted largely of ____________________________.
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submarine
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How effective was trench warfare? Why?
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miles of trench with high causality and little gain
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Who were the primary combatants on the Italian front?
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Italy and Austria
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What areas were included in the warfare on the Eastern front?
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Balkans and Western Russia
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How was the home front involved in the war effort?
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total war
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How did Americans profit from WWI?
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Americans sell and lent to fighting countries (i think she said combatant or something?)
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What nation profited the most by warfare in Asia between 1914 and 1919?
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Japan
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What was the Ottoman Empire's involvement in WWI? What happened to them after WWI?
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- Supported the Germans
- Ottoman Empire ended |
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The British promised support for a Jewish settlement in the Middle East in what document?
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Balefor Declaration
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How did WWI affect Russian politics?
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pressure cause revolution, toppled Czar government, Lenin came to power
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When was the treaty of Bret-Litovsk signed?
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March 1918
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In what year did the Germans on the Western Front sue for peace?
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1918
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How did German generals change Germany politically immediately before they surrendered?
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new civilian government
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The series of treaties ending World War I were negotiated at _____.
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Versailles Palace
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What were some of the aspects of the treaties that ended WWI?
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- France got Alsace and Lorraine
- Settlement of all nationalist issues and a new League of Nations - Conflicting interests and domestic public opinion |
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Approximately, how many people died as a result of WWI?
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10 million
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How was the Ottoman Empire “carved up” after WWI?
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collapsed; Italy and Greece tried, but divided up by the United Nations
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How effective was the League of Nations after WWI? Why?
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Little more than a discussion group
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The Great Depression began in __.
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October 1929
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What were the causes of the Great Depression?
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over production, war caused inflation, America borrowed a lot of money, economic barriers, low investment, industry fell, low employment and wages
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What was the extent of the unemployment?
Of the world powers, which was least affected by the Great Depression? |
- Lost 1/3 of blue collar workers
- Russia |
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How did the depression affect Japan?
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No imports, fuel or raw materials
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How did Joseph Stalin regard the Great Depression?
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The Great Depression was a result of imperialism and capitalism
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How had Japan’s government changed after 1937?
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expanded military
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In 1931, Japan declared ______ an independent state?
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Manchuria
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Adolph Hitler was the leader of what party?
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Nazis/ Nationalist Socialist Party
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How did Hitler come to power in Germany?
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legally, abolished parliament, made himself leader of a new totalitarian state
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Who led fascist Italy?
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Mussolini
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What nation aided the republican forces during the Spanish Civil War?
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Soviet Union and Germany
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Prime Minister Chamberlain followed a policy of _______ in Munich (1939).
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appeasement
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Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in ___?
By the summer of 1940, what was the status of France and who ruled in Vichy? |
- December 7, 1941
- Most of France was in the hands of the Germans |
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When Germany invaded ______, the balance of war in Europe shifted?
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Russia
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Why did Japan eventually surrender?
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atomic bomb
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Where were conferences held to determine the fate of Europe after WWII?
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Tehran, Yalta, Postdam Conference
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What were the results of the peace treaties signed after WWII?
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- Tehran: Opened up France
- Yalta: Soviets help U.S. vs. Japan, and wanted to destroy German industrial power, but Britain resisted - Postdam: Soviets took over E. Poland, who over took E. Germany. Germany had to sign peace treaty with Austria, U.S. and Soviets. Japan's treaty was separate - Korean was divide but split up into North and South - Asian colonies were returned to "old masters" - China regained former territories |
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Which Nations lost their independence after WWII?
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Latvia, Lithuania, Istonia
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What famous term was coined by Winston Churchill describing the division between free and repressed societies?
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Iron Curtain
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Where was the focal point of the Cold War in Europe immediately after WWII?
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Berlin, Germany
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