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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Vietnam
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colonized by: French
When: 1858 Why: good trade port, needed land to compete |
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Phillipines
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colonized by:Spain-->Britain-->Spain-->US
When:1656-->1762-->1763-->1935 Why:good outpost in pacific, natural resources, navy base |
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Nigeria
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colonized by:Britain
When: 1901 Why: Oil, no intention of settling |
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South Africa
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colonized by:Dutch-->English
When:1795 Why:trade routes, natural resources |
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Otto Von Bismark: the individual
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-Prussian Junker (conservative land owning noble)
-Realpolitik (needs of state above all else) -Chancellor below William 1 (#2 guy but really runs things) |
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Otto VB: Goals
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-unified Germany w/Prussia at head
-strong Germany -benefit Hohenzollers (Prussian ruling dynasty) |
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Otto VB: 3 Obstacles overview
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-Austria (main power)
-Liberal Diet (liberal legislature in Germany) -France, etc |
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Otto VB:Obstacle 1
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DEALING WITH THE DIET
-ignored, then dissolved -bad public image, but just restricts press and dictates budget |
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Realpolitik
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needs of state above all else
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Otto VB: Obstacle 2
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DEALING WITH AUSTRIA
-forms alliance -goes to war with denmark -attacks austria on claims of negating alliance -dissolves austria-led german confederation, replaces with Prussia -leaves austria, 4 southern states independant |
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Otto VB: Obstacle 3
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FRANCE
-ems dispatch=letter that started war...manipulation of meetings btwn NapIII and Will(prussia) -Otto wins, france surrenders |
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Results of Otto VB:
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-Birth of second Reich
-New Legislature -Bundesrat -Reichstag |
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Bundesrat
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(upper house)
-selected by rulers of german states -can veto any reichstag decisions |
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Reichstag
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(lower house)
-composed of all men able to vote |
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Italy: Important Leaders and goals
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GARIBALDI-Red Shirts, wants republic
MAZZINI-founded "young Italy", wanted republic CAVOUR-Prime Minister, wanted monarchy |
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Germany: steps in unification
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1.Consolidation of Power under Bismarck
2.War with Denmark 3.War with Austria 4.War with France 5.the creation of Kaiser-William I 6.Birth of the second Reich 7.William II tells Bismark to reign |
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Imperialism
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* means of acquisition
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Why be imperial?
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-ECONOMIC:natural resources of colonies
-POLITICAL: more power if you influence the world -MILITARY: increase power |
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Justification of Imperialism
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-Social Darwinism
-Paternal View, bringing technology, etc to help natives |
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Social Darwinism
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-Charles Darwin
-recognizes that unwerstern, uncivilized people will be destroyed as a form of natural selection, but not advocating -western=socially superior |
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Herbert Spencer
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-Social Darwinist
-coined "survival of the fittest" -with Natural Selection, social aspects of humanity evolve as well (intelligence, ability to reason) |
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Malthus
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-social darwinist
-dont help the poor: fighting evolution/hurting humanity in long run |
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Francis Galtor
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-Intellectual traits are inherrited
-against welfare, insane asylums (dumbing down humanity) |
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OVERALL IMPERIALISM JUSTIFICATION
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two options: kill the heaten or save the heathen
RACISM=justification -justified because savages are barely human |
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Mazzini
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Young Italy-goal to unite italy as republic
-Nationalist (duh) -uniting made sense because of common language and history and geography -set up republic in rome but soon crushed by french miliatry |
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Cavour
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-monarchist, RealPolitik (gov't above all else)
-prime minister of Kingdom of Sardinia, to Victor Emmanuel I -goal:end Austrian power in Italy, annex Lombardy and Venitia -deal with Napoleon, brought down Austria, annexed lombardy |
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Garibaldi
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-sought help from Cavour
-raised volunteer force, wore red shirt -won control of kingdom of two sicilies -troops from a nervous cavour/emmanual joined with Garribaldi -gave naples and sicily to victor Emmanuel; VE crowned king of Italy |
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protectorate
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locar rulers left in place but were expected to follow the advice of European advisers on issues
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Sphere of Influence
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area in whihc an outside power claimed exclusive investment or trading privileges
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British rule=
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indirect
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French rule=
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direct
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Berlin Conference
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European power could not claim land unless they established a gov't office there
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Sepoy Rebellion
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SEPOYS-Indian soldiers in British service to serve anywhere
-sepoys rebel against new laws undermining hindu relgion, British crushed -india put under stricter, direct control |
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China's Challenges:
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*Industrial nonrevolutino
*Opium *Decline of Qing/Taiping rebellion |
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CChalenge1
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Industrial Nonrevolution
-no need for industrialization, while GB did -doesnt have same technology |
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CChallenge2
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OPIUM
-british brought in exchange for tea, Chinese got addicted -Opium war; British win -Treaty of Nanjing: war reparation, make china pay for war, etc -GB demanded *****EXTRATERRITORIALITY**** |
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Extraterritoriality
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british people can live in china only under british laws and not chinese
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CCHallenge3
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Decline of Qing
-Taiping Rebellion: 30 mil died, peasants rebel -failed reform efforts |
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JAPAN fears...
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-opium
-forced concessions to GB -Western Imperialism -PERRYS SHIPS: fleet of ships going around to show US naval powers (demanded access to china) |
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Japans attempt1
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-relented to US a little
-TREATY OF KANAGAWA (1854) Extraterritoriality MFN-us trade has no restrictions -shogun removed; civil unrest |
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Japan Attempt2
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Meiji Constitution to cope with Western Imperialism
-emperor and legislature -military growth -attempt to eliminate class distinctions -tried to end feudalism |
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Sino-Japanese War
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-clear jap victory
-east vs east/west-->Jap modernizing to survive -taiwan, ports in china |
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Russo-Jap War
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-Jap wins Koria
-Jap destroys russian navy (everyone ShOcKeD) |