Wh Final [People To Know]

Front 1

Joan of Arc

Back 1

 Daughter of prosperous peasants from Burgundy(which suffered under the English).
 Reported visions of divine revelationThe “Voice” told her to go to the king and assist him in driving out English.
 Dressed like a man
 Charles’ most charismatic and feared military leader.

Front 2

Cosimo de Medici

Back 2

 Wanted Florence to be the most beautiful city in the world.
 Hired artists to decorate his palace & architects to redo the buildings.
 Improved education by building libraries.

Front 3

Filippo Brunelleschi

Back 3

 Linear perspective

Front 4

Savonarola

Back 4

 One of the most significant people calling for reform
 Gained fame for preaching against the days’ current evils (warned of impending disaster caused by sin.)

Front 5

Michelangelo

Back 5

artist..

Front 6

Leonardo da Vinci

Back 6

 painter, sculptor architect, musician, scientist…..
 collaborated with Verrochio on paintings
 geometrical arrangement of figures
 worked in Milan
 used new fresco methold
 Mona Lisa
 Only 17 paintings+ unfinished works
 Used science to support art—Scientific Illustration
 +military inventions

Front 7

Galileo

Back 7

 Discovered the pendulum.
 Used lenses to make telescope
 Invented thermometer

Front 8

Martin Luther

Back 8

 “Sola Fidei” (Salvation by Faith Alone)
 German Translation of the New Testament

Front 9

• John Calvin

Back 9

 More “scholar”& “systematic thinker” than Luther
 Clear-cut moral directives for living
 Relied on Scripture and Augustine primarily for his ideas
 Teachings: predestination, The right of rebellion—English Civil War

Front 10

• Christopher Columbus

Back 10

 Spanish Explorer (Italian)
 First European since the Vikings to “Discover” the New World. (1492)
 3 ships: Niña, Pinta, Santa Maria

Front 11

• Francisco Pizarro

Back 11

 Chief lieutenant to Balboa
 Conquered the Inca Empire
 Governor of Peru
 Small pox guy

Front 12

• Hernando Cortez

Back 12

 Spanish Conquistador who defeated Aztec Empire
 Ricked Aztecs into believing he was a god
 Led expedition against Maya Empire

Front 13

• Bartholomew Dias

Back 13

 Navigator who discovered the Cape of Good Hope and named it
 Died at sea when his ship sunk in a squall.

Front 14

• Ferdinand Magellan (Portuguese)

Back 14

 First explorer to circumnavigate the Globe
 Filled by poisonous arrow—never finished voyage

Front 15

• King Henry VII

Back 15

 Started the Tudor

Front 16

• King Henry VIII

Back 16

 Married 6 wives
 Separated church of England from Roman Catholic church
 72,000 executions

Front 17

• Queen Elizabeth I

Back 17

 Tudor ended

Front 18

• Queen Victoria

Back 18

 Became Empress of India

Front 19

• Osman

Back 19

• Osman: legendary hero who set the new dynasty
 Founder of the Ottomans
 Led the ottomans: warrior for faith (Islam)
 Made the link between the 3 countries
 Very brave (fearless, discovered new regions)
 Expanded the empire to the west and north territories which were controlled by Christians

Front 20

• Suleiman

Back 20

• Suleiman: The most educated and wise sultans of the Ottoman history
 Extremely well educated and made great impacts on his empire
 Had great relationship with a Greek friend, Abrahim
 Took the throne after his father died when he was 26
 Had to contend with the disobedience of his generals and advisors
 He proved his strength in battle by being an efficient military leader when he conquered Rhodes Island

Front 21

• Oda Nabunaga

Back 21

 Began national unification
 Through military defeat and infamous violence, destroyed independent power of daimyo
 “Those who live by the sword, die by the sword”

Front 22

• Ieyesu Tokugawa

Back 22

 Defeated last independent daimyo
 Unified state for first time.
 New state: Tokugawa Shogunate

Front 23

• Denis Diderot

Back 23

 Published Encyclopedia (1751)—28 volumes

Front 24

• Jean Jacques Rousseau

Back 24

 “The Social Contract” (1762)
 Believes man is born with goodness inside.
 Society is what makes them evil. it enslaves people
 “Liberty, equality, fraternity”
 Becomes model of French revolution

Front 25

• Voltaire

Back 25

 Candide (1751)
 Philosophical Dictionary (1764)

Front 26

• Thomas Paine

Back 26

 Common Sense (1776)—major cause of American rebellion
 Written to farmers
 The Rights of Man (1791)—influenced France a lot.

Front 27

• John Locke

Back 27

 Believed man is basically rational and man can learn virtue
 Humans have free will
 Life, liberty, prosperity
 Important belief: government has unwritten contract with peopleSocial Contract Theory
 Monarchy is a terrible form of government
 Republic is best

Front 28

• Baron de Montesquieu

Back 28

 3 kinds of government in the World
 Monarchy
 Republic
 Despotism
 Separation of Powers
 “Checks and Balances” – 3 parts of government: money, law, and military.
 If there is a war, military should take care.  Money is also needed, so they needed law to organize it.

Front 29

• George Washington

Back 29

 Leader of ………..뭐있었는데-.-

Front 30

• King Henry IV

Back 30

 First bourbon monarch
 Renounced Protestantism and became Catholic in order to earn loyalty of his subjects
 Guaranteed religious liberties to Protestants thereby ending civil war in France
 Financed explorers
 Formed useful alliance with Ottmans
 Assassinated by a Catholic radical
 Disappeared head…ㅇ.ㅇ

Front 31

• King Louis XIV

Back 31

 The “Sun King”
 Became king at age 4
 Believed in “divine right of kings”
 Under him, France was leading European power and fought 3 major..
 Heavily patronized arts
 Established Absolute monarchy in France
 Persecuted Hugenots (French Protestants)1/4 fled France

Front 32

• King Louis XVI

Back 32

 “Accepted” the Constitution & the National Assembly
 Wife: Marie Antoinette

Front 33

• Marie Antoinette

Back 33

 Wife of Louis XVI
 Austrian princess
 “Let them eat cake!”-never said this
 Held banquets and parties frequently with taxes of commoners
 1775—1793 French Monarchy

Front 34

• Maximillian Robespierre

Back 34

 The mastermind of the Reign of Terror
 The leader of the Committee of Public Safety

Front 35

• Jean-Paul Marat

Back 35

 Inspired nationalism through right words
 Promised to defend the rights of a common man
 Keep people informed of the process of Convention

Front 36

• Tsar Nicholas II

Back 36

 Hereditary ruler of the Russian Empire with absolute power
 Excessive& luxurious lifestyle angered ppl starved ppl to death
 Last of the Romanov dynasty
 Weak man—his wife was more devoted
 Very good father(?)
 In Sept. 1915, he left for front and was killed.

Front 37

• Leon Trotsky

Back 37

 Important communist ideologist
 The October Revolution (November)
 Coupd’etat was planned by him, who had gained the confidence of army (“Red Miracle”)
 Brain
 The Russian state changed to Communist.
 A new Political Police, CHEKA, were created
 A revolutionary army, the RED ARMY, was created with Trotsky in charge.
 The Bolshevik Party was renamed the Communist Party in March 1918.

Front 38

• Kerensky

Back 38

 The February Revolution (March)
 Started b/c of food riots and strikes
 The Duma declared itself a Provisional Government.
 Granted amnesty to all political prisoners.
 Tsar II abdicated
 Became Prime Minister

Front 39

• Rasputin

Back 39

 Creepy hypnotizer who earned Alexandra’s trust and threw the Russian government into chaos.
 Completely is managed wartime economy
 Used hypnosis o “fakely” heal Alexis
 Assassinated in Dec. 1916

Front 40

• Vladimir Lenin

Back 40

 Returned to Russia in March of 1917
 Secretly aided by the Germans
 Used rhetoric that appealed to the people’s needs and wants:
 “Peace, Land, Bread”
 Preached WWI was nothing more than a capitalist/imperials war that offered no reward for peasants/workers
 The Bolshevik party membership exploded
 The October Revolution (November)
 Lenin was the ACTION
 Lenin consolidated his power by disbanding the Constituent Assembly (which had replaced Duma)
This officially terminated Russian Democracy.