Wfusm Neuro Lab And Blumenfeld

Front 1

Hemiballismus shows what clinical features and which side in relation to lesion

Back 1

wild flinging movements of extremities contralateral to lesion in the basal ganglia

Front 2

This motor system runs throughout the entire cord

Back 2

lateral corticospinal tract

Front 3

Main branches of internal carotid include

Back 3

Opthalamic
Posterior Communication
Anterior choroidal
Anterior Cerebral
Middle Cerebral

Front 4

The cortex on the medial surface from the frontal to anterior parietal lobes including the medial sensorimotor cortex is supplied by what artery?

Back 4

Anterior Cerebral Artery

Front 5

The cortex on the lateral frontal lobe is typically supplied by (does most of the dorsolateral part of the brain)

Back 5

The Middle Cerebral Artery

Front 6

The inferior medial temporal lobes and occipital cortex is supplied by what artery?

Back 6

The posterior cerebral

Front 7

In the saggital fissure and around the cingulate gyrus the blood supply is from?

Back 7

A2 a branch of the Anterior Cerebral Artery

Front 8

Deep nuclei in the brain are supplied by which artery

Back 8

MCA

Front 9

The caudate and putamen are supplied by what arteries?

Back 9

The head of the caudate and anterior part of the putamen- ACA
the body of the caudate and putamen- MCA
the tail of the caudate- Anterior Choroidal

Front 10

The basal ganglia and internal capsule get blood supply in general from this branch

Back 10

lenticulostriate from the MCA

Front 11

Territory of the Anterior Choroidal artery includes

Back 11

globus pallidus, putamen, thalamus, and posterior limb of internal capsule

Front 12

A lacunar infarct in either the lenticulostriate or anterior choroidal causes

Back 12

contralateral hemiparesis

Front 13

The anterior head of caudate and the nucleus accumbens is supplied with blood from

Back 13

Recurent Artery of Hubner

Front 14

The posterior limb of the internal capsule is supplied by

Back 14

Anterior Choroidal Artery

Front 15

The Anterior Choroidal Artery is a branch of

Back 15

direct branch of the ICA

Front 16

Structures in the diencephalon like the thalamus and hypothalamus are supplied by this artery

Back 16

Posterior Cerebral

Front 17

The calcarine fissure or primary visual cortex gets blood supply from

Back 17

PCA

Front 18

Axons of the optic nerve from both eyes synapse _laterally on pretectal neurons in the ____

Back 18

bilaterally on pretectal neurons in the superior colliculus of midbrain

Front 19

CN III exits the ventral brainstem in the ___ by which two arteries?

Back 19

Interpeduncular fossa
SCA and PCA

Front 20

Oculumotor palsy and damage to motor of consensual light reflex could be from an aneurysm to which arteries

Back 20

SCA and PCA

Front 21

A Marcus-Gunn pupil describes

Back 21

An afferent pupillary defect where the eye will fail to constrict when light stimulus is applied but will react consensual with light in good eye

Front 22

A pupillary constriction response that is markedly less to light stimulation than accomodation is called

Back 22

A light-near dissociation or an Argyl Robertson pupil

Front 23

3 classic signs of Horner's Syndrome

Back 23

ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis

Front 24

Ansicoria means

Back 24

pupillary asymmetry

Front 25

Does an UMN or LMN lesion spare the forehead?

Back 25

UMN

Front 26

UMN lesions that affect the face present as

Back 26

contralateral weakness below forehead

Front 27

A lesion of one of these 2 pathways would caused decreased corneal reflex

Back 27

trigeminal sensory, facial nerve on ipsilateral eye

Front 28

Right face, arm, and leg weakness with hyperrflexia and Babinski sign most likely represents damage to

Back 28

the Left Corticobulbar and Corticospinal tract of the internal capsule

Front 29

Major ouput nuclei of the basal ganglia circuitry (2)

Back 29

Globus Pallidus Internal and Substantia Nigra pars Raticulata

Front 30

Stimulating GPi will result in

Back 30

a decrease of motor activity

Front 31

Prominent portion of the striatum for planning and revising motor plans

Back 31

Putamen

Front 32

What projects dopamine to the striatum

Back 32

substantia nigra

Front 33

Neurotransmitter used by GPi

Back 33

GABA

Front 34

In the Direct pathway dopamine works on (D1 or D2 receptors) on spiny neurons in putamen that use (substance P or enkephalin) along with GABA

Back 34

Direct Pathway is D1 receptors and Substance P with GABA

Front 35

Why does loss of SNc neurons cause Parkinson's clinical features?

Back 35

Snc uses dopamine, without dopamine the direct pathway cannot be stimulated to make movement

Front 36

Indirect pathway uses substance P or enkephalin with GABA

Back 36

enkephalin with GABA

Front 37

Stimulation of STN on the GPi is normally restrained by

Back 37

GPe

Front 38

How is the indirect pathway inhibited in normal conditions

Back 38

Dopamine from SNc binds D2 receptors and inhibit their firing

Front 39

At the onset of Parkinson's is dementia evident?

Back 39

No. it may come about later but not always

Front 40

Why is carbidopa given with levodopa?

Back 40

Carbidopa is a decarboxylase inhibitor that cannot cross blood/brain barrier, it ensures that dopamine only goes to CNS and not periphery

Front 41

This drug works by inhibiting the breakdown of dopamine

Back 41

selegiline

Front 42

Patient with involuntary wild flinging movement in the right arm and leg likely has what clinical syndrome and where is the lesion

Back 42

likely hemiballismus
Problem with the indirect pathway, clinical localization- left STN or straitum

Front 43

What region of the brain are the nuclei for CN III IV and VI

Back 43

CN III and IV are in the midbrain
CN VI is in the caudal pons

Front 44

When the eye is ADDucted what pulls the eye up and down

Back 44

Superior and Inferior Oblique

Front 45

When the eye is ABDucted what pulls the eye up and down

Back 45

Superior and Inferior Rectus

Front 46

Findings in occulomotor palsy
Eye position
Eyelids
Pupil

Back 46

Eye is down and out
Eyelid droops because lavetor palpebrae is denervated
Pupil is Dilated and unresponsive

Front 47

Occulomotor palsy may result from aneurysm in which artery?

Back 47

PComm

Front 48

A painful occulomotor palsy that involves the pupil is a classic sign of

Back 48

aneurysm

Front 49

Verticle diplopia that worsens when the eye is Adducted is a sign of

Back 49

Trochlear Nerve Palsy

Front 50

In right trochlear nerve palsy the head is usually tilted

Back 50

down and to the left

Front 51

Horizontal diplopia is a sign of

Back 51

Abducens palsy

Front 52

Pontine infarcts can cause ipsi or contra lateral problems with the abducens

Back 52

ipsilateral

Front 53

Cortical injury can impair eye movement in ___ direction resulting in gaze preference ___ the side of injury

Back 53

impair movement in contralateral direction, gaze is toward the side of injury and away from the side of paralysis

Front 54

Right way eyes describe

Back 54

eyes move away from paralyzed side toward the cortical injury

Front 55

A lesion of the pons hits the gaze center ipsilateral or contralateral and the lateral cortical spinal tract before or after decussation

Back 55

ipsilateral, before decussation

Front 56

Describe wrong way eyes

Back 56

eyes move toward the paralyzed side away from the brainstem injury

Front 57

Fast phase saccades are distrubed by lesions in th

Back 57

frontal cortex

Front 58

CN III exits ___

Back 58

Ventral midbrain

Front 59

CN V exits

Back 59

Ventral Pons

Front 60

CN VI VII VIII exit

Back 60

Pontine/Medullary junction

Front 61

CN IX X XI XII exit

Back 61

ventral medulla

Front 62

In the ventricles the anterior horn extends into the

Back 62

Frontal Lobes

Front 63

The posterior horn of the ventricles extends into the

Back 63

occipital lobe

Front 64

The inferior horn of the lateral ventricle extends into the

Back 64

temporal lobe

Front 65

A weigert stain stains ___ black

Back 65

stains myelin fibers black so gray matter is left a lighter shade of gray

Front 66

Spinal trigeminal nucleus is located and conveys what information

Back 66

Located in medulla and caudal pons
relays pain

Front 67

The Cheif Trigeminal is located __ and conveys what information

Back 67

located in the middle of the pons, relays vibration

Front 68

The trigeminal motor nucleus is medial or latreal to the principal

Back 68

medial

Front 69

Where is the mesencephalic nucleus located and what does it relay

Back 69

located in midbrain
not a relay nucleus these synapse to convey proprioception

Front 70

Axons of retinal cells involved in pupillary light reflex enter what part of the brainstem and where do they terminate

Back 70

Superior Colliculus
terminate at pretectal nucleus

Front 71

Are seizures a problem with cortex subcortex brainstem or cerebellum

Back 71

Cortex