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109 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who were the first mountain men?
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the French fur trappers
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How much money did a fur trapper make annually?
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2,000 dollars ( a lot now )
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Were the fur trappers very sophisticated?
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no - they dropped out of society because they didn't like to be told what to do
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Who was Astor?
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a very influential fur trader who sailed around south america to Oregon and made Fort Astor
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Why did Astor make a lot of money in Oregon ( Fort Astor ) ?
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because Oregon was claimed by Russia, US, Brits, Spanish, and French - so Astor buys pelts from ALL of them ( including indians ) and gets VERY rich but then everything dies
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Who invented the rendezvous?
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Ashley
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What did Ashley do in his rendezvous?
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he sold EVERYTHING and got tons of money - his rendezvous was like a circus/party that lasted a week - and Ashley did this for years
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What ended the beaver trade?
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the pelts went out of style in England
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When did the beaver trade end?
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1836
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Who/what put William and Charles Bent out of business ( Fort Bent ) ?
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Beck Nell developed the Santa Fe Trail
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Who is the most famous mountain man?
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Jedidiah Smith
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When was the Louisiana Purchase?
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1803
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Why did we buy Florida?
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run away slaves went there so the gov got pressure from the plantation owners
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Who did we put in Florida when we bought it?
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Sicilians
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What were the ups and downs of moving to Texas?
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no taxes, you can have slaves, free land, BUT you have to give up your American citizenship and convert to Catholicism
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Why did Santa Ana not like the Americans being in Texas?
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they outnumbered the Mexicans 5 to 1
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What was Polk's Compromise?
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Texas is let in as a slave state and Oregon as a free state
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Who was Sam Houston?
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the president of Texas
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When was the Mexican American war?
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1845
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What are tehonos?
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Americans living in Mexico ( they overthrew the Mexican government )
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What were the two battles were Santa Ana slaughters many Americans?
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the Alamo and the Goliad
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What is like Trenton, only in the Mexican American War?
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San Jacinto
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In the Mexican American War, were was Santa Ana captured?
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San Jacinto
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What is the deal that is made when Santa Ana is captured in the Mexican American War?
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we will let Mexico go if he never touches Texas again, but we never say what Texas is so they see us on Texas and don't think thats Texas and kill 22 people, so we go to war
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Do we win the Mexican American War?
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yes - and we defeat an army 10x our size!
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Why do we win the Mexican American War?
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we have Robert E. Lee and moving cannons
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What is the treaty called at the end of the Mexican American War?
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Guadalupe Hidalgo
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When does the Mexican American War end?
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1848
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When did we purchase the Oregon territory?
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1846
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When and why do we have the Gadsten Purchase?
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1850s because we need flat land for the railroad
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When was the Alaska Purchase?
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1867
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When was the Hawaii Purchase? Why did we want it? How long does the negotiation take?
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1897; we wanted whale oil :(((( ; the negotiation takes 15 years
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When does the western movement start?
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1803
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Was there cotton in the west?
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yes - a TON!
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How long did it take to go to the west on a wagon?
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four months
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Where did they resupply ( on the Oregon Trail ) ?
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Ft. Laramie
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Which two mountain ranges do they have to cross on the Oregon Trail?
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the Rocky Mountains and the Sierras
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When was gold found if California?
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1848
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What nationality was Sutter?
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German Swiss
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What did Sutter and Marshall want?
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to build a cattle and timber kingdom
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What is the easiest way to get through the Rockies?
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South Pass
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What fraction of people died along the way on the Oregon Trail?
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1/8
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What was the MUCH more expensive and longer way to get to the west?
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take a ship around south america
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Was the food expensive in California?
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YES! a one dollar egg would cost 250 dollars today!
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Who finds gold in CO and when?
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Jackson and Russel; in 1858
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Who was Sam Brannon?
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gave the gold rush the boost it needed - shouting down the street
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When did Gold Fever truly start?
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1849
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What skill did women have to have in order to be successful in the west?
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domestic skills
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Who are the first people to go when gold is found? Second? And so on?
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first miners, then merchants, then prostitutes, then land speculators who try to buy out the miners, then the law
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What are the three ways to mine for gold?
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panning, hard-rock mining, and open ground mining
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Who was Tabor's first wife?
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Agusta
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Who was Tabor's second wife?
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Baby Doe
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What was Tabor's biggest and most successful mine?
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the Matchless
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What is the biggest open pit mine?
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Bissbee
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What percentage of people went out west on a wagon?
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90%
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Between what years was the railroad being built?
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1862-1869
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How much does a letter by Pony Express cost?
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$11
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Were the Pony Express riders paid a lot?
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YES - a ton
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What were our two mega forts in the west?
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Fort Laramie and Fort Union
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What was the first massacre and when?
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Gratton Massacre in 1854
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What was the Gratton Massacre about?
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a cow!
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When did the Civil War start?
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1862
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When was the Minnesota Massacre ( year the Civil War starts ) ?
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1862
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What was the Minnesota Massacre about?
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Little Crow - the treaty is broken by Us and they can't get food so raid the towns and almost 303 are killed only 39 are
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When was the Sand Creek Massacre?
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1862
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What was the Sand Creek Massacre about?
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Shivington is hero at La Glorietta Pass but once he sees everyone in Ray killed, he goes to a random Souix tribe ( chief is Black Kettle ) and kills them all
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What was the Fetterman Massacre about?
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the fort ( Red Cloud ) wood
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What is the plan Sherman, Sheridan, and Custer make to kill the indians?
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1. kill all buffalo, 2. make room for pioneers, and 3. declare war in winter only
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Who disobeyed orders so much, he got two court martials ( official ) ?
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Custer
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In the latter Souix wars, who is the chief and medicine man?
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Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull
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When was the Battle of Little Bighorn?
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1876
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Who is Custer's general in the Battle of Little Bighorn?
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Terry
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When was the first Adobe Walls Battle?
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1864
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What happened in the first Adobe Walls Battle?
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Kit Carson and another man's bet - man kills chief and they all run away
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What is the last battle of the Apache wars?
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the second Adobe Walls Battle
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What happens in the second Adobe Walls Battle?
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Cochise is invited to dinner and made fun of so gets beaten up - gets very mad and tortures white people for three days then throws them at the fort
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When is the actual last indian battle?
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with Geronomo - 1886
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Who is the man that made a cattle trail who is Scotch and Cherokee?
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Chism ( Chism Trail )
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Who puts the cattle drives out of business?
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McCoy and his railroad
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What are the major cattle trails? ( 6 )
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Goodnight and Loving's, Chism, Pacos, Sedalia, Western Trail, and Abeline
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Where was Geronomo kept in prison?
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Ft. Sil
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When were the cattle drives?
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1860-1885
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What put the cowboys out of business?
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McCoy's train and bad weather
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What were some major problems for the cowboys?
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indians, bandits, soldiers, rivers, and gangs
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What people were fighting in the Range Wars?
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at first, sheep people vs. cattle people - but then farmers vs. ranchers - farmers win
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What is the Homestead Act?
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you get 160 acres of land free, but you have to be an adult ( 21 ) who is the head of the house ( man or woman ) , you had to farm, live there for five years, and build a 10x10 house ( TINY )
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What were some problems of the sod houses?
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rain and bugs
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What are the seven characteristics of homesteaders? Who wrote the book?
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Turner wrote the book: brave, equality, resourceful, optimistic, self reliant, hospitable, and cooperative
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In the Oklahoma Land Rush, who are the boomers and who are the sooners?
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the boomers are the people who get to the land on time and the sooners are the cheaters who get there early
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Who is James Marshall?
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Sutter's engineer who found gold
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What is the big silver state and what is the huge mine there called and in what town?
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in Virginia City, Nevada - Comstock Mine
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What happened with the Battle of Wounded Knee?
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after Custer, army wants revenge - massacre indians and Soiux finally surrender
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Who was the Silver King of CO?
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Taber
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When was the Transcontinental Railroad joined?
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May 10, 1869
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What are the major gold states?
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CO, Georgia, California, and South Dakota ( the Black Hills )
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What country contributed to the cattle industry?
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the Spanish
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Why did the early pioneers avoid settling in the west at first?
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the Rocky and Sierrra Mountains and lack of trees and rain
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When was gold found in California?
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1849
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What was the east railroad called?
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the Central Pacific
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What was the west railroad called?
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the Union Pacific
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With what did indians move their supplies?
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a travois
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How long was the Sun Dance celebrated?
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four days
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What did the Dawes Act do?
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gave indians 160 acres per family and money for schools
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What were the first cowboys on our continent called?
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vaqueros
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What are the three Spanish words?
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lariat, chaps, and sombrero
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Who were the Exodusters?
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blacks who moved west after reconstruction
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Who invented the steel sod busting plow?
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Oliver
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What was used to pump water from hundreds of feet below ground?
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windmills
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What were the demands of the Populist Party? Which do we actually use today?
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an eight-hour work day, an income tax, a limit on immigration, and regulation of railroad rates - we actually use an eight hour workday and income tax
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