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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Sumer?
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the first organized civilization to control Mesopotamia
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Who was the first emperor of Mesopotamia and what was his significance?
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Sargon; he built the first unified empire ( it failed because of internal problems and external invasions )
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Who was the second power of mesopotamia?
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Babylon
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Who is Hammurabi?
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King of Babylon; Hammurabi's code; goals were to make Babylon secure, unify Mesopotamia, and win a place in Mesopotamian civilization for Babylon
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What caused Mesopotamia to become a civilization?
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development of agriculture
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What does Mesopotamia mean?
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land between two rivers
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What happened during the Second Intermediate period of Egypt?
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the Hyksos invasion occurred
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Who were the Hyksos and what did they do? When did they arrive?
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nomads looking for good land; they invaded and conquered Egypt; they introduced bronze-making and casting for tools; probably from Israel, arrived around 1800 B.C.
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Who was Ramses II and what did he do?
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an Egyptian pharaoh; during his reign, Egypt enjoyed a Golden Age with great wealth, internal peace, and successfulness in combat; he built extravagant temples, statues, monuments, and palaces; after his death, Egypt failed to sustain itself as an empire
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Who were the Sea Peoples?
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the nomads of the sea whose attacks and plundering destroyed parts of Egypt and left it weak and vulnerable; around 1100 B.C.
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Who were the Hittites?
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a group of Indo-European people who settled in modern-day Turkey and has a constant conflict with Egypt; they eventually tied and created a very strong peace agreement; also devastated by Sea Peoples
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Where did the Sea Peoples probably originate?
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the coast of Lebanon
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Who was Abraham?
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a Hebrew leader who was part of the Hapiru ( independent nomads ) ; father of Judaism; let his followers to settle in modern-day Israel
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Who was Moses?
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a Hebrew leader who was semi-mythical; leader of the Exodus; settled in Palestine and carved out a place
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Who was King David?
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a Hebrew leader who pushed out the Philistines; won Hebrews security and peace ( Solomon's dad )
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What were the three aspects of Judaism that were new among the Near East?
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1. Monotheism
2. the jews were forbidden to represent Yahweh ( or anything that could be worshipped ) in sculpture or painting 3. Yahweh's name could not be spoken |
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When were the Assyrians established?
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around 800 B.C.
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What made Assyria militaristic?
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war-like kings, aggressive and constantly fighting, conquered all old centers of power, very focused on conquering
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Which civilization developed the concept of engineers?
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Assyria
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Who were the Chaldeans?
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a group of new priests and kings that rose to power in Babylon during the Assyrian rule and led the outbreak; conquered Judah
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The domestication of horses is unique to what civilization?
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Persia
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Who was Cyrus the Great?
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a Persian emperor who defeated the Medes, freed the Jews to Palestine once again, conquered Lydia, Iran, Babylon, Mesopotamia, and Judah ( basically everything )
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Who were Darius and Xerxes?
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Persian leaders after Cambyses; carried Persian arms into India
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