Western Civ Test I

Front 1

first sign of coming out of the Greek dark ages

Back 1

Iliad and the Odyssey

Front 2

greek ideal shown in the iliad meaning excellence; be the best you can be

Back 2

arete

Front 3

city state

Back 3

polis

Front 4

stages of polises

Back 4

monarchy, oligarchy, monarchy (dictatorship), democracy

Front 5

main idea from the Greeks used today

Back 5

democracy

Front 6

reason Sparta is isolated

Back 6

take over Messinians they rebel and almost defeat sparta, sparta then makes them Helots, and are constantly worried about a slave revolt so they become defensive and isolated

Front 7

Messinian revolt causes

Back 7

the Spartans to be a backwards undeveloped society

Front 8

Solon

Back 8

put in power a place of power in Athens to make social changes such as make people citizens, cancel some debts

Front 9

father of democracy

Back 9

Cleisthenes, every free man is a citizen, clears the way for democracy

Front 10

Great Leader of Athens who rules their golden age

Back 10

Pericles

Front 11

under whom is the Parthenon built

Back 11

Pericles

Front 12

Pericle's main idea

Back 12

the average citizen can participate intelligibly in decision making

Front 13

caused the old Greek laws to be shredded

Back 13

the plague and decline of Athens after Pericles death

Front 14

Athens vs. Sparta

Back 14

Athens loses in Sicily

Front 15

scapegoat for the decline of Athens

Back 15

Socrates

Front 16

Battle of Marathon

Back 16

Persians vs. Greek city states, greeks win and persians go away for 10 years; NIke modern day marathon

Front 17

Thermopylae

Back 17

the 300, persians lose and go away

Front 18

alliance during the persian war

Back 18

Dillion league, athens wants to retain this and turn it into the Athenian Empire (sparta is not involved)

Front 19

point of persian war for Athens

Back 19

launches them into their golden age and imperialism

Front 20

war between Athens and Sparta

Back 20

Peloponnesian War

Front 21

what happens in the Peloponnesian war

Back 21

lasts 25 years, Sparta wins by directly attacking Athens, disease spreads through Athens, Athens is replaced by Sparta

Front 22

the point of the Peloponnesian war

Back 22

Greece is left vulnerable

Front 23

matter philospohers

Back 23

Miletus; first people to question the physical world and search for explanations

Front 24

the study of ethics

Back 24

sophism

Front 25

moral relativism

Back 25

the idea that there are no absolutes, there is no such thing as right or wrong

Front 26

what would the idea of moral relativism lead to

Back 26

anarchy, and athiesm

Front 27

reaction to moral relativism leads to these people

Back 27

socrates, plato, aristotle

Front 28

socrates

Back 28

focuses on ethics, opposes the sophists and supporters of moral relativism

Front 29

plato says 3 problems with democracy

Back 29

1) people may vote for others for the wrong reasons
2) if people lose self control, society will fall into chaos
3) demagogues- someone who uses your emotions to get what they want

Front 30

aristotle

Back 30

establishes biology; practical thinker

Front 31

father of medicine

Back 31

Hippocrates; theory that there are 4 substances in your body that must be in balance, if they are not then you are sick; disease is a natural cause

Front 32

father of history

Back 32

Herodotus, reduces the role of the gods

Front 33

second historian who removes the gods

Back 33

Thucydides

Front 34

Macedonia's conquest of greece

Back 34

King philip wants more and plans to take over greece, but he dies and Alexander becomes king

Front 35

Alexander the great

Back 35

never has enough, conquerers greece, egypt, persia, and makes it all the way to India

Front 36

alexander's death causes the empire to be broken into 3 main parts

Back 36

Ptolemies- Egypt
Antigonids- Greece
Seleucids- Asia

Front 37

character of Alexander

Back 37

honored, feared, loved, hated, worshiped; intelligent and accomplishes so much, taught by aristotle

Front 38

diff between the Hellenic and the hellenistic periods

Back 38

Alexander

Front 39

helenic

Back 39

classical greek, literature and architecture

Front 40

hellenistic

Back 40

blend of classical greek and asian

Front 41

philosophers of the hellenistic period

Back 41

Epicureans- passive, avoid trouble
stoics- active, change what you can, we are all alike (diversity)

Front 42

first great age of science

Back 42

hellenistic

Front 43

library in Alexandria

Back 43

the knowledge of the ancient world

Front 44

Greek scientists (Hellenistic)

Back 44

Aristarchus- heliocentrism (sun is center)
Euclid- textbook of geometric principles
Eratosthenes- calculates the circumference of the earth
Archimedes- discovers many simple machines