Western Civ (Second Half)

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Deism

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the belief that a good created the universe but remains distance and apathetic

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Nicolas Copernicus

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a Renaissance mathematician and astronomer who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than the Earth at the center of the universe

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GailieoGalilei

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Italian astronomer, physicist, engineer, philosopher, and mathematician who played a major role in the scientific revolution during the Renaissance.

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Isaac Newton

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an English physicist and mathematician who is widely recognized as one of the most influential scientists of all time and a key figure in the scientific revolution.

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Enlightenment

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a European intellectual movement of the late 17th and 18th centuries emphasizing reason and individualism rather than tradition. It was heavily influenced by 17th-century philosophers such as Descartes, Locke, and Newton, and its prominent exponents include Kant, Goethe, Voltaire, Rousseau, and Adam Smith.

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Philosophies

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public intellectuals who applied reason to the study of many areas of learning, including philosophy, history, science, politics, economics, and social issues.

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"The Age ofReason"

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an influential work written by English and American political activist Thomas Paine. It follows in the tradition of eighteenth-century British deism, and challenges institutionalized religion and the legitimacy of the Bible

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John Locke

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an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "Father of Liberalism"

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Montesquieu

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a French lawyer, man of letters, and political philosopher who lived during the Age of Enlightenment.

Front 10

Voltaire

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a French Enlightenment writer, historian, and philosopher famous for his wit, his attacks on the established Catholic Church, and his advocacy of freedom of religion, freedom of expression, and separation of church and state.

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Rousseau

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a Francophone Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer of the 18th century. His political philosophy influenced the Enlightenment in France and across Europe, as well as aspects of the French Revolution and the overall development of modern political and educational thought.

Front 12

JonathanSwift

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remembered for works such as Gulliver's Travels, A Modest Proposal, A Journal to Stella, Drapier's Letters, The Battle of the Books, An Argument Against Abolishing Christianity and A Tale of a Tub. He is regarded by the Encyclopædia Britannica as the foremost prose satirist in the English language

Front 13

Mercantilism

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belief in the benefits of profitable trading; commercialism.

Front 14

Physiocrats

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is an economic theory developed by a group of 18th century Enlightenment French economists who believed that the wealth of nations was derived solely from the value of "land agriculture" or "land development" and that agricultural products should be highly priced.

Front 15

Adam Smith- TheWealth of Nations

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the book offers one of the world's first collected descriptions of what builds nations' wealth and is today a fundamental work in classical economics. By reflecting upon the economics at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, the book touches upon such broad topics as the division of labour, productivity, and free markets.

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Laissez-faire

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a policy or attitude of letting things take their own course, without interfering.

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Frederick the Great

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was King of Prussia from 1740 until 1786.[1] Frederick's achievements during his reign included his military victories, his reorganization of Prussian armies, his patronage of the Arts and the Enlightenment in Prussia, and his final success against great odds in the Seven Years' War.

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Catherine the Great

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was the most renowned and the longest-ruling female leader of Russia

Front 19

Frenchand Indian War

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the North American theater of the worldwide Seven Years' War. The war was fought between the colonies of British America and New France, with both sides supported by military units from their parent countries of Great Britain and France, as well as Native American allies.

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American Revolution

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The American Revolution was a political upheaval that took place between 1765 and 1783 during which colonists in the Thirteen American Colonies rejected the British monarchy and aristocracy

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Louis XVI

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King of France from 1774 until his deposition in 1792, although his formal title after 1791 was King of the French. He was guillotined on January 21, 1793.

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Esates General

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a general assembly representing the French estates of the realm: the clergy (First Estate), the nobles (SecondEstate), and the common people (ThirdEstate).

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Cahiers de doleance

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were the lists of grievances drawn up by each of the three Estates in France, between March and April 1789, the year in which a revolutionary situation began.

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National Assembly

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During the French Revolution, the National Assembly (French: Assemblée nationale), which existed from June 13, 1789 to July 9, 1789, was a revolutionary assembly formed by the representatives of the Third Estate (the common people) of the Estates-General; thereafter (until replaced by the Legislative Assembly on Sept. 30, 1791) it was known as the National Constituent Assembly (French: Assemblée nationale constituante), though popularly the shorter form persisted.

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Tennis Court Oath

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The Tennis Court Oath was a pivotal event during the first days of the French Revolution. The Oath was a pledge signed by 576 of the 577 members from the Third Estate who were locked out of a meeting of the Estates-General on 20 June 1789.

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Bastille

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a fortress in Paris

Front 27

Declaration of theRights of Man and Citizen

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passed by France's National Constituent Assembly in August 1789, is a fundamental document of the French Revolution and in the history of human and civil rights.[1] The Declaration was directly influenced by Thomas Jefferson, working with General Lafayette, who introduced it.

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27 August 1789

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date of the end of the french revolution