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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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God
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-Delegates land to make sure King takes care of his people
-Conditional property rights -Paternalistic -Provide protection for those beneath him |
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Monarchy
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-Absolute power
-makes sure everyone worships God -provide protection for those beneath -Passed down from Father to Son |
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Aristocracy
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In exchange for control of those under them
-Loyal to Monarch -Owe military service to monarch -contribute wealth to monarch |
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Peasants
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In exchange for their little share of land
-owe military service to aristocracy -take care of roads |
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Clergy
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-Mouthpiece for news, spreads word
-clergy spread throughout hierarchy -God is where monarch's power comes from |
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Craftsmen
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-made up about 10% of society
-had a contract (charter) with aristocracy - |
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Master
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-Not responsible for for housing journeymen or apprentices
-divided shops between towns |
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Journeyman
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-no shop, worked for someone else
-no contract that governs them -work for a daily wage |
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Apprentice
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sweep floors, dirty work
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James VI
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Came to England, became James I and practiced Catholicism
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Charles I
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Took over after James I died, called Parliament to make larger taxes
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Triennial Act
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Parliament to be called every 3 years by Monarch
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Petition of Right
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-Only parliament can tax
-Parliament has separate rights from the monarchy -Charles I hated this |
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English Civil War (1642-1649)
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Cavaliers (loyalists) vs. Roundheads (loyal to Parliament)
-Roundheads led by Cromwell -Monarchy dead -Regicide |
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Charles II
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-Came to power after Cromwell's death
-Caters to Parliamentary desires -Aristocrats had limited property rights -Charlies II made it possible for absolute property rights |
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James II
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-Came to power after Charles II
-Catholic - |
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Agricultural Revolution
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-Seed Driller
-Plough pulled by horse -Fertilizer -Roads built (trade surplus) |
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Scientific Revolution
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-Empiricism (Bacon, Descartes)
-Ptolemy, Galileo, Newton |
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Enlightenment (1690)
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-Locke begins writing
-Old Regime paternalism challenged -Bentham: "Avoid pain, seek pleasure" |
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Adam Smith
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-Lose economic monopoly structures
-Wealth of Nations -order to society, wealth to nation -Competition is good |
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Bentham
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-Justice
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Rousseau
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politics
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Voltaire
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-society
-freedom of speech, religion, etc. |
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Consequences of Enlightenment
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-Radical ideas -> Revolution
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Enlightened Despotism
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-Rulers incorporating enlightenment ideas
-Catherine the Great -Frederick the Great (Germany) -put law above himself |
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First Estate
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-Clergy (130,000)
-10% land -no government at national level |
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Second Estate
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-Aristocracy (350,000)
-30% land -tax increase by 40% Louis XVI |
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Third Estate
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-Everyone else (27.5 million, 22 million of which were peasants)
-60% land -Peasantry pays taxes to France, but no representation |
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Assembly of Notables
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Louis XVI asked them to appeal to clergy and aristocracy to pay taxes, but they refused
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Estates General
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-Began sparks of French Revolution
-Each estate gets 300 reps -met in Versailles -Tax only peasants -Third Estate is EVERYTHING (most populous) -Third Estate grows to 600 reps -Third Estate renamed National Assembly |
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July 14, 1789
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-Bastille taken over
-Support for French Revolution grows -King orders Second Estate to join National Assembly |
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Declaration of Rights of Man
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-Similar to Declaration of Independence
-keep king, establish constitutional monarchy |
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Summer 1791
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-Constitution finished, favored aristocracy and monarchy
-Only "Active Citizens" could vote (must make a certain amount of money/certain amount of property) -Gave power to those who already had power -Louis XVI flees |
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September 22, 1792
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-Radical Republic
-National Convention declared France a republic -Universal male suffrage -Tried to get rid of Catholicism -destroyed many churches - |
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Second Phase of French Revolution
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-Radical phase
-Terror -Defend from Austria, Russia, England -Defend from loyal monarchists -Industrialization is slow |
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1799
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-End of French Revolution
-Napoleon gained prominence |
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1804
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-Napoleon crowned himself Emperor
-No need for divine right |
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Napoleonic Code
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-Established religious tolerance
-absolute sense of property ownership -Later decided to boycott England -Men owned wives |
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1812
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-Napoleon attacks Russia
-Russia burns everything, Napoleon's men have little supplies -Napoleon loses, exiled to Mediterranean |
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Louis XVIII
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-Came to power after Napoleon, renamed himself Louis XVII
-keeps Napoleon's administrative reform policies -Despised Enlightenment, threw Voltaire's remains in a dump as a response |
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Charles X
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-Divine Right
-property to aristocracy -Charles dissolves Chamber of Deputies -Succeeded by Louis Philippe |
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Louis Philippe
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-Bourgeois king
-Expanded vote from 100k to 200k -Lower bourgeoisie didn't get vote -1848, flees -> Provisional Government |
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Industrial Revolution
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-Development of new sources of energy
-New steam engine, coal fields -development of factories anywhere -First and quickest to occur in England |
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Corn Laws (1815)
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-Created an import tax on grain
-made imported grain at least as expensive as domestic grain -Commoners and middle-class factory owners dislike this -Bourgeoisie unhappy - |
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1832 Reform Act
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-Electorate expanded from 500,000 to 813,000 men
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1838
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-Anti-Corn Law League
-Richard Cobden led -1846, Corn Law REPEALED -Bourgeoisie could not enjoy free trade |
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Liberalism
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-Ideals of the Free Market
-society forms a natural order, individuals could take care of themselves -Smith: Economic Liberalism -Mill: Political, Cultural, Economic Liberalism -Pursue self-interest = good |
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John Stuart Mill
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-Liberal
-Said women should vote, be regarded more equally to men |
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Six Acts
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-Military drilling by anyone other than army or militia FORBIDDEN
-Government able to search houses for guns -Stamp tax on newspapers |
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Chartists
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-Wrote charter that included 6 main reform demands
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Chartist Demands
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1 - Universal Male Suffrage
2 - Annual elections in House of Commons 3 - Equal Electoral Districts 4 - Abolition of property requirement to sit on House of Commons 5 - Salaries for members of House of Commons 6 - Secret Ballot |
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Democratization
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-Accountability in government
-Equalize voting districts - People could now see who voted for what |
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1867
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-Electorate expanded from 813,000 to 1.6 million
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Socialism
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-Workers
-Revolutionary against Liberal free market -Marx |
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Natural Workshops
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-State supported collectivist group of manufacturing
-manufactured good (furniture) -Social gathering sessions -Shift of conservatism - Felt taxes being paid for nothing, attacked Council |
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Napoleon III
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-began to liberalize gradually
-Remained in power until 1870 -France goes to war against Prussia |
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Congress of Vienna
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-Declared what to do after Napoleon
-Stuck with a lot of Napoleonic decisions |
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1815-1848 Germany
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-very conservative period
-Formed a Balance of Power -depends on countries being able to defend themselves |
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1846-1847 Depression
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-Fungus attacked crops
-Shit really sucked |
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Otto von Bismarck
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-Committed to serving the state
-Hated Austria |
