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524 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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OHS Stands for what? |
Occupational Health and Safety |
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OHS provides workers with a what?
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Minimum legal standard for workers health and safety |
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What are the three type of hazard controls?
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engineering controls, administrative controls, Personal Protective Equipment
650101a pg 4 |
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Define Engineering controls.
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equipment engineered and implemented to reduce or eliminate exposure to chemical or physical hazards at the source. |
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Define administrative controls?
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safe work practices, scheduling work to limit worker exposure to hazardous conditions or substances and safety policies and rules
650101a pg 4 |
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Define personal protective equipment (PPE)
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clothing and equipment designed to reduce your exposure to a known hazard. |
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What does Bill C-45 state?
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The bill states that representatives must do everything reasonable to protect all workers from injury or death.
650101a pg 6 |
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Who can face fine or imprisonment under Bill C-45?
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Employers and/or their representatives
650101a pg 6 |
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Your employer must set up safe work practices at the worksite and ensure that employees adhere to these practices. a)True b)False
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a)True
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Name two key responsibilities of the employee.
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report any hazardous situations to the supervisor
-report all injuries immediately -wear all required PPE ensure in good condition -inspect all equipment, tools, and machinery before use -participate in regularly scheduled work site safety planning meetings -ensure you know and follow emergency procedures -do not perform any work you feel unsafe 650101a pg 9 |
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What is the law that requires you to refuse unsafe work but prevents you from receiving disciplinary action by your employer.
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The Occupational Health and Safety Act. 650101a pg 8 |
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What can generic worker training include in regards to whimia? |
a general introduction to WHMIS |
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Your employer is responsible to provide training to all employees in what? |
WHMIS training
650101a pg 12 |
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What are the three elements of fire? |
fuel
air ignition 650101a pg 12 |
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Employees are responsible for what in regards to WHIMIS? |
-participating in training
-using information obtained to protect yourself and others -applying workplace labels where and when required -demonstrating and applying safe work procedures 650101a pg 12 |
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What do engineering controls include?
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-elimination---(Eli) |
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What do administrative controls include |
-safe work practices, job procedures, policies, rules
-work/rest schedules to reduce exposure -limiting hours of work -scheduling hazardous work to limit exposure to other workers -wet methods 650101a pg 19 |
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Name two tools for assessing and controlling workplace hazards?
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-hazard assessment reports
-checklists -health and safety plans -emergency response plans -first aid records and incident reports 650101a pg20 |
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How long must an employer keep a first aid report?
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three years
650101a pg 25 |
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OHS requires an emergency response plan to be what?
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in writing and available to workers.
650101a pg 26 |
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What is the type of first aid equipment based on?
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-how hazardous the work is |
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What are 2 points to help keep your work place safe, clean and organized
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collect and dispose of garbage
-store tools and machinery properly - Store supplies and materials properly -store hazardous materials securely -Sweep & Clean -wear PPE -wipe up all spills immediately -650101a pg 29 |
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Your employer must ensure all workers wear and use the required PPE a)True b)False
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b)True
650101a pg 32 |
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Is your employer required to provide you with respiratory protective equipment
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yes
650101a pg 40 |
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What must your inspection of your harness ensure?
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Free from substances that could cause it to fail. 650101b pg 6
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Who is in charge of making sure you inspect your harness?
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Your employer
650101b pg 6 |
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Any fall arrest that has that has stopped a fall can continue being used. A)True b)False
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b)false
fall arrest that has been in a fall must be removed from service until an recertified by an engineer or manufacture representative. 650101b pg 6 |
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Where must you never work from on a ladder unless permitted by manufacture’s specifications?
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the top two rungs
650101b pg 7 |
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What does the double stepladder have?
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It has steps on both sides. 650101b pg 7
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What are twin stepladders sometimes used in conjunction with?
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planks or aluminum stages. |
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How do you determine the proper angle of a ladder?
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1 horizontal length for every 4 vertical height
650101b pg 8 |
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What is the minimum overlap of an extension ladder? |
1 meter
650101b pg 8 |
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Your employer under what regulation is required to train you in the safe operation of equipment?
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OHS Regulation
650101b pg 11 |
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Does Alberta have a law regulating the maximum weight a worker can lift?
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No
650101b pg 14 |
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What does rigging a load involve?
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-the weight
-the centre of gravity -start location of the load -end location of the load 650101b pg 21 |
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What is the safety ratio for general rigging and hoisting
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5:1
650101b pg 24 |
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What is the safety ratio for lifting and transporting workers |
10:1
650101b pg 24 |
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What is the safety factor used for public elevators?
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20:1
650101b pg 24 |
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What causes shock loading?
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any sudden movement of the load by the hoisting equipment.
650101b pg 24 |
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What do load softeners do?
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limits the possibility of kinking or cutting a sling.
650101b pg |
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What will slings not do to polished or delicate surfaces?
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Mar,deface or scratch
650101b pg 25 |
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Slings are highly elastic which makes them better for absorbing what?
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shock loads
650101b pg 25 |
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What is a chains safety factor?
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the comparison between minimum working load and working load limit.
650101b pg 28 |
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What should the legs of a sling bridal never exceed?
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45°
650101b pg 32 |
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The steeper the angle on a bridal sling the higher the what?
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higher the tension.
650101b pg 33 |
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What must wire slings be inspected for?
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-wear
-fatigued wire -crushed or broken wires -kinks -ballooning -bird caging -any sign of heat damage 650101b pg 29 |
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Should damaged rigging equipment continue to be used?
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No
650101b pg 29 |
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If a sling shows signs of stretching what is to be done with it?
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it should be discarded
650101b pg 30 |
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What must chain hooks have stamped on them?
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load ratings in tons.
650101b pg 30 |
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What are some things to check for on links of a chain sling?
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-kinked & gouged links
-bent links -twisted links -stretched link -lifted fins(fingernailing) 650101b pg 30 |
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What are some things you should check for on a chain hook?
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-cracks and twisting
-wear and deformation - signs of opening up -wear 650101b pg 30 |
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What is centre of gravity?
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point at which all an objects weight is considered to be concentrated.
650101b pg 33 |
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What does centre of gravity influence when lifting?
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influences the balance of the object.
650101b pg 33 |
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What is the minimum lifting angle for sling legs? |
60°
650101b pg 33 |
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What four steps do you use to measure if your sling angle is acceptable?
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1.measure the length of the sling legs an fittings |
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What degree should an eyebolt be lifted at? why?
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90° |
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What is the most common type of shackle used? |
anchor type with a screw pin
650101b pg 35 |
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What are the 4 parts of a hook?
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-eye
-neck -saddle -throat 650101b pg 36 |
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What happens to the safe working load as the load is moved towards the hook tip?
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it is reduced
650101b pg 37 |
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If a chain hook is not fitted with a safety latch what must it have?
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Mousing
650101b pg 37 |
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What chain hooks are exempt from having a safety latches?
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grab chains and sorting hooks
650101b pg 37 |
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What are spreader bar used for?
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-used to reduce severe sling angles
-provide safety for difficult lifts 650101b pg 38 |
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Where are rope blocks typically used?
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overhead hoists and cranes
650101b pg 39 |
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What doe sheaves do on a wire rope block?
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transfer the load from the rope to the centre pin and straps. |
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What situation is a snatch block used in?
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Where the situation requires a change in direction of pull on a wire rope, but does not provide mechanical advantage
650101b pg 40 |
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What is the sheave?
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the part of the block that carries the rope
650101b pg 41 |
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The OHS code provides requirements for operating equipment able to lift how much?
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2000 kg or more (mobile cranes, boom trucks, and tower cranes)
650101b pg 43 |
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Tag line enables what?
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control to maneuver a load while keeping a safe distance
650101b pg 44 |
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Where are taglines generally connected to a load?
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to a corner of the load
650101b pg 44 |
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A vertical hitch allows for what?
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the load can equal the safe working load of the sling
650101b pg 44 |
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What does a bridal hitch give you when the load is distributed equally among all sling legs?
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excellent load stability
650101b pg 45 |
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Where must the hook be over even if a load is not balanced?
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over the centre of gravity
650101b pg 45 |
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What is a double wrap basket hitch
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where the sling is wrapped completely around the load
650101b pg 48 |
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What is good about a double wrap basket hitch?
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-makes 360° of contact
-pulls loads together 650101b pg 48 |
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A double wrap basket hitch is good to move?
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smooth material
-loose material -cylindrical objects (hydraulic cylinders or pipe) 650101b pg 48 |
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Why is a single choker hitch not recommended for lifting loose bundles?
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they do not make 360° contact with the load.
650101b pg 48 |
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Which way should hooks be facing on a double choker hitch?
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outward
650101b pg 49 |
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Double wrap choker hitch tends to draw loads tightly together.
A)True B)false |
A) True
650101b pg 49 |
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When is the signalman required to signal the operator?
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-the operator cannot see the load or landing area
-its difficult for the operator to judge distance -boom within reach of electrical lines -operator does not have clear view of travel path 650101b pg 50 |
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A signalman should what?
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-have a clear view of the operator
-have a clear view of the object and it’s path -be out of the objects travel path 650101b pg 50 |
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What does WHMIS stand for?
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Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System
650101c pg 2 |
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What is WHMIS designed to ensure?
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Designed to ensure workers have the information to safely work with hazardous materials at the workplace.
650101c pg 2 |
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What is a controlled product?
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any product, material, or substance that is identified in the Federal Government’s Controlled Products Regulations.
650101c pg 2 |
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Suppliers, employers, and employees all have specific responsibilities under WHMIS to what?
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Ensure those working with hazardous products are not only informed of the danger, but also informed of the precautions that need to be taken when working around these products.
650101c pg 2 |
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The supplier is responsible, as a condition of sale to what?
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-classify controlled products
-label controlled products -provide MSDS sheets 650101c pg 3 |
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Name two things a suppliers label has on it?
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-product identifier
-supplier identifier -hazardous symbols -statement that an MSDS is available -risk phrase -precautionary statement -first aid measures 650101c pg 3 |
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What must employers ensure in regards to WHMIS responsibility?
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-every container has a supplier or workplace label
-MSDS are readily available -workers are trained to understand the hazards and apply safe handling information provided 650101c pg 4 |
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WHMIS training for employees must include how to?
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-interpret supplier labels, workplace labels and MSDS
-safely handle, use and store controlled products used in the workplace -safely dispose of used controlled products -respond to a spill or leak of a controlled product -interpret visible identification systems 650101c pg 4 |
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In terms of WHMIS an employee is responsible to what?
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-participate in WHMIS training
-use information obtained to protect yourself and others -prepare and apply workplace labels where and when required -report where labels have become detached, damaged or unreadable. 650101c pg 4 |
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When dangerous goods are being transported what regulations apply?
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Transportation of Dangerous Goods Regulations
650101c pg 5 |
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What is a class A hazard?
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Compressed gas
650101c pg 6 |
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What is the best protection to keep toxic chemicals out of the body?
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by handling them properly.
650101c pg 15 |
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What are the three key elements of WHMIS?
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-Worker education,
-product labeling -Material Safety data sheets(MSDS) |
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Is your employer responsible to test your WHMIS knowledge?
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yes
650101c pg 17 |
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What are the four characteristics of a supplier label?
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-Identifiable cross-hatched boarder
-label must be a different color from the container -size should be appropriate - text must be in English & French 650101c pg 18 |
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When is a workplace label not required on a container(transferred from supplier container)?
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-when the containers substance is being used by one employee
- will be used up by the one employee within the one work shift 650101c pg 19 |
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Whose responsibility is it to ensure the correct information is put on a workplace label?
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the employee
650101c pg 19 |
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Who must provide an MSDS sheet?
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the supplier
650101c pg 22 |
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How old can an MSDS Sheet be?
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No more than three years old
650101c pg 22 |
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When gas cylinders are not in a transport cart or being used where should be?
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Secured to a wall or storage compartment.(must have valve cover installed)
650101c pg 28 |
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A gas storage container must be what?
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-secured to prevent dislodging
-adequate ventilation 650101c pg 28 |
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Where should flammable liquids or compressed gas not be transported ever?
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The cab or trunk of any vehicle.
650101c pg 28 |
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In most welding shops, the ventilation system should change the air how many times per hour?
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four time
650101c pg 31 |
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What does a flexible ducting system allow?
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Allows you to position the hood in the most effective position to remove fumes.
650101c pg 32 |
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What happens to the risk of explosion when working in containers, vessels, or confined spaces?
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Increases dramatically.
650101c pg 34 |
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What do portable gas detectors do?
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Monitors the air continually.
650101c pg 35 |
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What must a watch person do?
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must see and communicate with you
-must be able to implement the rescue plan 650101c pg 35 |
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What are Class A fires? |
Wood and paper
650101c pg 38 |
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What are Class B Fires? |
Flammable liquids |
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What are Class C fires? |
Electrical equipment
650101c pg 38 |
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What are class D fires? |
Combustible metals
650101c pg 38 |
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What are class K fires? |
Combustible cooking media |
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What class of fire is each method good for? |
a)A |
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What does PASS stand for?
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-Pull the pin
-Aim -Squeeze -Sweep 650101c pg 44 |
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What is the Alberta Industry training Boards primary responsibility?
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Establishing the standards and requirements for training and certification in programs.
650401a pg 3 |
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What are two principles of the board
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-Accessible
-Funded by all -Industry Driven -supported by Government -Collaborative -Integrated 650401a pg 5 |
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What is a post secondary institution roll in the apprenticeship program?
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To deliver technical training as described in the course outline established by the industry.
650401a pg 8 |
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What does PAC stand for?
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Provincial Apprenticeship Committee
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What do PACs do?
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Monitor the activities of local apprenticeship committees in their trade
650401a pg 9 |
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What are PACs responsible making recommendations to the board about?
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Training and certification requirements and standards for their trade.
650401a pg 9 |
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What does LAC stand for?
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Local Apprenticeship committees
650401a pg 10 |
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Disputes between an apprentice and employer that cannot be handle by an apprenticeship client service consultant are handled by who?
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Local apprenticeship committee.
650401a pg 10 |
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What do LACs make recommendations to the board about?
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The appointment of members to their trade’s PAC’s
650401a pg 10 |
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What are the three types of radiant energy?
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-visible light
-ultraviolet rays -infrared rays 120101e pg 2 |
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What is arc flash?
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When your eyes are burned by ultraviolet rays.
120101e pg 2 |
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What is another name for arc flash?
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-welding flash
-arc eye 120101e pg 2 |
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Why should you see a specialist after arc flash occurs?
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to make sure no foreign objects lodged in your eyes.
120101e pg 3 |
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What can overexposure to ultraviolet radiation lead too?
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Skin cancer
120101e pg 3 |
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What effect can extended exposure to infrared rays do to your eyes?
|
Can cause Cataracts
120101e pg 3 |
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What is a common cause of deep burns?
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metal at temperatures lower than red hot
120101e pg 5 |
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What should all metal surfaces be treated as?
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a possible source of burns(HOT)
120101e pg 5 |
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What is the rule of metal in a shop?
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-treat everything as
-mark as all hot metal as HOT 120101e pg 5 |
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What do you do if your clothing catches fire?
|
Stop, Drop, & Roll
120101e pg 5 |
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What is noise defined as?
|
Unwanted noise
120101e pg 6 |
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What are major contributors to hearing loss?
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-work site overall noise level
-frequency distribution of the noise -duration of the noise exposure during the work day -time distribution of the noise exposure -susceptibility of the individual to noise-induced hearing loss 120101e pg 6 |
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What are the two warning signs of high noise levels?
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-you have to raise your voice to a person a meter or less away
-you develop a ringing or buzzing sound in your ears 120101e pg 7 |
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What is the decibel level of:
a)conversational speech b)riveting a steel tank c)Jet plane |
a)65
b)130 c)140 120101e pg 7 |
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What is the maximum amount of time you can be exposed to:
a)100 dBA b)112 dBA c)115 dBA |
a)15 mins
b)56 sec c)0 seconds |
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What is the maximum permitted sound level for an 8 hour day?
|
85 dBA
120101e pg 8 |
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If after cutting or welding
A)You see light spots your lens is to what? B)You see dark spots your lens is to what? |
A)light
B)Dark 120101e pg 10 |
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What do you want your welding shade to do?
|
eliminate glare but allow you to see your work distinctly
120101e pg 11 |
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What does the gasket help prevent the filter plate from doing? How?
|
Cracking
provides an air space 120101e pg 12 |
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What do the clear plate on the outside and inside of the filter plate do?
|
-protect the filter plate from slag and spatter
-protects you if the plate shatters 120101e pg 12 |
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Excessive heat to concrete floors can cause it to what?
|
Explode
120101e pg 13 |
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What can leathers lead to in warm weather?
|
over heating
120101e pg 14 |
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Why should you not wear synthetic such as polyester and nylon?
|
tends to melt can possible catch fire and melt to your skin
120101e pg 15 |
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What does a face piece?
|
a close seal to the face
120101e pg 16 |
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What respirator is a close seal to the face important for?
|
negative pressure respirators
120101e pg 16 |
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If there is more than one user of a respirator what should you do to it before using it?
|
Disinfect it |
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Where should airline respirators be used?
|
Oxygen deficient atmospheres and where toxic gas is
120101e pg 18 |
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What can cadmium fumes cause?
|
kidney damage and emphysema
120101e pg 21 |
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What is Occupational exposure limit?
|
maximum concentration of a hazardous substance that a healthy person can be exposed to without suffering adverse health effects
120101e pg 23 |
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What is the maximum ppm of H2S per 8 hours of exposure?
|
10 ppm
120101e pg 24 |
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At what level can H2S cause immediate unconsciousness and can result in death?
|
700 ppm(0.07%)
120101e pg 25 |
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What is a ground fault circuit interrupter?
|
a device that senses when current is traveling through a body and breaks that circuit in 1/40 of a second |
|
|
what are the major electrical rescue procedures? |
-alert the proper autorities -act quickly -use adequate insulation if conductor must be moved -make sure people at heights don't fall |
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When locking out something what does the tag do? |
shows the owners name and date the lock was put on |
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Who is the only person allowed to remove a lockout?
|
the person who put it on
120101e pg 33 |
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What must you be aware of no matter where you work?
|
hazards around you(flammables or energized equipment)
|
|
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How long must a fire watch person stay after work is completed?
|
Sixty minutes
120101e pg 36 |
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When welding in a confined space the hazards what?
|
Increase (heat, noise, suffocation, electric shock, etc.)
120101e pg 38 |
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Where should torches be ignited when working inside a confined space?
|
outside
120101e pg 38 |
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Why should you use extreme caution when working on boxed in pipe or tubing or equipment frames?
|
build up of oil can form an explosive mixture
120101e pg 39 |
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What is the cheapest method of rendering a container safe?
|
steaming
120101e pg 40 |
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What are the three methods of rendering a container safe?
|
-boiling in a caustics solutions
-inert gas purging -steaming 120101e pg 40 |
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When should a container be welded after being steamed?
|
right away
120101e pg 41 |
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If steaming is stopped for any reason what must happen before you can start again?
|
you must wait for the container to completely cool
120101e pg 42 |
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What should you do before you ever start any process on a container?
|
use a sniffer to check for gasses in the container
120101e pg 42 |
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Testing work atmosphere is the responsibility of who?
|
the employer (istruments must be designed for the job)
120101e pg 44 |
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When can a worker be under a suspended load?
|
when the load is supported by a vehicle hoist or stand or blocks designed for that purpose
|
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A portable ladders base must be no further from the base of a wall than?
|
one quarter of the distance between the base of the latter and the point where the ladder contacts the wall
120101e pg 45 |
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A portable ladders side rails must extend at least how far above the work surface?
|
1 meter |
|
|
A cylinder of flammable gas cannot be stored in the same room as what?
|
compressed cylinder of oxygen
120101e pg 46 |
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All oxygen fittings must be kept clean of what?
|
oil and grease
120101e pg 46 |
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An employer must ensure everything done to/with welding or allied equipment is done in accordance to who’s specifications?
|
Manufactures
120101e pg 47 |
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An employer is responsible for checking for what on gas equipments immediately after its hooked up?
|
leaks
120101e pg 47 |
|
|
Gas cylinders should be stored in solid walled storage compartments. |
a)True
120101e pg 47 |
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What is the allowable distance of top guardrail from the ground?
|
920mm-1070mm
120101e pg 50 |
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A grinder must be equipped with a what?
|
a grinding guard
120101e pg 51 |
|
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A grinding wheels _______ must be equal to or greater than a grinders ______.
|
Revolutions Per Minute
120101e pg 51 |
|
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A tool rest on a fixed grinder must be within what distance of the grinding wheel?
|
3mm
120101e pg 51 |
|
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Where in relation to the centre of the wheel on a fixed grinder should the guard sit? |
at or above the centre line |
|
|
Before starting any task what should you ensure? |
-A safe work environment |
|
|
When does personal injury and damage to equipment occur?
|
when tools are used improperly
120101f pg 2 |
|
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what are making sure your hammer is before you use it? |
-clean |
|
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Should you ever strike a hardened object directly with a hammer? |
No use a softener such as wood |
|
|
Screw drivers should not be used as a pry bars or chisels. |
a)True |
|
|
How should a screwdriver fit into a screw?
|
Snugly
120101f pg 2 |
|
|
What should you do to a chisel with a mushroomed head?
|
Grind away the mushroomed head before the chisel splits
120101f pg 3 |
|
|
Why should you always use a handle on a file?
|
To avoid injury to your hand
120101f pg 3 |
|
|
How much pressure should you apply to a file and why? |
enough to keep the file cutting to reduce wear on the file
120101f pg 3 |
|
|
Should you use a file as a pry bar? |
No
120101f pg 3 |
|
|
How many teeth on a hacksaw should be in contact with the material at all times?
|
2 teeth
120101f pg 3 |
|
|
What lengths are straight edges generally?
|
305mm-3m(1’-10’)
120101f pg 7 |
|
|
What length do short length tapes go up to?
|
8 meters(25’)
120101f pg 7 |
|
|
What two lengths do long tapes generally come in?
|
-15m(50’)
-30m(100’) 120101f pg 7 |
|
|
What is the tang on a tape measure? Why is it loose?
|
It is the hook. It is loose so it can measure if being pushed against something or pulled from the outside(it allows for the tangs thickness in the measurement)
120101f pg 8 |
|
|
What is the most common carpenters squares?
|
2 foot carpenters square
120101f pg 8 |
|
|
What does a Try square consist of?
|
-a beam (a thick wood or metal stock)
-a thin metal blade 120101f pg 9 |
|
|
What are the 4 parts of a combination square? |
-a steel ruler
-a square head -a bevel protractor -centre head 120101f pg 10 |
|
|
Why must a level be truly horizontal or truly vertical?
|
any tilting of the level causes the bubble to move off centre |
|
|
What does the magnetic base on the level allow for?
|
allows the operator the use of both hands for other tasks
120101f pg 12 |
|
|
How many times should a wraparound be able to go around the pipe?
|
twice to ensure the edge is lined up.
120101f pg 13 |
|
|
What are trammel points used for?
|
used to scribe arcs and circles and to transfer measurements that are beyond the range of dividers
120101f pg 17 |
|
|
The point of a center punch is accurately ground in line with the shank to what included angle? |
90°
120101f pg 18 |
|
|
What angle is the point of a prick punch ground to? |
30°-60°
120101f pg 18 |
|
|
How does a prick punch differ from a centre punch?
|
-a prick punch is generally smaller, and its point angle is sharper
120101f pg 18 |
|
|
What determines the size of a C-clamp?
|
The maximum distance between the jaws when the Jaws are fully open
120101f pg 22 |
|
|
What is a bar clamp useful for?
|
clamping materials over longer distances.
120101f pg 22 |
|
|
What are soft Jaws?
|
Soft jaws are jaws made of aluminum, copper, or wood to used to avoid serration bite marks
120101f pg 25 |
|
|
What should you always do to a drill press vise before drilling?
|
clamp it down.
120101f pg 26 |
|
|
What is a 14 teeth per inch hack saw blade meant for cutting?
|
machined steel, cold rolled steel or structural steel
120101f pg 28 |
|
|
What is a 18 teeth per inch hack saw blade meant for cutting?
|
aluminum, tool steel, high speed steel and cast iron
120101f pg 28 |
|
|
What is a 24 teeth per inch hack saw blade meant for cutting?
|
tin, brass, copper, channel iron & sheet metal
120101f pg 28 |
|
|
What is a 32 teeth per inch hack saw blade meant for cutting?
|
thin-walled tubing and conduit and sheet metal thinner than 18 gauge
120101f pg 28 |
|
|
What is the set? What does it allow for?
|
The set is the where the teeth are bent slightly outward on a saw blade.
Allows clearance of the saw blade inside the Kerf 120101f pg 29 |
|
|
What are files classified by?
|
Their length, shape and cut
120101f pg 30 |
|
|
When using a hacksaw what are the important steps?
|
-Be sure the work is gripped tightly
-Start cutting on the widest surface of the work -At the end of the stroke relieve pressure and pull straight back -After the first few strokes make each one long as possible -when you are cutting very thin material clamp it between two pieces of wood or soft metal 120101f pg 30 |
|
|
What is the primary danger when using a hacksaw?
|
Injury to the hand when the blade breaks
120101f pg 30 |
|
|
What File produces a smooth finish?
|
single-cut files
120101f pg 31 |
|
|
Why do you use a handle on a file?
|
To prevent the tang from driving into your hand
120101f pg 32 |
|
|
What do you use to clean a file?
|
A course bristle brush
120101f pg 32 |
|
|
Why should you never drag a file backward over a work piece?
|
It breaks the teeth
120101f pg 33 |
|
|
What can happen if you use a file as a pry bar?
|
The chisel can shatter and cause major personal injury
120101f pg 33 |
|
|
What are Serrated Blades snips able to do better than Tinners’ snips?
|
cut smaller and more intricate patterns.
120101f pg 35 |
|
|
what are the three guidelines when using a screwdriver?
|
-Never work with a screwdriver pointed towards you
-never use a screwdriver as a chisel, pry bar or wedge -never hammer on a screwdriver handle 120101f pg 40 |
|
|
Is a adjustable designed to replace open-end or box-end wrenches?
|
No
120101f pg |
|
|
When is the only time you should use an adjustable wrench?
|
When the proper sized wrench is not available. |
|
|
What is an adjustable wrench size determined by?
|
The total length of the wrench
120101f pg 44 |
|
|
What is the advantage of aluminum handled pipe wrenches?
|
They are lighter then conventional drop-forged steel pipe wrenches
120101f pg 46 |
|
|
Grinding wheels should be free of what?
|
cracks and other defects (ring test) |
|
|
Why do you not grind on the side face of a pedestal wheel or zip disk?
|
the wheel can explode
120101g pg 2 |
|
|
What should you always have on when working with a portable grinder? |
the spark guard and handle
120101g pg 3 |
|
|
What is the most common grinding wheel size range for pedestal grinders? |
203mm-355mm(8”-14”) |
|
|
Bench grinders are generally use wheels up to what size?
|
175mm(7”) in diameter |
|
|
How mush of the wheel should a wheel guard on a bench grinder cover?
|
At least 2/3 of the wheel (extend 30°-45° past the horizontal plane)
120101g pg 4 |
|
|
How far should the tool rest be sitting away from the face of the grinding wheel?
|
3mm(1/8”)
120101g pg 5 |
|
|
What are grinding wheels classified by? |
Abrasives type and size
120101g pg 5 |
|
|
What is the most common abrasive when grinding steel? |
Aluminum oxide
120101g pg 5 |
|
|
What is the most common bonding agent for grinding wheel? |
clay based(sometimes called vitrified) |
|
|
What are abrasives available in other than oxides? |
Grits (comes in 4-600)(most shops 24-60)
120101g pg 5 |
|
|
What is a blotter?
|
pieces of heavy paper attached to each side of the grinding wheel
120101g pg 5 |
|
|
What three things does the blotter do? |
-protects the flanges
-compensate for uneven surfaces on the side of the wheel -display important information about the wheel(RPM,Size,type,etc.) 120101g pg 5 |
|
|
What is Dressing a wheel?
|
cleaning & restoring the sharpness of a wheel
120101g pg 6 |
|
|
What is Truing of a grinding wheel? |
removal of material from the cutting face of a wheel if it is out of round in some way |
|
|
What are some things you must do when replacing a grinding wheel?
|
-select suitable grinding wheel
-check rpm rating -Inspect the wheel for visible defects -ring test -wheel should fit shaft -place safety washers -steel flange is flat -nut tight enough to hold wheel -replace wheel guard -run at full speed for one minute -true the wheel if required 120101g pg 8 |
|
|
What are the two types of portable grinders? |
straight and angle
120101g pg 8 |
|
|
What are small straight grinders also known as?
|
Die grinders
120101g pg 8 |
|
|
For flat or surface grinding what angle do you hold the grinder?
|
10°
120101g pg 11 |
|
|
When grinding how much pressure should you use?
|
equal to the weight of the grinder or slightly more
120101g pg 11 |
|
|
When close tolerance grinding is required what technique can you use? What does this technique allow you to see? |
-cross grinding(changing 90° every pass) |
|
|
What is a sensitive drill press meant for? |
Drilling precise holes up to approximately 12.7mm(1/2”) in diameter |
|
|
How does an upright drilling machine differ from a sensitive drilling machine? |
larger and has a power feed system
120101g pg 15 |
|
|
What is an upright drilling machine meant for drilling?
|
12.7mm(½”)-101.6mm(4”) holes120101g pg 16
|
|
|
What does an upright drilling machine usually have that allows for slow speed high torque? |
a Geared head
120101g pg 16 |
|
|
What are hand drills rated by?
|
their chuck size
120101g pg 13 |
|
|
What does a magnetic base drill allow for? |
operation in any position(use a lanyard in positions other than Flat) on material with magnetic properties
120101g pg 16 |
|
|
What are Radial drilling machines used for? |
Drilling holes in large work pieces that are to difficult to position under the sensitive or upright drill press
(position spindle anywhere within a certain radius) 120101g pg 17 |
|
|
What are the two methods of manual feed on a radial arm drill press?
|
-hand feed lever(drilling head)
-hand wheel(underside)(mechanical advantage & fine feed control) 120101g pg 17 |
|
|
What are the three types of drill chucks?
|
-keyed drill chucks
-keyless chuck -drill socket and sleeve 120101g pg 18 |
|
|
What size do key type chucks normally come in?
|
6.4mm-19.2mm(¼” to ¾”)
120101g pg 19 |
|
|
Where are keyless chucks normally found?
|
battery powered hand drills
120101g pg 19 |
|
|
Name one advantage of a drill chuck?
|
-hold any number of things within its size range
-used with twist drills that have straight shanks -wide range of accessories 120101g pg 20 |
|
|
What are the three main parts of a twist drills?
|
-the shank
-the body -the point 120101g pg 21 |
|
|
Where are taper shanks found?
|
Found on drills 12.7mm(½”) in diameter
120101g |
|
|
How is a taper shank twist drill from a drill sleeve?
|
a wedge shaped drift tool is driven into a slot just above the tang of the twist drill
120101g pg 21 |
|
|
Where is the diameter of a twist drill measured?
|
measured across the margins
120101g pg 22 |
|
|
What are the four methods used to designate twist drill sizes? |
-number |
|
|
What degree should the lip clearance be on a twist drill? |
8 to 12 degrees
120101g pg 24 |
|
|
What are the three safety precautions when using grinders? |
-wear safety glasses |
|
|
What are two ways to modify a drill point?
|
-change the point angle and clearance angle |
|
|
What is a common ratio for a cutting Lubricant?
|
one part oil to 25 parts water
120101g pg 27 |
|
|
what is the primary function of plate rolls?
|
Roll flat stock into cylindrical and oval shapes
120101g pg 28 |
|
|
what is a power break used for?
|
Bending material at sharp angles using various combinations of rams and dies
120101g pg 30 |
|
|
why do you always attach the ground clamp directly to the material in a machine?
|
to prevent any electrical current from passing through any bearings or bushings on the machine
120101g pg 30 |
|
|
What is a power bender used to bend?
|
-pipe
-bar stock -structural shapes 120101g pg 31 |
|
|
Where do power benders have an advantage?
|
Where multiple compound bends are required
120101g pg 31 |
|
|
What are presses useful for?
|
-bending and straightening metal
-pressing bearings and gears onto and off of shafts 120101g pg 31 |
|
|
Why would you use a cage with a hydraulic press?
|
to minimize the kick out hazard
120101g pg 32 |
|
|
Pneumatic presses are dangerous due to what?
|
the ram generally moves very fast
120101g pg 32 |
|
|
What press has the highest capacity?
|
Electric presses
120101g pg 32 |
|
|
What are trip hammers used for?
|
shape metal (sharpening of bucket and ripper teeth)
120101g pg 33 |
|
|
What is a chipping guns and impact guns a related version of? |
a trip hammer
120101g pg 33 |
|
|
What are the two common plate shears?
|
-mechanical shears |
|
|
What are mechanical shears powered by? |
An electric motor power a large flywheel to perform the cutting operation |
|
|
How often is the hold down device tightened on mechanical shears? what does this prevent? |
-tightened for each cut |
|
|
How do hydraulic shears differ from mechanical shears? |
hold downs are run by hydraulic rams
-shear blades are powered by hydraulic pump 120101g pg 35 |
|
|
On hydraulic shears when you adjust the blade clearance what are you adjusting for? |
Material thickness and type
120101g pg 35 |
|
|
What three processes does an ironworker machine do?
|
-punching
-shearing -notching 120101g pg 36 |
|
|
What can an Ironworker be run by?
|
hydraulic ram or large flywheel
120101g pg 36 |
|
|
What material is an Ironworker designed to work on?
|
-mild steel
-annealed medium carbon steel and abrasion resistant steels(within limits) 120101g pg 36 |
|
|
What are the three steps to consistent shearing?
|
-place material
-place the hold-down -depress the foot pedal 120101g pg 37 |
|
|
What is a rod shear used for?
|
cutting round bar and square bar stock
120101g pg 37 |
|
|
What are the two type of shape shears?
|
L and C shape shears
120101g pg 37 |
|
|
what are cut off saw used for?
|
for square or miter cutting on structural shapes and smaller diameter pipe
120101g pg 39 |
|
|
How should you clamp L shapes when cutting?
|
clamp so one side is against the stationary block
120101g pg 39 |
|
|
How high should vertical band saw guides be set above the work?
|
so they just clear the work piece
120101g pg 41 |
|
|
What are the three most common positioners?
|
-manual |
|
|
Is oxygen by itself flammable?
|
No
120101h pg 2 |
|
|
What process produces oxygen for cutting?
|
air liquefaction
120101h pg 2 |
|
|
What two thing does air liquefaction produce?
|
nitrogen and oxygen
120101h pg 2 |
|
|
What is the minimum percentage is the pure oxygen is produced through air liquefaction?
|
Minimum 99.5%
120101h pg 2 |
|
|
Oxygen + oil = ?
|
EXPLOSION |
|
|
In the case of a fire what order should you shut gases off?
|
stop the Oxygen
stop the fuel gas (then extinguish the Fire) 120101h pg 3 |
|
|
What are you causing the metal to do at a rapid rate when cutting with OAC?
|
Rust
120101h pg 3 |
|
|
At what percentage can you smell acetylene?
|
1%
120101h pg 3 |
|
|
How is acetylene produced?
|
mixing calcium carbide and water in an acetylene generator
120101h pg 3 |
|
|
How does oxygen effect your flames heat?
|
the more oxygen the hotter the flame
120101h pg 3 |
|
|
Where should your flames inner cone be positioned when cutting?
|
just above the surface of the material to be cut
120101h pg 3 |
|
|
What must a suitable flame have to be used for cutting and heating?
|
-high flame temperature
-high rate of flame propagation -adequate heat content -little to no chemical reaction with the base metal 120101h pg 4 |
|
|
what is the explosive range of acetylene in air?
|
2.5%-80%
120101h pg 4 |
|
|
what is the critical point of acetylene at 21.0°C?
|
193kPa(28psi)
120101h pg 4 |
|
|
what is the max safe working load pressure of acetylene gas?
|
103kPa(15psi)
120101h pg 5 |
|
|
The high BTU content makes propane good for what?
|
cutting materials 150mm(6”) or greater
120101h pg 5 |
|
|
Propane requires how many times its volume of preheat oxygen during cutting?
|
4-4½ times
120101h pg 5 |
|
|
What volume of oxygen to propylene is required for a neutral flame?
|
2.6 to 1
120101h pg 6 |
|
|
Why is natural gas used for cutting?
|
low cost and readily available
120101h pg 6 |
|
|
What does a liquid oxygen tank pressure rarely exceed?
|
1655kPa(240psi)
|
|
|
How does a small and large cylinders pressure and volume generally line up?
|
same pressure but different volume
120101h pg 8 |
|
|
What do you mark on an empty tank?
|
MT
120101h pg 8 |
|
|
How long till the first time a cylinder is tested after being used in the industry? How often after that?
|
10 years
every 5 years after its first test 120101h pg 8 |
|
|
What process is use to test oxygen cylinders?
|
hydrostatically tested
120101h pg 8 |
|
|
What hand threads are oxygen tanks?
|
right handed
120101h pg 9 |
|
|
Do oxygen tanks have a fixed draw limit?
|
No
120101h pg 9 |
|
|
What does a metal rupture disk protect against?
|
Extreme pressure rise due to fire
120101h pg 11 |
|
|
At what pressure does a rupture disk burst?
|
22 063kpa (3200psi)
120101h pg 11 |
|
|
What has the ability to stabilize acetylene?
|
acetone
120101h pg 12 |
|
|
Why is acetylene mixed with acetone?
|
to store acetylene safely under pressure
120101h pg 12 |
|
|
What is the purpose of the porous material in the acetylene tank?
|
to keep the acetylene dissolved in the acetone
120101h pg 12 |
|
|
What does the calcium-silicate cause?
|
lighter cylinder weight and increased cylinder capacity
120101h pg 12 |
|
|
At what percentage of volumetric capacity is an acetylene cylinder weighed and stamped?
|
40%
120101h pg 13 |
|
|
What are the two types of valves?
|
-key type(requires a T wrench)
-wheel type 120101h pg 14 |
|
|
What is the only accurate method of determining how much acetylene is left in the cylinder?
|
Weighing it
120101h pg 15 |
|
|
What is the draw limit of an acetylene cylinder? Why?
|
No faster than 1/7 of it volumetric capacity per hour
To prevent drawing of acetone 120101h pg 15 |
|
|
When using a manifold system what must the cylinder be?
|
of equal pressure
120101h pg 17 |
|
|
What is a acetylene manifold system filled with to break down the large volumes?
|
-stainless steel welding rod
-steel shot -silica sand 120101h pg 17 |
|
|
What name must appear on a gas cylinder?
|
The trade name or chemical name of the gas
120101h pg 18 |
|
|
What must fittings on acetylene equipment be made of?
|
-yellow brass
-iron -steel (as approved by CGA) 120101h pg 18 |
|
|
What two things does a regulator do?
|
reduce the source pressure to a working level
-maintain a constant delivery pressure 120101h pg 20 |
|
|
What are the three main parts of a regulator?
|
-spring
-diaphragm -valve/seat assembly 120101h pg 21 |
|
|
What are regulators classified by?
|
-service(acetylene or oxygen)
-type(single or two stage) 120101h pg 21 |
|
|
What can sudden pressure do to a bourdon tube?
|
deform it
120101h pg 24 |
|
|
What do the two gauges on most regulators tell you?
|
-cylinder pressure
-working pressure 120101h pg 24 |
|
|
What is the minimum bursting pressure of oxyfuel cutting hoses?
|
2800kPa(400psi)
120101h pg 25 |
|
|
what color are? a)fuel gas hoses
b)oxygen hoses |
a)red
b)green 120101h pg 26 |
|
|
what is regulator Creep?
|
when the valve on the high pressure side does not seat properly
120101h pg 29 |
|
|
Tips should never be?
|
-reamed
-used as hammers -bent to form a new angle -overheated 120101h pg 30 |
|
|
What are three basic malfunctions with oxyfuel equipment?
|
-backfires
-burnbacks -flashbacks 120101h pg 35 |
|
|
Name two things that can cause a backfire?
|
-to little gas speed
-a dirty tip -partial obstruction of gas flow -loose or faulty seat connections -a hot tip 120101h pg 36 |
|
|
What three things can cause a burnback?
|
-a hot tip
-tip orifices are enlarged -faulty torch body seats 120101h pg 36 |
|
|
What can cause a flashback?
|
-Grossly unequal pressure
-mildly unequal pressure -faulty manipulation of the valves -failure to purge each hose 120101h pg 37 |
|
|
What is gas speed?
|
Speed at which premixed gases leave the tip
120101h pg 38 |
|
|
What is speed of flame propagation?
|
The speed at which the flame travels or spreads in premixed gases
120101h pg 38 |
|
|
What are the three flame types?
|
-carbonizing flame
-neutral flame -oxidizing flame 120101h pg 40 |
|
|
What is the temperature of a neutral flame?
|
3090°C(5600°F)
120101h pg 40 |
|
|
What is the kindling point range of most steels?
|
760°C-870°C(1400°F-1600°F)
120101i pg 2 |
|
|
What is Drag?
|
The amount the bottom of the kerf line lags behind the top of the kerf line
120101i pg 2 |
|
|
What is heat energy(heat value or heat of combustion)?
|
Overall heat a flame produces
120101i pg 2 |
|
|
What is heat energy measured in?
|
-Mega-joules per cubic meter (MJ/m3)
-British thermal units per cubic foot 120101i pg 2 |
|
|
What is Kerf?
|
the width of the cut produced during a cutting process
120101i pg 2 |
|
|
What is torch inclination?
|
The angle of the torch in relation to the direction of travel
120101i pg 2 |
|
|
What are the three categories of oxyfuel equipment?
|
-combination welding and cutting
-standard or heavy duty cutting torches -machine cutting torches 120101i pg 3 |
|
|
Why is combination welding and cutting torch the most popular unit?
|
it comes with a series of welding or heating tips as well as cutting attachments
120101i pg 3 |
|
|
What are Standard or heavy duty cutting torches only meant for?
|
cutting only
120101i pg 4 |
|
|
What is a standard or heavy duty torch better at than a combination torch?
|
-Cutting material 150mm(6”) or greater
-work in rough service enviroments 120101i pg 4 |
|
|
What is the two tube torch design known as?
|
premixing type cutting torch
120101i pg 4 |
|
|
What are three tube mixing torches known as?
|
Tip mixing type torch
120101i pg 5 |
|
|
What are the tree types of machine cutting tracing systems?
|
-manual machine tracers
-magnetic tracers -electronic tracers 120101i pg 6 |
|
|
What does CNC stand for?
|
Computer Numerical Control |
|
|
What does a CNC machine allow for?
|
high consistency and accuracy and less turnaround time
120101i pg 9 |
|
|
What are the four types of cutting tips?
|
-Straight
-Scarfing -Gouging -Heavy duty rivet/bolt 120101i pg 10 |
|
|
For straight and bevel cutting what tip do you use?
|
Straight tip
120101i pg 10 |
|
|
For removing minor imperfections and during foundry and casting work what tip would you use?
|
Scarfing tip
120101i pg 10 |
|
|
What cutting tip performs the same function as carbon arc cutting electrodes?
|
Gouging tips
120101i pg 10 |
|
|
What is the heavy duty rivet and bolt cutting tip good for?
|
Cutting rivet and bolt heads without damage to the parent metal
120101i pg 10 |
|
|
What are two piece splined tips used for?
|
propane or natural gas cutting
120101i pg 10 |
|
|
What does 15% drag mean?
|
The exit point of the cut is 15% behind the entry point of the cut
120101i pg 15 |
|
|
What do you examine to determine if you are cutting to fast?
|
The Kerf lines
120101i pg 15 |
|
|
What happens to the torch inclination when working on thinner material?
|
the thinner the material the more forehand inclination required
120101i pg 16 |
|
|
When cutting shapes what inclination is required?
|
None [steel 75mm(3”) or thicker you may need to use a slight backhand inclination]
120101i pg 16 |
|
|
What does cutting with a slight bevel ensure?
|
Slag will collect on the scrap material
120101i pg 17 |
|
|
What are the two methods to prevent molten slag and oxide from blowing back?
|
still torch method and the traveling torch method
120101i pg 18 |
|
|
What does the still torch method work best for doing?
|
small holes in a heavy plate
120101i pg 18 |
|
|
Where is the traveling torch method faster than the still torch method?
|
materials 12.7mm( ½“) thick or less
120101i pg 19 |
|
|
what prevents Cast iron form cutting?
|
-The refractory oxide
-carbon graphite flakes -iron carbide 120101i pg 20 |
|
|
For demolition purposes what methods can you use to sever cast iron?
|
-Carburizing flame and mild steel rod method
-oxygen lance method 120101i pg 20 |
|
|
What is the Carburizing flame and mild steel rod method?
|
uses a carburizing flame with a feather as long as the as the thickness of the cast iron you are cutting
120101i pg |
|
|
How does an oxygen lance work?
|
preheat metal then add pure oxygen and the intense heat then produced burns a path through the cast iron
120101i pg |
|
|
What elements in stainless steel slow down progressive burning?
|
chromium and nickel
120101i pg 21 |
|
|
What two methods exist to cut stainless steel?
|
-Introduce mild steel into the cut by adding a mild steel rod
-use a specially designed torch that injects iron powder or a flux into the cut 120101i pg 21 |
|
|
What has replace oxyfuel cutting methods of cutting stainless steel?
|
Plasma Arc Cutting (PAC)
120101i pg 21 |
|
|
What does to large of a nozzle cause?
|
The kerf edges melting back together behind the cut
120101i pg 22 |
|
|
What does to small of a cutting tip cause?
|
difficulty cutting fully through material
120101i pg 22 |
|
|
What are three factor to consider when selecting a cutting tip for the job?
|
-Depth of the cut
-The type of material -The condition of the material -The type of cut to be made -Quality of cut desired -Speed of cutting requires -cleanliness of the tip 120101i pg 24 |
|
|
What can happen if you use to small of a tip cleaner?
|
can cause damage to the orifices by filing them out of round
120101i pg 25 |
|
|
What can happen if you use to large of a cleaning tip?
|
you run the risk of getting it stuck
120101i pg 25 |
|
|
What are three methods of controlling the torch?
|
-Across cut
-Push cut -Pull cut 120101i pg 26 |
|
|
What are two type of machine-Guided cutting torches?
|
-Radiagraph |
|
|
What is the temperature of a oxidizing flame?
|
3470°C(6300°F)
120101h pg 40 |
|
|
Define High Frequency Current.
|
AC current with an operating frequency of thousands of cycles per second
120101j pg 2 |
|
|
Define Ion.
|
An atom, molecule that has either gained or lost electrons
120101j pg 2 |
|
|
Define non-transferred arc.
|
An arc established between the electrode and the torch tip
120101j pg 2 |
|
|
Define Pilot arc.
|
low current high voltage arc established between the electrode and the torch tip.(establishes pathway for main arc)
120101j pg 2 |
|
|
Define Plasma.
|
a gas that has been heated to an extremely high temperature by an electric arc
120101j pg 2 |
|
|
Define stand-off distance.
|
The distance between the torch nozzle and the work
120101j pg 2 |
|
|
Define transferred arc.
|
current flow between the electrode in the torch and the work piece
120101j pg 2 |
|
|
What does plasma cutting rely on to work?
|
high temperature arc to melt the metal and a high velocity jet of plasma gas to blow the metal away
120101j pg 3 |
|
|
What is the temperature range of a plasma arc stream?
|
10,000°C to 14,000°(18,000°F-25,000°F)
120101j pg 3 |
|
|
What type of process is PAC and what current does it use?
|
PAC is an erosion process that operates on direct current straight polarity(DCSP)
120101j pg 3 |
|
|
What does the use of a secondary shielding gas with PAC provide?
|
protection of the kerf walls from oxidization and isolates the plasma stream from the atmosphere
120101j pg 4 |
|
|
That does a dual flow torches have?
|
separate passageways for the plasma and shielding gases
120101j pg 4 |
|
|
What does PAC have in its smoke that make it more dangerous than OAC?
|
very small fume particles
120101j pg 5 |
|
|
What do you have to worry about if plasma cutting under water?
|
Water breaking down into hydrogen, without proper ventilation an explosion hazard is present
120101j pg 6 |
|
|
What can Plasma arc cutting machines power supply range from?
|
35 amp to 750 amps
120101j pg 7 |
|
|
Power supplies designed for PAC are what?
|
DCSP rectifier or inverter-type constant current machine with an open circuits ranging from 120 to 400 volts
120101j pg 7 |
|
|
What does the torch do?
|
Transfers current to a fixed non-consumable electrode and directs the flow of plasma and shielding gas
120101j pg 7 |
|
|
Hafnium has a high oxidation resistance making it good for use with compressed air and oxygen plasma cutting systems.
A)True B)False |
A)True
120101j pg 7 |
|
|
Adapting a PAC torch for gouging operations involves changing nozzle that does what?
|
reduces arc constriction resulting in lower arc stream velocity
120101j pg 8 |
|
|
What are two methods for starting the arc when cutting?
|
edge and pierce start
120101j pg 8 |
|
|
What does PAC underwater eliminate?
|
-fumes
-gases -reduces noise levels 120101j pg 9 |
|
|
What are typical cutting variables for PAC cutting stainless steel?
|
-amperage
-metal thickness -travel speed 120101j pg 10 |
|
|
What determines your travel speed with PAC?
|
Type and Thickness of the metal
-orifice diameter -output of the power source 120101j pg 10 |
|
|
What is standoff distance in PAC?
|
The distance between the end of the torch nozzle and the work
120101j pg 10 |
|
|
What should the standoff for PAC cutting be for most applications?
|
6.4mm-10mm(1/4”- 3/8”)
120101j pg 10 |
|
|
What can improper standoff cause with PAC?
|
-excessive nozzle wear
-poor quality cuts -slow cutting speeds 120101j pg10 |
|
|
When gouging what determines the depth of the gouge?
|
travel speed and standoff distance
120101j pg 11 |
|
|
What are the two type of PAC torches?
|
compressed air torches and dual flow torches
120101j pg 12 |
|
|
What is generally the shielding gas used for a dual flow PAC torch?
|
carbon dioxide or nitrogen
120101j pg 11 |
|
|
Due to high temperatures and fast cutting speeds PAC a narrow what along the kerf?
|
Heat-affected zone(HAZ)
120101j pg 12 |
|
|
What is Dross?
|
Re-solidified oxidized molten metal that does not blow away during cutting
120101j pg 13 |
|
|
What can cause dross?
|
-Incorrect cutting speeds
-Incorrect amperage settings -Incorrect standoff distance -A worn nozzle 120101j pg13 |
|
|
What is Arc Cutting?
|
thermal cutting process where melting the base metal is accomplished using an electric arc established between the base metal and an electrode
120101j pg 15 |
|
|
When selecting an arc cutting process what must you consider?
|
-effectiveness of each cutting process
-limitations of the process -type of power source and auxiliary equipment -necessary precautions to avoid personal injury and damage to property 120101j pg 15 |
|
|
What are the two most used arc-cutting processes?
|
-air carbon arc cutting(CAC-A)
-plasma arc cutting(PAC) 120101j pg 15 |
|
|
How does Air Carbon Arc cutting work?
|
metals are melted by carbon electrode arc. Jet stream of compressed air blows molten metal away
120101j pg 15 |
|
|
What can air carbon arc cutting be used to do?
|
-gouging
-cutting -beveling -washing operations 120101j pg16 |
|
|
In CAC-A low heat input minimizes what in the base metal?
|
Warpage and Distortion
120101j pg 16 |
|
|
What equipment does air carbon arc cutting require?
|
-power source
-electrode holder -carbon electrodes -compressed air supply 120101j pg 18 |
|
|
What percentage of duty cycle may be required for automatic or semi-automatic cutting?
|
100% duty cycle
120101j pg 18 |
|
|
What happens if you use a constant voltage power source with an electrode smaller than 7.9mm(5/16”) for arc cutting?
|
can cause excess carbon deposits in the metal
120101j pg 18 |
|
|
Why is it recommended that PAC systems have overload protections?
|
to prevent damage to the power source during high current surges
120101j pg 18 |
|
|
In PAC where rectifier units do not have sufficient current output what can you do?
|
to rectifiers may be hooked up in parallel, double the current output
120101j pg 18 |
|
|
Carbon electrodes used in arc welding consist of what?
|
Carbon and graphite rod
120101j pg 21 |
|
|
What are the three types of arc cutting and gouging electrodes?
|
-DC copper-coated
-DC plain -AC copper coated 120101j pg 21 |
|
|
What can copper coated electrodes do better than plain electrodes(arc cutting)?
|
last longer and can carry higher currents
120101j pg 21 |
|
|
DC plain electrodes are cheaper then copper coated electrodes and do not have a coating(arc cutting)
A)True B)False |
A)True
120101j pg 22 |
|
|
Over what diameter do DC Plain Electrodes not perform well(Arc cutting)?
|
10mm(3/8”)
120101j pg 22 |
|
|
AC electrodes have rare earth materials added to do what(arc cutting)?
|
Stabilize the Arc
120101j pg 22 |
|
|
What do AC electrodes work well on (arc cutting)?
|
-copper
-nickel -cast iron 120101j pg 22 |
|
|
What pressure of air in normally required for air carbon arc gouging?
|
550kpa to 700kpa(80psi to 100psi)
120101j pg 22 |
|
|
What are the two most common problems encountered with air carbon arc gouging?
|
-carbonization of the base metal
-surface hardening 120101j pg 23 |
|
|
When does carbonization occur(arc cutting)?
|
When your air is not blowing away the molted metal
120101j pg 23 |
|
|
On what metals does surface hardening happen with arc air gouging? What helps reduce this hardness?
|
-Cast iron and higher carbon steels
-preheating your metal 120101j pg 23 |
|
|
What should the electrical stick-out for air arc gouging not exceed?
|
180mm(7”) all metals except aluminum[100mm(4”)]
120101j pg 25 |
|
|
How short can you let your electrode get?
|
50mm(2”)
120101j pg 25 |
|
|
Before you start an arc what must you make sure is on?
|
the air stream
120101j pg 25 |
|
|
The progression and quality of a air arc cut depends on what?
|
-type of base metal
-electrode size -current settings -available -experience of the operator 120101j pg 25 |
|
|
When air arc cutting what inclination angle gives you a shallow groove and faster travel speed?
|
30° forehand
120101j pg 25 |
|
|
When air arc cutting what inclination produces a deep narrow groove requiring a faster travel speed?
|
90° forehand
120101j pg 25 |
|
|
What inclination is used for most:
A)air arc cutting operations B)air arc gouging operations |
A)90°
B)30° 120101j pg 25 |
|
|
What do slight changes in you electrode angle help with in air arc cutting or gouging operations?
|
direct slag away from cut or gouged area |
|
|
In Addition to PAC and CAC-A what are three other arc cutting process?
|
-shielded metal arc cutting |
|
|
What can happen if you don’t level a crane?
|
crane may tip over
120101k pg 4 |
|
|
What are the three methods to check if a crane is level?
|
–the cabs target level
–carpenters level –checking the hoist line 120101k pg 4 |
|
|
What are the factors that affect the lifting of a load?
|
–total weight of the load and rigging
–the shape of the load –the height to which the load is to be raised –the final position of the load when raised 120101k pg 5 |
|
|
What is load radius deflection?
|
The horizontal distance measured from the rotation centre of the crane to the load hook while the boom is under load
120101k pg 5 |
|
|
What should be taken into consideration when traveling with a load(crane)?
|
–type of terrain
–the presence of overhead power lines –the boom length –the stopping and starting momentum 120101k pg 6 |
|
|
What precautions should you follow during pick up and carry operations(crane)?
|
keep the load as close to carrier as possible
–keep the boom as short as possible –keep the boom as low as possible –carry load in line of travel –carried close to the ground and controlled 120101k pg 6 |
|
|
How should materials be stored?
|
so that they are easily accessible, and protected from harm and pose no threat to people in the vicinity
120101k pg 6 |
|
|
What are the rolls of the signalman?
|
–only on signalman
–operator must see you –signalman must watch the load –do not swing the load over workers –watch for overhead power lines or other obstructions 120101k pg 7 |
|
|
What is a knot?
|
formed when two ends of a rope intertwines within a section of rope
120101k pg 9 |
|
|
What is a bend?
|
formed by intertwining two rope ends
120101k pg 9 |
|
|
What is a Hitch?
|
formed by fastening a rope to an object
120101k pg 9 |
|
|
What is a splice?
|
made by joining the ends of two ropes
120101k pg 9 |
|
|
What percentage is a ropes strength reduced by when a knot is put in it?
|
50%
120101k pg 10 |
|
|
What percentage is a ropes strength reduced by when a bend is put in it?
|
50%
120101k pg 10 |
|
|
What percentage is a ropes strength reduced by when a hitch is put in it?
|
25%
120101k pg 10 |
|
|
What percentage is a ropes strength reduced by when its spliced?
|
20%
120101k pg 10 |
|
|
Wire rope is a common material used for construction of slings?
A)true B)false |
A)True
120101k pg 17 |
|
|
What does the lay of a rope indicate?
|
the direction of the rotation of the wires and the strands in the rope
120101k pg 17 |
|
|
Wire rope classification numbers always indicate the what?
|
Number of strands in the rope
120101k pg 18 |
|
|
Larger the wire size is, the worse the abrasion resistance of the rope is.
A)True B)False |
B)False
Abasion resistance gets better 120101k pg 18 |
|
|
The more wires there are in a strand what happens to the flexibility of that rope?
|
more wires per strand the more flexible it becomes.
120101k pg 18 |
|
|
To determine the size of a wire where do you measure?
|
across the wires diameter at its widest point
120101k pg 19 |
|
|
What does seizing do?
|
binds the ends of a non–preformed wire rope to prevent the wires and strands from fraying
120101k pg 20 |
|
|
What are snake skin connectors?
|
connector used to join two wire ropes
120101k pg 21 |
|
|
Why are synthetic fiber ropes stronger than those made of natural fibers?
|
there are no breaks in the threads or strands
120101k pg 22 |
|
|
What can synthetic ropes be manufactured from?
|
–nylon
–polypropylene –polyester –polyethylene 120101k pg 22 |
|
|
What synthetic rope is the strongest?
|
Nylon
120101k pg 22 |
|
|
What synthetic is most popular rope(cheap and serviceable)?
|
polypropylene
120101k pg 22 |
|
|
When lifting what factors does weight affect?
|
–which equipment to use
–the best rigging materials –best way to secure the load for lifting 120101k pg 23 |
|
|
Where can weight information normally be found?
|
–shipping documentation
–manufactures’ tags –design plans –catalogue data 120101k pg 23 |
|
|
What do structural steel drawings normally include?
|
–size of each steel beam
–weight per meter or per foot –actual length of each member 120101k pg 23 |
|
|
What can you estimate
a)one meter cubed of steel weighs b)one foot squared of 1 inch thick steel weighs |
a)7850kg appoximatly
b)40lb 120101k pg 23 |
|
|
If you don’t know where the centre of gravity is what method can you use to find it?
|
Trial and error(lift it a little if its not right put it down adjust and try again)
120101k pg 25 |
|
|
What is the working load limit(WLL)?
|
the weight that can be safely lifted by a wire rope
120101k pg 26 |
|
|
What is safety factor?
|
a ratio that provides a margin for extra strength for if extra stresses are placed on a rope
120101k pg 26 |
|
|
What formula can you use to estimate the Working Load Limit of a wire rope sling with a safety factor of 8:1?
|
WLL = D¬2 x 8
120101k pg 26 |
|
|
What formula can you use calculate the Working Load Limit of a wire rope sling with a safety factor of 5:1?
|
WLL = D2 x 5
120101k pg 27 |
|
|
What do safety factors allow for?
|
–reduced rope capacity
–extra load imposed by shock loading –extra load due to sheave friction –inability to accurately guess the weight of objects –bending stress on fibers passing over sheaves 120101k pg 28 |
|
|
Name two advantages of synthetic slings.
|
–non–sparking
–very light and elastic –less tendency to scratch machined surfaces –flexible –do not rust – not affected by some chemicals –available in a number of different configurations 120101k pg 28 |
|
|
What is a plate clamp designed with to do what?
|
serrated jaws to grip plate metal for hoisting
120101k pg 30 |
|
|
What is strongly recommended you plate clamp has for safety?
|
locking lever so your clamp doesn’t accidently open up when you set you metal down
120101k pg 30 |
|
|
How many plates can you lift with a plate clamp at one time?
|
one only
120101k pg 30 |
|
|
What should you check on your plate clamp before using it?
|
–serrated jaws and lifting eye for wear
–buildup of paint, mill scale, or corrosion – lifting line is directly over head – use care in cold or wet conditions 120101k pg 31 |
|
|
Why do you not use plate clamps on stainless steel?
|
The jaws damage the surface of the steel
120101k pg 31 |
|
|
What are the two types of wire rope clips?
|
–double saddle and bolt(safety or fist–grip)
–U–bolt and saddle(Crosby) 120101k pg 31 |
|
|
When wire rope clips are applied properly how much of the wire strength is kept?
|
80%
120101k pg 31 |
|
|
What two advantages does a double saddle and bolt clip have?
|
–wide bearing surface for maximum strength and higher holding power
–cannot be installed incorrectly 120101k pg 31 |
|
|
What saying can you use to remember how to put on a U–bolt and saddle wire rope clip?
|
Never saddle a dead horse |
|
|
What is the rule of thumb for haw far apart wire rope clips should be placed apart?
|
rope diameter times(x) 6 |
|
|
How many trades and occupations are involved in the Alberta apprenticeship system?
|
50 plus
120104f |
|
|
What is the difference between a compulsory and voluntary certification trade?
|
Compulsory means one must be must be an apprentice or journeyman to work in the trade
120104f |
|
|
What is the total number of on the job hours a welder required to have per year?
|
1500
120104f |
|
|
What is the total number of technical training hours in the first year of welding?
|
240
120104f |
|
|
What is the total number of work experience hours required for a wire process operator apprenticeship?
|
1800
120104f |
|
|
Who is responsible for determining the course outline for the welder and wire process operator trade?
|
the Provincial Apprenticeship Committee
120104f |
|
|
What is the purpose of the learning outcomes in a trade course outline?
|
the outcomes are what you must be able to do or know. the outcomes guide the objectives in the course outline.
120104f |
|
|
How are the final apprenticeship written exams formulated?
|
they are keyed to the objectives in the trade course outline
120104f |
|
|
Who are the major participants when entering into a contract of apprenticeship?
|
the apprentice, the employer, and Alberta Apprenticeship and Industry training
120104f |
|
|
Who is responsible for recommending that the apprentice receive time credit for any past experience in the trade?
|
the employer
120104f |
|
|
Who is responsible for notifying the Alberta Apprenticeship and Industry Training that the apprentice has changed employers?
|
The new employer and the apprentice
120104f |
|
|
Who is responsible for Blue Book security and accuracy of the information and sending it to Alberta Apprenticeship and Industry training when required?
|
the apprentice
120104f |
|
|
What are the three elements of each year of your apprentice ship? |
-technical training |
