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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Excretion equation
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Excretion =
filtered - reabosorbed + secreted |
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Name structural components of kidney
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Renal pelvis
renal cortex renal medulla |
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function of renal pelvis
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where urine is drained and collected
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function of renal cortex
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outermost layer of kidney, where filtration occurs
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function of renal medulla
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Inner portion of kidney. made up of parallel tubes that go toward renal pelvis
where reabsorption and secretion occurs |
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what is osmolarity in renal cortex
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osmolarity of extracellular fluid and plasma normal (300mOsm)
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what is osmolarity in renal medulla
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increases with depth (1280-1400mOsm)
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what is a nephron?
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functional unit of the kidney
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what makes up a nephron
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1. glomerulus
2. proximal tubule 3. loop of henle 4. distal tubule 5. collecting duct |
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Glomerulus function?
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primary site of filtration (Hydrostatic pressure high-drives filtration)
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how does blood enter glomerulus?
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afferent arterioles-glomerulus capillaries-efferent arterioles-capillaries-venuoles-veins
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Proximal tubule function?
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primary site of reabsorption, by use of second capillary bed, actively transports NaCl, glucose, hydrogen ions
Passively transports bicarbonate, water, potassium ions, ammonia |
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Loop of henle function?
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Generate osmotic gradient, which allows reabsorption of water latert on
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Distal tubule
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increased reabsorption of NaCL and excretion of K+ with help of aldosterone
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what is a nephron and what is it made up of?
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functional unit of the kidney, contains glomerulus which is surrounded by Bowman's capsule.
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What is function of afferent arteriole?
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Bring blood in, forming capillaries of glomerulus
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What is the function of efferent arteriole?
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capillaries leave glomerulus
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Function of Loop of Henle?
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create an osmotic gradient-going down loop osmolarity increases till it reaches a max, and increases as it goes up ascending loop
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How does filtration occur?
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Blood pressure forces fluid into glomerulus and into Bowmans capsule
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What does thin ascending loop of Loop of henle do?
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Increase permeability to Na+ and Cl-, decrease permeability to water, ions flow out and increases osmolarity- urine is now diluted
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What does thick ascending limb of loop of Henle do?
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Decrease permeability to water, Na+ and Cl- is pumped out, increases medulla osmolarity, filtrate even more dilue
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What does thin decending limb do?
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Increase permeability to water due to aquaporins, cells have low permeability to Na+ and other solutes, higher osmolarity in medulla, decreases filtrate volume of water and increase solute concentration
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What is the vasa recta?
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blood supply of kidneys
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What is the distal convoluted tubule?
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duct between the loop of Henle and the collecting duct
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what is the proximal convoluted tubule?
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duct that leads the Bowman's capsule to the loop of Henle
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The osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus responds to what stimuli?
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increase in blood osmolarity (dehydration, sweating), and releases ADH
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What does ADH do?
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stimulate kidney/distal tubules/collecting ducts to increase water permeability by exocytosis or aquaporins, increase osmolarity
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What is the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)?
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Tissue found near the afferent arteriole. Releases renin in presence of angiotensinogen
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Describe negative feedback loop in response to decreased blood pressure (or low blood volume)
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Liver releases angiotensin-renin(made by JGA of kidney) converts to angiotensin I-ACE enzyme converts this into active angiotensin II that causes vasoconstriction and aldosterone secretion.
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What does aldoesterone secretion affect?
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Increases Na+/Cl- reabsorption, which increases water resabsorption, increasing blood pressure and blood volume
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What is diabetes insipidus?
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Deficiency in ADH/ADH receptors, characterized by excretion of large amounts of dilute urine
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What is diabetes mellitus?
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Urine contains glucose, caused by lack of insulin/insulin action- high amounts of blood glucose
proximal tubule cant reabsorb all of glucose so some ends in filtrate- decreases osmolarity, less water is reabsorbed-dilute volume |
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What is the difference between the proximal tubule and the distal tubule?
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Proximal-excretion of ammonia an H+,
Distal-excretion of K+, uses aldosterone Both reabsorbs NaCl |
