Week 8.4 Ophthalmology-Turley Medical Language

Front 1

the term used in grammar for "a person from whom something takes its name:"

Back 1

eponym

Front 2

Give an ophthalmology term that is an example of an eponym:

Back 2

meibomian;
glands on the edges of the eyelids that secrete oil, which keeps tears in the eyes

Front 3

What is another name for meibomian gland?

Back 3

sebaceous glands

Front 4

collective word for the structures of the iris, choroid, & ciliary body

Back 4

uvea, or uveal tract

Front 5

small opening in the sclera through which aqueous humor drains is called:

Back 5

canal of Schlemm

Front 6

what gives shape to the eye?

Back 6

vitreous humor
(located in the posterior cavity)

Front 7

location where the optic nerve enters the eye:

Back 7

optic disk

Front 8

optic nerve is cranial nerve __

Back 8

cranial nerve II

Front 9

bright yellow-white circle with sharp edges on the side of the retina closest to the nose:

Back 9

the optic disk

Front 10

a dark yellow-orange area with distinctive edges located on the retina containing the fovea:

Back 10

macula

Front 11

the area of greatest visual acuity:

Back 11

fovea

Front 12

general word for retina and its structures:

Back 12

fundus

Front 13

EOM

Back 13

extraocular movements

Front 14

How many extraocular muscles control the movements of the eye?
NAME THEM

Back 14

6

1. superior rectus muscle;
2. inferior rectus muscle;
3. medial rectus muscle;
4. lateral rectus muscle;
5. superior oblique muscle;
6. inferior oblique muscle

Front 15

relating to muscles, the meaning of rectus:

Back 15

straight

Front 16

relating to muscles, the meaning of oblique:

Back 16

slanted

Front 17

The extraocular muscles and the muscles that control movement of the eyelids are controlled by which cranial nerves?

Back 17

cranial nerves II through VI

Front 18

cells sensitive to all levels of light but not to color:

Back 18

rods

Front 19

these cells work in very dim light:

Back 19

rods

Front 20

these cells are sensitive to color:

Back 20

cones

Front 21

which of the light-sensitive cells are located on the macula?

Back 21

cones

(there are no rods on the macula)

Front 22

Name the different kinds of cones:

Back 22

1. those sensitive to red light;
2. those sensitive to green light;
3. those sensitive to blue light

Front 23

crossroads in the brain where parts of the right and left optic nerves cross and join the other optic nerve:

Back 23

optic chiasm

Front 24

3-dimensional vision with depth perception is called:

Back 24

stereoscopic vision

Front 25

relay station in the brain that receives sensory nerve impulses from the optic nerves and sends them to the visual centers in the occipital lobes of the brain:

Back 25

thalamus

Front 26

areas in the right and left occipital lobes of the brain that merge images from both eyes to create a single image that is right side up and in its original direction, matching the original object seen:

Back 26

visual cortex

Front 27

red, triangular tissue at the medial corner of the eye:

Back 27

caruncle

Front 28

this structure controls the shape of the lens:

Back 28

ciliary body

Front 29

border between the transparent edge of the cornea and the white, fibrous sclera:

Back 29

limbus

Front 30

another name for the eyeball:

Back 30

optic globe

Front 31

the bony socket of the eye:

Back 31

the orbit

Front 32

Inflammation or infection of the eyelid with redness, crusts, and scfales at the bases of the eyelashes, caused by allergy or infection (or chronic by rosacea, seborrheic dermatitis, or an infection from microscopic mites that live in the sebaceous glands and eyelash follicles:

Back 32

blepharitis

Front 33

drooping of the UPPER eyelid from excessive fat or sagging of the tissues due to age (or myasthenia gravis or stroke):

Back 33

blepharoptosis

Front 34

weakening of the CONNECTIVE TISSUE in the lower eyelid in older patients (lower eyelid turns outward):

Back 34

extropion

Front 35

weaking of the MUSCLE in the lower eyelid in older patients, resulting in the eyelid turning inward:

Back 35

entropion

Front 36

red, painful swelling or pimple containing pus near the edge of the eyelid:

Back 36

hordeolum

Front 37

A hordeolum that becomes a small, firm, painless lump is called a:

Back 37

chalazion

Front 38

What is the most likely cause of a hordeolum?

Back 38

stapphylococcus infection in the sebaceous (meibomian) gland

Front 39

infection of the lacrimal sac by the bacterium that causes skin, nose, and ear infections. Lacrimal sac is tender and contains pus:

Back 39

dacryocystitis

Front 40

insufficient production of tears with eye irritation, associated with the aging process or an ectropion:

Back 40

xerophthalmia

Front 41

inflamed, reddened, swollen conjunctivae with dilated blood vessels on the sclerae, caused by foreign substance in the eye, allergens, chlorination in water, etc:

Back 41

conjunctivitis

Front 42

loss of the superficial layers of the cornea due to trauma or repetitive irritation, like foreign substance under a contact:

Back 42

corneal abrasion

Front 43

Chronic bacterial infection in a corneal abrasion causes a:

Back 43

corneal ulcer

Front 44

a more specific term for a corneal ulcer:

Back 44

ulcerative keratitis

Front 45

pronounced outward bulging of the anterior surface of the eye, with a startled, staring expression:

Back 45

exophthalmos

Front 46

yellow coloration of the conjunctiva which makes the sclerae also appear yellow, caused by jaundice or liver disease:

Back 46

scleral icterus

Front 47

A patient WITHOUT scleral icterus is said to be:

Back 47

anicteric

Front 48

unequal sizes of the pupils:

Back 48

anisocoria

Front 49

increased intraocular pressure (IOP) because aqueous humor cannot circulate freely:

Back 49

glaucoma

Front 50

type of glaucoma where the area between the iris and cornea is open and normal, but the trabecular meshwork is blocked is called:

Back 50

open-angle glaucoma

Front 51

kind of glaucoma that caused severe pain, blurred vision, and photophobia:

Back 51

closed-angle glaucoma

Front 52

kind of glaucoma caused by closure of the anterior angle by contact between the iris and the inner surface of the trabecular meshwork

Back 52

closed-angle glaucoma

Front 53

adhesion of the whole rim of the iris to the lens.

Back 53

annular synechia

Front 54

surgery to relieve closed-angle glaucoma:

Back 54

laser trabeculoplasty

Front 55

condition in which the lens has been surgically removed:

Back 55

aphakia

(the patient is described as being asphakic.)

Front 56

What is the surgical treatment of diabetic retinopathy?

Back 56

laser photocoagulation

Front 57

ARMD

Back 57

age-related macular degeneration

Front 58

Inflammation and edema of the optic disc, caused by increased intracranial pressure from a brain tumor or head trauma:

Back 58

papilledema

Front 59

another name for papilladema:

Back 59

choked disc

Front 60

separation of the retina from the choroid layer beneath it:

Back 60

retinal detachment

Front 61

What is the surgical treatment for retinal detachment:

Back 61

retinopexy with cryotherapy or laser photocoagulation

Front 62

inherited abnormality linked to 70 different genes, where retina has abnormal deposits of pigmentation behind the rods and cones, causing loss of color vision or night vision and loss of central or perpheral vision, and can progress to blindness:

Back 62

retinitis pigmentosa (RP)

Front 63

What is the treatment for retinitis pigmentosa?

Back 63

NONE

Front 64

cancerous tumor of the retina in children, arising from abnormal embryoinc retinal cells:

Back 64

retinoblastoma

Front 65

What is the treatment for retinoblastoma?

Back 65

chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgical excision

Front 66

disease in which retinal tissue is replaced with fibrous tissue b/c of therapy using high levels of oxygen in premature babies with immature lungs:

Back 66

retinopathy of prematurity

Front 67

What is another name for retinopathy of prematurity?

Back 67

retrolental fibroplasia

Front 68

treatment for retrolental fibroplasia:

Back 68

photocoagulation

Front 69

involuntary rhythmic motions of the eye, particularly when looking to the side:

Back 69

nystagmus

Front 70

In nystagmus, each back-and-forth motion is known as:

Back 70

"a beat"

Front 71

Two common causes of nystagmus:

Back 71

multiple sclerosis and Meniere's disease

Front 72

deviation of one or both eyes medially or laterally is known as:

Back 72

strabismus

Front 73

medial deviation of one or both eyes is known as:

Back 73

esotropia

(toward the nose)

Front 74

lateral deviation of one or both eyes is known as:

Back 74

exotropia

(toward the ear)

Front 75

another name for exotropia:

Back 75

wall-eye

Front 76

what is the treatment for strabismus?

Back 76

surgery to reposition the extraocular muscles (done early in childhood)

Front 77

diagnostic procedure in which dye is injected intravenously, used to detect microaneurysms, leakage, & hemorrhages in diabetic patients:

Back 77

fluorescein angiography

Front 78

diagnostic procedure in which dye is applied topically to the cornea & viewed with a blue light to detect corneal abrasions & ulcers:

Back 78

fluorescein staining

Front 79

diagnostic procedure for glaucoma that used a slit lamp with a special lens that illuminates the trabecular meshwork:

Back 79

gonioscopy

Front 80

diagnostic procedure to look for abnormalities of the cornea, anterior chamber, iris, or lens, using an instrument that combines a low-power microscope (bioscope) for magnification with a high-intensity light beam whose width can be adjusted:

Back 80

slit-lamp examination

Front 81

diagnostic procedure for increased intraocular pressure and glaucoma in which a flat disk is pressed against the cornea to record the intraocular pressure:

Back 81

tonometry

Front 82

diagnostic procedure to measure the intraocular pressure & glaucoma using an instrument emits a short puff of air and measures the pressure of the air rebounding from the cornea without touching the patient's eye:

Back 82

air-puff tonometry

Front 83

diagnostic procedure for near and distance vision:

Back 83

visual acuity test

Front 84

radiographic procedure that uses high-frequency sound waves to create an image of the eye:

Back 84

ultrasonography

Front 85

particular name for the kind of ultrasound that measures the eye prior to intraocular lens insertion:

Back 85

A-scan ultrasound

Front 86

particular name for the kind of ultrasound that creates a 2-dimensional image of the inside of the eye to show tumors or hemorrhages.

Back 86

B-scan ultrasound

Front 87

what is the visual acuity of a patient that is legally blind?

Back 87

20/200

Front 88

name of the condition in which the brain ignores the visual image from an eye with strabismus (usually) or an eye that is cloudy or unfocused:

Back 88

amblyopia

Front 89

treatment to correct amblyopia:

Back 89

eye patch over the normal eye until the brain accepts the vision from the other eye

Front 90

two visual fields are seen rather than one fused image:

Back 90

diplopia

Front 91

temporary or permanent visual field defect in one or both eyes, of varying size, and can be patchy or solid, stationary or moving, caused by glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, or macular degeneration:

Back 91

scotoma

Front 92

loss of vision in one half of the visual field, right or left, top or bottom:

Back 92

hemianopia

Front 93

a moving line of brilliantly flashing colors that a patient may see before a migraine headache:

Back 93

scintillating scotoma

Front 94

medical procedure to test the ability of the ciliary muscles and ligaments to contract and flex the lens as demonstrated on near and distance visual acuity tests:

Back 94

accommodation

Front 95

medical procedure to test the ability of both eyes to turn medially where the physician holds up an index finger and moves progressively closer to the patient's nose to test the function of the medial rectus muscles:

Back 95

convergence

Front 96

the maximum convergence is called:

Back 96

"the near point"

Front 97

medical procedure to examine the posterior cavity, after instilling mydriatic drops & using a handheld instrument with a light and changeable lenses of different strengths to examine the retina from all angles:

Back 97

dilated funduscopy

Front 98

the process of instilling mydriatic eye drops to dilate the pupil is known as:

Back 98

cycloplegia

Front 99

medical procedure in which the eye is covered with a soft bandage and a hard outer shield after eye surgery or eye trauma, or to treat amblyopia:

Back 99

eye patching

Front 100

medical procedure to test the extraocular muscles where the patient follows the physician's finger from side to side and up and down:

Back 100

gaze testing

Front 101

term used when gaze testing when both eyes move together:

Back 101

conjugate gaze

Front 102

the term used in gaze testing when the eyes do not move together:

Back 102

dysconjugate gaze

Front 103

conjugate gaze is documented in the patient's record as:

Back 103

EOMI
extraocular movements intact

Front 104

medical procedure to test the visual acuity at the edges of the visual field where the physician moves an object from behind the patient's head toward the edge of the visual field (top to bottom, side to side):

Back 104

peripheral vision (testing)

Front 105

medical procedure to select the strength of lens that corrects the patient's refractive error and gives 20/20 vision:

Back 105

phorometry

Front 106

phor/o-

Back 106

range

Front 107

medical procedure to test that the pupils constrict briskly and equally in response to bright light:

Back 107

pupillary response

Front 108

how is pupillary response documented in the patient's record?

Back 108

PERRL
pupils equal, round, & reactive to light

Front 109

What 3 measurements are taken and noted in a prescription for corrected lenses?

Back 109

Sphere,
Cylinder,
Axis

Front 110

What does a plus sign (+) indicate before a number in a prescription for corrective lenses?

Back 110

+ indicates that a convex lense is needed to correct farsightedness

Front 111

What does a minus sign (-) indicate before a number in a prescription for corrective lenses?

Back 111

- indicates that a concave lens is needed to correct nearsightedness

Front 112

What is the shape of a "convex lens?"

Back 112

a convex lens is thicker in the center than at the edges

Front 113

What is the shape of a "concave lens?"

Back 113

a concave lens is thinner in the center and thicker at the edges

Front 114

What is the unit of measurement for the refractive power of a lens?

Back 114

prism diopters (PD)

Front 115

In a prescription for corrective lenses, a higher number indicates what about the lens?

Back 115

that a more powerful lens is needed for correction

Front 116

what is the name of the measurement taken to indicate the lens needed to correct the extent of astimatism of the cornea, where the measurement given is the difference between the most curved and least curved areas on the central part of the cornea?

Back 116

cylinder

Front 117

What is the name of the measurement given to represent the number of degrees of deviation from a horizontal line (0-180 degrees), (the most curved to least curved areas of the cornea can be oriented in any direction):

Back 117

axis

Front 118

NAME THE SURGICAL PROCEDURE:
plastic surgery procedure to the eyelids to remove fat and sagging skin:

Back 118

blepharoplasty

Front 119

NAME THE SURGICAL PROCEDURE:
surgical procedure that is only done after a cataract extraction when the remaining posterior lens capsule becomes cloudy or wrinkled; a YAG laser is used to make an opening in the capsule to restore normal vision:

Back 119

capsulotomy

Front 120

NAME THE SURGICAL PROCEDURE:
surgical procedure to remove a lens affected by a cataract

Back 120

cataract extraction

Front 121

NAME THE SURGICAL PROCEDURE:
surgical procedure in which an incision is made in the sclera to remove the lens, but the posterior lens capsule is left in place:

Back 121

extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE

Front 122

NAME THE SURGICAL PROCEDURE:
surgical procedure in which a small, stitchless, self-sealing incision is made in the cornea and an ultrasonic probe is inserted to break up the lens:

Back 122

phacoemulsion

Front 123

NAME THE SURGICAL PROCEDURE:
surgical procedure in which the lens and the entire lens capsule are removed:

Back 123

intracapsular cataract extraction (ICCE)
(performed less often)

Front 124

NAME THE SURGICAL PROCEDURE:
surgical procedure to replace a damaged or diseased cornea and replace with a cadaver (donor) cornea:

Back 124

corneal transplantation

Front 125

NAME THE SURGICAL PROCEDURE:
surgical procedure to remove the entire eye due to trauma or disease:

Back 125

enucleation

Front 126

NAME THE SURGICAL PROCEDURE:
surgical procedure to correct farsightedness by using heat to shrink tissues around the edges of the cornea to produce a greater curvature in the cornea that corrects the refractive error:

Back 126

hyperopia surgery

Front 127

NAME THE SURGICAL PROCEDURE:
hyperopia surgery that used radiowaves delivered by a probe as thin as a hair in spots around the edge of the cornea:

Back 127

conductive keratoplasty (CK)

Front 128

NAME THE SURGICAL PROCEDURE:
surgery to correct hyperopia which uses a laser to simultaneouly place spots in two concentric circles around the cornea:

Back 128

laser thermal keratoplasty (LTK)

Front 129

NAME THE SURGICAL PROCEDURE:
surgical procedure to seal leaking or hemorrhaging retinal blood vessels or reattach a retina by use of laser to coagulate the tissue:

Back 129

laser photocoagulation

Front 130

NAME THE SURGICAL PROCEDURE:
procedure done to remove the vitreous humor in which blood has blocked the laser from reaching the retina:

Back 130

vitrectomy

Front 131

"laser" is an acronym for the words:

Back 131

"light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation"

Front 132

NAME THE SURGICAL PROCEDURE:
surgical procedure to correct nearsightedness in which a 3-dimensional corneal map is created preoperatively and rogrammed into the laser:

Back 132

myopia surgery

Front 133

NAME THE SURGICAL PROCEDURE:
surgical procedure to correct myopia in which a microkeratome creates a very thin flap on the surface of the cornea, peeled back, and an excimer laser used to reshape the underlying cornea:

Back 133

LASIK
laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis

Front 134

what does LASIK stand for:

Back 134

laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis

Front 135

-mileusis

Back 135

process of carving

Front 136

name of a type of laser that is cold and cuts tissue without heating it:

Back 136

excimer laser

Front 137

NAME THE SURGICAL PROCEDURE:
surgical procedure to correct myopia using an excimer laser to reshape the curvature of the cornea without the creation of a corneal surface flap:

Back 137

photorefractive keratectomy (PRK)

Front 138

NAME THE SURGICAL PROCEDURE:
surgical procedure to reattach a retina using cryotherapy to freeze the tissue and fix all 3 layers (sclera, choroid, retina) together:

Back 138

retinopexy

Front 139

NAME THE SURGICAL PROCEDURE:
surgical procedure to correct esotropia or exotropia:

Back 139

strabismus surgery

Front 140

NAME THE SURGICAL PROCEDURE:
kind of strabismus surgery in which the extraocular muscle on one side is shortened:

Back 140

resection

Front 141

NAME THE SURGICAL PROCEDURE:
kind of strabismus surgery in which the extraocular muscle on the other side is lengthened and reattached:

Back 141

recession

Front 142

NAME THE SURGICAL PROCEDURE:
surgical procedure to treat open-angle glaucoma in which an argon laser is used to create small holes in half of the trabecular meshwork to increase the flow of aqueous humor:

Back 142

trabeculoplasty

(good for about 5 years)