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137 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
the optic disk is also known as:
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the optic nerve head
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shallow central depression on the optic disk is known as:
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the cup
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the blind spot of the eye:
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optic disk;
(where the arteries & veins enter the eye) |
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central portion of the retina concerned with central vision and the most sensitive part of the eye:
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the macula lutea;
(macula) |
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bundle of fibers that carry the visual impulses to the brain:
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optic tracts
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location of the anterior chamber: (between . . . )
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between the cornea and the iris
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location of the posterior chamber: (between. . . )
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between the iris and the lens
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the medial junction or angle between the upper and lower eyelids is called:
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inner canthus
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the lateral or temporal (outer) angle between the upper and lower eyelids is called:
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the outer canthus
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the specific name for the conjunctiva covering the scleral surface:
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bulbar conjunctiva
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the specific name for the conjunctiva lining the underside of the eyelids:
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palpebral conjunctiva
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tears are produced by:
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lacrimal gland
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tears are drained by way of:
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lacrimal puncta
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minute openings at the inner canthus:
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lacrimal puncta
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name the 3 SPECIFIC cranial nerves that control eye movement:
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cranial nerve III=oculomotor nerve;
cranial nerve IV=trochlear nerve; cranial nerve VI=abducens nerve |
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_________ controls focus
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ciliary body
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__________controls light/dark adaptation
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iris
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a pupil that constricts when the subject focuses on a near object, but not when the eye is stimulated with light;
due to central nervous system disease, most often syphilis: |
Argyll Robertson pupil;
one which is miotic and which responds to accommodation effort, but not to light. |
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tapering of a venule where an arteriole crosses it:
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AV (arteriovenous) nicking
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spasm of the eyelids, usually due to local irritation, photophobia, or both:
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blepharospasm
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marked watery edema and bulging of the conjunctiva:
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chemosis
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a congenital defect in the iris, in which a wedgepshaped segment is absent, giving a keyhole appearance:
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coloboma iridis
colomboma--particularly, a defect of ocular tissue, usually due to malclosure of the fetal intraocular fissure, or sometimes from trauma or disease. Such anomalies range from a small pit in the optic disk to extensive defects in the iris, ciliary body, choroid, retina, or optic disk. A scotoma is usually present, corresponding to the area of the coloboma. |
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increasing of the depression normally present on the optic disk, possibly due to glaucoma or atrophy of the optic nerve:
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cupping of the disk
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seeing 2 overlapping 2-dimensional images instead of one 3-dimensional images:
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diplopia
(double vision) |
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eversion means:
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turning outward
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inversion means:
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turning inward
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eversion and drooping of the lower eyelid, exposing the conjunctival surface and allowing overflo of tears:
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extropion
(note: ion, not ian) |
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inward turning of the margin of the lower eyelid, often so that the lower lashes touch the eyeball:
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entropion
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chronic overflow of tears from the lower eyelid onto the cheek, possibly due to blockage of the lacrimal duct or ectropion:
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epiphora
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abnormal bulging of the eye between the lids:
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exophthalmus
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the rear of the interior of the eye, consisting of the retina, its blood vessels, and the optic nerve head:
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fundus
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any of several related disorders in which sustained elevation of increased intraocular pressure can lead to irreversible impairment of vision:
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glaucoma
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presence of blood in the anterior chamber:
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hyphema
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presence of pus in the anterior chamber:
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hypopyon
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increased flow of tears:
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lacrimation
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sustained constriction of the pupil, which may be due to ocular or nervous system disease or to the effect of drugs (pilocarpine or morphine)
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miosis
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sustained dilation of the pupil, which may be due to ocular or nervous system disease or to the effect of drugs (atropine or cyclopentolate)
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mydriasis
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marked reduction of visual acuity at night:
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nyctalopia
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another name for "night blindness":
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nyctalopia
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a rhythmic back-and-forth movement of the eyes usually due to congenital abnormality or central nervous system disorder:
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nystagmus
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serous, mucous, or purulent material on conjunctival surfaces, often gluing the eyelids together or producing crusting of the eyelids, usually due to infection or allergy:
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ocular discharge
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swelling of the optic disk, as observed with an ophthalmoscope, usually due to increased intracranial pressure or intrinsic eye disease:
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papilledema
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another term for "papilledema":
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choked disk
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inflammation of the optic nerve
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optic neuritis
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the two principal types of optic neuritis, named according to the part of the nerve affected:
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intraocular optic neuritis;
retrobulbar optic neuritis |
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termed used to describe the kinked appearance of the retinal vessels emerging from a swollen optic disk:
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"stepping of vessels"
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aversion to bright light, which causes a sense of pain in the eye, usually because of irritability or spasm of the iris:
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photophobia
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the slight central depression normally seen in the optic nerve head:
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physiologic cupping
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drooping of the upper eyelid that cannot be fully corrected by voluntary effort:
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ptosis
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inflammation of the retina:
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retinitis
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a blind spot; a gap in the visual field of one or both eyes in which objects cannot be seen:
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scotoma
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the sensation of a luminous appearance before the eyes, with a zigzag, wall-like outline; it may be a migraine aura. Called also fortification spectrum, flittering scotoma, and scintillating scotoma.
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teichopsia
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defective vision or blindness in half of the visual field of one or both eyes; loosely, scotoma in less than half of the visual field of one or both eyes.
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hemianopia
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a general term for any condition in which the direction of gaze is different in the 2 eyes, as noted by the observer:
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stabismus
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a growing inward of some eyelash hairs, with resultant irritation of the eye:
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trichiasis
(trich/o-=hair); eyelash |
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abnormal dryness of the eye:
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xerophthalmia
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GIVE THE MEDICAL TERM FOR THE LAY TERM FOR:
blindness |
amaurosis
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GIVE THE MEDICAL TERM FOR THE LAY TERM FOR:
crossed eyes |
esotropia
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GIVE THE MEDICAL TERM FOR THE LAY TERM FOR:
double vision |
diplopia
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GIVE THE MEDICAL TERM FOR THE LAY TERM FOR:
farsightedness |
hyperopia
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GIVE THE MEDICAL TERM FOR THE LAY TERM FOR:
lazy eye |
amblyopia
ambly- = dullness |
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GIVE THE MEDICAL TERM FOR THE LAY TERM FOR:
nearsigntedness |
myopia
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GIVE THE MEDICAL TERM FOR THE LAY TERM FOR:
wall-eye |
exotropia
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GIVE THE MEDICAL TERM FOR THE LAY TERM FOR:
white of the eye |
sclera; sclerae
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imbalance when the eyes cannot be made to look in the same direction is called:
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tropia
ex: exotropia, endotropia |
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visual fields can be roughly tested by the examiner using the flashlight. This form of examination is termed:
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confrontation method
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which part of the interior of the eye can the examiner view with an ophthalmoscope?
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the optic fundus
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How is far vision tested?
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Snellen eye chart
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How is near vision tested?
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using a set of Jaeger test types
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ordinary printer's type of seven different sizes imprinted on a card; used in testing near vision.
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Jaeger test type
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block letters used in testing visual acuity, so designed that the whole letter subtends, at the appropriate distance, a visual angle usually of 5 minutes, and each component part subtends an angle of 1 minute.
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Snellen test type
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relating to visual acuity of 20/20, the denominator represents:
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the normal distance at which a person with normal vision can see the line on the chart
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relating to visual acuity of 20/20, the numerator represents:
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the standard distance between the patient and the chart
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relating to a visual acuity of 20/40, what do these values represent?
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20 represents the normal distance between the patient and the chart;
40 represents the distance from which a person with normal vision could see the same line |
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What is a standard test given to people over 40?
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tonometry test for glaucoma
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If the doctor dictates "twenty two hundred," how is that transcribed?
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20/200
20 is ALWAYS the 1st number |
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a set of charts showing various geometric patterns in black and white, e.g., grids or parallel lines, used for detecting defects of the central visual field:
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Amsler chart or
Amsler grid |
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the use of an instrument containing lenses of various powers to measure deficiencies of near & distant vision more precisely than with charts alone:
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refraction
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determination of the extent of the peripheral visual field by use of a perimeter
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perimetry
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the essential component needed prior to prescribing spectacles:
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the refraction--the sum total of measuring the refractive error of the eye
(refractometry) |
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What phrase does the dictator use when referring to the total dioptic power added to a distance prescription to supplement accommodation for reading?
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"reading add"
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OD
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right eye
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OS
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left eye
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OU
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both eyes
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the term used for coursely granulated appearance sometimes seen in conjunctivitis:
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"cobblestoning"
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two types of chlamydial conjunctivitis are:
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C
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Name the 2 forms of diabetic retinopathy:
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proliferative retinopathy; &
nonproliferative retinopathy |
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diabetic retinopathy in which there is formation of new blood vessels in the retina:
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proliferative retinopathy
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diabetic retinopathy in which changes are limited to venous dilatation, microaneurysms, retinal hemorrhages, hard exudates and retinal edema:
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nonproliferative retinopathy
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a complete encirclement of the macula by radially disposed streaks (seen in diabetic retinopathy) is termed:
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a macular "star figure"
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term for a transient deviation of one eye from the normal position with respect to the other which is symptomatic only in the presence of fatigue, fever, or alcohol or drug abuse:
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heterophoria
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term for persistent deviation of one or both eyes due to congenital ocular muscle weakness or imbalance:
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heteroptropia
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term for dulling of vision that can result from heterotropia and cannot be corrected with lenses:
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amblyopia
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term for normal vision:
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emmetropia
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which is more common: myopia or hyperopia?
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myopia
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NAME THE DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE:
instrumental determination of changes in electrical potential of the retina in response to light stimuli; identifies visual abnormalities due to retinal disease: |
electroretinography
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NAME THE DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE:
inspection of the fundus (the rear of the interior of the eye, consisting of the retina, its blood vessels, and the optic nerve head): |
funduscopic examination
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NAME THE DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE:
a corneal procedure for visual correction in which a flap of anterior corneal stroma is dissected, the deeper layers are partially ablated with the laser, and the hinged superficial flap is then replaced: |
LASIK
laser in situ keratomileusis |
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keratoplasty in which the excimer laser and microkeratome are combined for vision correction; the microkeratome is used to shave a thin slice and create a hinged flap in the cornea, the flap is reflected back, the exposed cornea is reshaped by the laser, and the flap is replaced, without sutures, to heal back into position:
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LASIK
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x-rays or MRI of the skull with emphasis on the orbits to identify orbital or intraocular foreign body:
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orbital imaging
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a means of assessing peripheral vision by testing the subjects's ability to discern moving objects or flashing lights at the extreme periphery of the visual fields:
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perimetry
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fragmentation of the lens of the eye with ultrasound:
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phacoemulsification
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a vision correction procedure using computer-guided excimer laser ablation to reprofile the anterior corneal curvature:
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photorefractive keratectomy (PRK)
or tracker-assisted photorefractive keratectomy (T-PRK) |
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imaging of the retinal arteries with fluorescein injected into an arm vein:
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retinal arteriography
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fixation of the retina in its proper position with the injection of a bubble of gas into the interior of the eye in the vitreous cavity:
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pneumatic retinopexy
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gases used in pneumatic retinopexy:
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perfluoropropane, or
sulfur hexafluorine |
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phrase used to describe an abnormal finding on a slit-lamp examination to mean diminished clarity of the aqueous humor due to protein leakage from the iris + swirls of inflammatory cells in the anterior chamber due to inflammation:
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"flares and cells"
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term for an abnormal finding on a slit-lamp examination of whitish deposits of inflammatory cells on the posterior surface of the cornea:
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keratic precipitates (KPs)
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NAME THE LABORATORY TEST:
which may be ordered if arteriovenous nicking of the eye vessels occurs, to rule out diabetes mellitus: |
blood glucose
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NAME THE LABORATORY TEST:
which may be ordered to rule out a herpesvirus that is often not symptomatic but can cause infections, and particularly virulent in persons with AIDS, resulting in a particular retinitis: |
cytomegalovirus (CMV)
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NAME THE LABORATORY TEST:
which may be ordered if bulging eyes are noted, to rule out thyroid disease: |
thyroid panel
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SOUND ALIKES:
give the meanings of each: anisocoria; anisophoria |
anisophoria--a condition in which the balance of the vertical muscles of one eye differs from that of the other eye, so that the visual lines do not lie in the same horizontal plane;
anisocoria--inequality in diameter of the pupils. |
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SOUND ALIKES:
give the meanings of each: intraocular; intralocular |
intraocular--within the eye
intralocular--within the loculus--a small space or cavity. 2. a local enlargement of the uterus in some mammals, containing an embryo. |
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Normal pressure of eye (measured by tonometry)
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10-21 mmHg
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Expansion of abbreviation:
A-V ratio |
arteriole-venule ratio;
used in description of Keith-Wagener-Barker classification used in assessing the eye for hypertension; normal A-V ratio is 4:5 |
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Expansion of abbreviation:
AV nicking |
arteriovenous nicking--tapering of a venule where an arteriole crosses it
|
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Expansion of abbreviation:
IOL |
intraocular lens
|
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ARMD
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age-related macular degeneration
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CK
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conductive keratoplasty
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ECCE
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extracapsular cataract extraction
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EOM
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extraocular movements
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EOMI
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extraocular muscles intact
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ICCE
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intracapsular cataract extraction
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IOP
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intraocular pressure
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LTK
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laser thermal keratoplasty
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PD
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prism diopter
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PRK
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photorefractive keratectomy
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ROP
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retinopathy of prematurity
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RP
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retinitis pigmentosa
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VF
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visual field
|
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LASIK
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laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis
|
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In what form are ophthalmic drugs usually prescribed?
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%
|
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a transient episode of blindness or partial blindness affecting one eye, caused by ischemia of the eye and lasting ten minutes or less
|
amaurosis fugax
(transient monocular blindness) |
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test is used to test tear production using a
piece of filter paper that is inserted over the conjunctival sac of the lower lid: |
Schirmer test
|
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another term for "lazy eye":
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amblyopia
|
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an applanation tonometer in which air pressure applied through a silicone-rubber membrane in direct contact with the cornea is used to flatten the cornea.
(from RMT CD) |
pneumatonometer
|
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The lens is:
A. concave B. convex |
convex
(according to the MT Workbook) |