Week 8-Anatomy Self Study

Front 1

What does the muscular component of the diaphragm attach to "centrally"?

Back 1

Central tendon of the diaphragm

Front 2

What passes through the diaphragm @ the level of the 19th thoracic vertebral body?
What other structure accompanies it?

Back 2

Esophagus
Vagus Nerve

Front 3

What is the effect on diaphragm function if the right phrenic nerve is damaged?

Back 3

Right hemidiaphragm is paralyzed-expansion of lung on affected side more difficult.

Front 4

What are the two muscles in the posterior abdomen that form the chief flexor of the thigh?

Back 4

Iliacus and psoas

Front 5

Where does the kidneys originate during development?

Back 5

In the pelvis

Front 6

What is the order of structures at the hilum of the kidney? (looking from inside if cut open)

Back 6

Vein, artery, ureter/renal pelvis

Front 7

What are the major structures in the kidney medulla?

Back 7

Renal pyramids

Front 8

Into what structure does the renal papillae empty urine?

Back 8

Minor calyx

Front 9

What is the name of the fatty "encasement" that surrounds the kidney?

Back 9

perirenal fat

Front 10

Why are accessory/aberrant renal arteries common?

Back 10

During its ascent out of the pelvis, the kidneys lose & re-establish their arterial supply and thus may have multiple branches rather than just one renal artery to each kidney.

Front 11

How can accessory. aberrant renal arteries lead to hydronephrosis?

Back 11

Accessory arteries to the inferior pole of the kidney can compress the ureter, this restricting urine flow and eventual dilation of the collecting system w/in the kidney w/ backed up urine

Front 12

What are end arteries and give 4 examples?

Back 12

Arteries that do not anastomose w. other arteries. Examples are vasa recti, segmental renal arteries, segmental hepatic arteries, segmental pulmonary arteries, and the appendicular artery (which is a named vas recti).

Front 13

What is the shape of the left suprarenal gland?

Back 13

crescent

Front 14

Where is the hilum of the suprarenal gland?

Back 14

Where the suprarenal vein exits the gland

Front 15

Name the 5 different paired arteries off the abdominal aorta, from superior to inferior?

Back 15

-Inferior phrenic artery
-renal
- testicular/ovarian
- lumbar
- common iliac

Front 16

At what lumbar level does the aorta bifurcate?

Back 16

L4

Front 17

Into what venous structure does most of the veins of the retroperitoneum drain on the right vs the left side?

Back 17

Right-IVC
Left-left renal vein

Front 18

On the left side, what does the left renal vein pass over to reach the IVC?

Back 18

Aorta

Front 19

What nerves of the lumbar plexus are involved in the cremaster reflex?

Back 19

Cremaster refles tests integrity of L1-L2 spinal corde level. By stroking the skin over the femoral triangle, the cremaster muscle reflexly contracts, raising the testicle. Nerve involves is mostly the genitofemoral nerve, but some sensory from ilioinguinal nerve.

Front 20

What are the two lumbar plexus nerves that innervate the thigh?

Back 20

Femoral and obturator

Front 21

What nerve gives parasympathetic innervation to most of the GI tract?

Back 21

Vagus

Front 22

What is the result of parasympathetic innervation to the gut?

Back 22

Increased peristalsis, increased secretion of digestive juice, sphincter control.

Front 23

What are visceral afferents and what is the characteristic of the pain associated with them compared to somatic afferents?

Back 23

Sensory nerves of the GI tract. Visceral afferents that carry pain perception are though stretch receptors. In it perceived as dull, achy, poorly localized pains over general areas either referred to the midline or over the affected solid organs.

Front 24

In the gut, what does increased sympathetic tone result in the GI tract?

Back 24

Vasoconstriction of vessels to the gut.

Front 25

In the abdominal cavity, the GI tract drains into which set of lymph nodes?

Back 25

Preaortic or intestinal nodes

Front 26

The retroperitoneum and lower extremities drains into which set of lymph nodes?

Back 26

Para-aortic or lumbar nodes

Front 27

In general, the lymphatic drainage of the abdomen and its contents follow the path of what other system?

Back 27

Blood vessels

Front 28

Into which lymph nodes do the testes/ovary drain?

Back 28

Para-aortic/lumbar nodes

Front 29

Into which lymph nodes does the scrotum initially drain into?

Back 29

Superficial inguinal nodes

Front 30

What is the key characteristic of the lumen of the esophagus following barium swallow?

Back 30

Monotonously smooth

Front 31

When the patient is lying on his/her back, what part of the stomach is most posterior and thus fills
with barium after a partial barium swallow?

Back 31

Fundus

Front 32

What internal structures are obvious on partial emptying of the stomach?

Back 32

Rugae

Front 33

What characteristic shape does the first part of the duodenum exhibit on barium filling?

Back 33

Arrow head or Christmas tree

Front 34

Where is the anatomical location of the duodeno-jejunal junction?

Back 34

Posterior to the stomach

Front 35

What is the characteristic appearance of the lumen of the jejunum on barium swallow study?

Back 35

Feathery

Front 36

The ileum is mostly located in the lower abdomen and loops fall into the........?

Back 36

pelvic cavity

Front 37

On barium enema of the large intestine what are bulges/segments of the gut called?

Back 37

haustra

Front 38

Because of the motility of the sigmoid colon, it is often _____________ on itself and rectum on
barium study.

Back 38

superimposed

Front 39

To study the lining of the large intestine, a small amount of barium is used to coat the gut lining
when placed under ____________.

Back 39

Pressurized gas

Front 40

The normal liver appears as a ________ mass in the upper right abdominal cavity.

Back 40

homogeneous

Front 41

The pancreas appears as a lightly__________ elongated tissue that stretches across the left
posterior and middle abdominal wall.

Back 41

lobulated

Front 42

_______is considered the radiologist’s “friend” because it provides a dark outline to most soft tissue
organs.

Back 42

Fat

Front 43

The ________ can be seen on the posterior abdominal cavity wall on the left upper quadrant.

Back 43

spleen

Front 44

The kidneys lie in the posterior abdominal region in a ____________ position, surrounded by
radiolucent _______________.

Back 44

1. retroperitoneal
2. perirenal fat

Front 45

On excretory or retrograde cystogram, the contents of the bile duct and pancreatic duct can be seen
emptying into the ______________.

Back 45

duodenum

Front 46

On Ultrasound gallstones appear as ____________ objects surrounded by __________
bile.

Back 46

1. white (hyperechoic)
2. dark (anechoic)

Front 47

On SMA arteriogram, the intestinal branches are mostly found ________ of the midline.

Back 47

left

Front 48

Arteriogram reveals that the two largest branches of the celiac artery are the _____________ and
___________.

Back 48

1. common hepatic
2. splenic arteries

Front 49

IMA arteriogram revealed that the _____________ is a continuation of the IMA after the
sigmoidal arteries come off.

Back 49

superior rectal

Front 50

Venogram of the IVC shows that there are ______ hepatic veins that drain the liver to the IVC.

Back 50

3

Front 51

On excretory urogram the __________ is also normally filled with excreted dye.

Back 51

urinary bladder