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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Type I
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igE mediates "allergy"
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Type II
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A/g mediated cytoticity
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Type III
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immune complex mediated
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Type IV-
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TL-mediated (DTH)
Cell mediated |
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Type 1 Details
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igE
2-30 minutes Antigen crosslinking of igE on mast cells and basophils Systemic anaphylaxis (hay fever, asthma, food allergies) |
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type 2 Details
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Antibody against cells
5-8 hours Antibody+ complement generates ADCC (antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity) Blood transfusion reactions rH reaction in fetus (blood group) |
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Type 3 Details
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Immune complex
2-8 hours antigen/antibody complexes deposited on tissue Rheumatoid arthritis Kidney damage |
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Type 4 Details
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th1/macrophages
24-72 hours th1 cytokines acting on macrophages th1 macrophages Tubercular lesions (lung scar tissues) |
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Basophil equivolents
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Mast cells tissue equivalents
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The antigen in type 1?
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allergan
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Type 1 has all the hallmarks of normal humoral response with exception of
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igE is made
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Sensitization in type 1
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igE binds to high affinity Fc receptors
igE binds before antigen binds Coated with igE before they see antigen |
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Antigen binding in type 1 causes what
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clustering of Fc receptors
Degranulation Mediators, which cause allergy sign and symptoms |
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Signs and symptoms of allergy
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1) Increase in vascular permeability
2) Vasodilation 3) Smooth muscle contraction TRACHEA CONTRACTION (Asthma) |
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Examples of allergans include
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pollen:rye grass, ragweed
ander Penicillin foods- shellfish, lactose,nuts, eggs Insects- bee stings Mold |
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Cells for type 1 reaction
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Basophils
Mast Cells There are about 10k cubic millimeter skin |
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IgE binding Fc Receptors
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affinity
1-2 times 10 minus 9 |
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Polyvalent
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more than one antibody can bind to single antigen molecule
as FcReceptors are cross-linked |
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When receptors get close together, they also talk to each other.
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Cross-talk leads to signal transduction (NFAT)
Calcium concentration increases Causing degranulation |
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Physiological response to parasites
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mechanism evolved
Parasites are usually polyvalent, meaning more than Ab can bind to antige nmolecule |
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Hypersentivity =
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allergy
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Histamine is the primary mediator
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vascular permeability up
smooth muscle contraction up- trachae (asthma and hard to breath) Histamine binds to receptors H1 receptor leading to type 1 Claratin is antihistamine binds to H1 receptor and prevents histamine binding |
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Secondary mediators of type 1- "allergy"
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Leukotrienes LTB4
Prostaglandins PGE2 Cytokines |
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What to LTB4 and PgE2 do
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Increase vascular permeability
Smooth muscleContraction increased Mucus that calcium also triggers Granules are mentioned |
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SYSTEMIC anaphylaxis
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Shock like response
Within minutes of Type 1 Occurrence within "pre-sensitized" individual Mast cells/basophils with igE on there. B cells make antibody that binds to cells Massive body wide degranulation |
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Massive degranulation during systemic anaphylaxis causes
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VASOdilation throughout body
Blood pressure drops bc all the vessels have opened up. Severed bronchi constriction- can't get enough air to survive---> suffocation |
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What is used to treat systemic anaphylaxis of type 1 allergy
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EPINEPHRINE to reduce effects
= adrenaline Sympathetic nervous system decrease vascular permeability Constrict blood vessels Smooth muscle relaxation |
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What is local anaphylaxis?
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Allergy rhinitis
Binds to mast cells in conjunctiva Nasal mucosa- swell up and can't breathe---- Stuffy. Asthma = Something near triggers, Lung tissues- bronchioles close out Food allergies = goes into GI tract, crosslink iGE in gut --> consequences Diarrhea or vomitting |
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Allergy Rhinitis
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nasal irritation or inflammation. Symptoms of rhinitis include runny nose, itching, sneezing and stuffy nose due to blockage or congestion
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Describe Type II response
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Antibody mediated
5-8 hours Ab + C' Antibody dependent cell mediate cytotoxicity example of blood transfusion and Rh reactions |
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Blood type differences
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A= antibodies against B
AB= no antibodies O= antibodies to A and B |
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Anti iGM complement- Rh+ molecule
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Baby is rh+
Mother Rh- IgM = no crossing when delivered Mixing of mothers and baby's blood |
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IgM vs. igG
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igG can cross center
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Second baby with rh+
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igG crosses center of placenta and destroys fetus (blood)
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Type 3
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Cross linking
Trying to clear out NEUTROPHILS Neutrophils are first response fcR Involve ROI (reactive oxidative intermediaries = pus) Neutrophils are activated because of depositories Ab-ag depositories in rheumatoid arthritis Damages joint tissue |
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Type 4 DTH
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th1 and cd4 IFN gamma
IFN gamma activates macrophages that destroy tissue Destroy tissues that pathogen is in |
