Week 4.2 Hematology

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abbreviation for:
micro

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mc
example: micro liters=mcL

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micro = ?

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one millionth

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hormone that stimulate red cell production?

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erythropoietin

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site of erythropoietin manufacture?

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kidney (in response to low levels of oxygen)

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HDN

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hemolytic disease of the newborn
(formerly known as erythroblastosis fetalis)
caused by Rh antibodies

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CPDA-1
(Hemotology)

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citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine
solution added to donated blood to keep it from clotting

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? is the meaning of:
apheresis
(etimology)

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Greek word meaning 'removal'

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Drug that reduces the frequency of sickle cell crisis:

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hydroxyurea
causes the body to make hemoglobin of an alternate form (fetal hemoglobin) in which red cells are not as susceptible to sickling.

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HbA

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hemoglobin in normal adults is designated as 'A type' or HbA

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HbS

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type S hemoglobin that produces sickle cells

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severe beta thalassemia is called ?

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Cooley anemia
(mostly Mediterranean descendants)

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? is the recombinant hormone given to stimulate red cell production in aplastic anemia

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EPO (also the abbreviation for erythropoeitin)

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What is the meaning of recumbinant methods?

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genetically engineered
(as EPO, recumbinant hormone given to stimulate production of red blod cells in aplastic anemia)

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NPN

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non-protein hydrogenous
referring to solutes in plasma

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PCV

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packed cell volume

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Where is albumen produced?

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the liver
(60% of plasma is albumen)
(36% of plasma is globulin)
(4% of plasma is fibrinogen)

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What is the function of:

lymphocytes

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help protect against infection

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What is the function of:

eosinophils

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protect against parasites and function in allergic reactions

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What is the function of:

basophils

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secrete substances that function in allergic reactions

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bleeding time

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Time required for blood to stop flowing from a puncture wound

normal: 8 minutes or less

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coagulation time

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time for blood to clot in a test tube

normal: less than 15 minutes

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apheresis

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procedure to remove toxic substances and autoantibodies from the blood

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TPA

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tissue plasminogen activator
enzyme that converts plasminogen into plasmin
--hemostastis--

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ABO

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blood groups A, B, AB, & O

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Ag

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antigen

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AHF

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antihemophilic factor

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AHG

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antihemophilic globulin (factor VIII)

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ALL

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acute lymphoblastic leukemia; acute lymphocytic leukemia

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ALT

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alanine transaminase; alanine aminotransaminase; SGOT

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AML

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acute myelocytic leukemia;
acute myeloblastic leukemia

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AST

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aspartate transaminase; aspartate aminotransaminase

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BMT

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bone marrow transplant

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DIC

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diffuse intravascular coagulation; disseminated intravascular coagulation

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CHOL

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cholesterol

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EBV

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Epstein-Barr virus

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ESR

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erythrocyte sedimentation rate

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HbO2

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oxyhemoglobin

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HDL

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high-density lipoprotein

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HDN

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hemolytic disease of the newborn

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IDL

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intermediate density lipoprotein

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IM

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infectious mononeucleosis

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LDL

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low-density lipoprotein

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MCH

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mean corpuscular hemoglobin

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MCHC

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mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration

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MCV

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mean corpuscular volume

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mm3

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cubic millimeter

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PA

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pernicious anemia

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PMN

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polymorphonuclear

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PRBCs

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packed red blood cells

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PSA

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prostate-specific antigen

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PT

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prothrombin time

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PTT

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partial thromboplastin time

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PTA

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prothrombin tissue activator;
Dorland's--plasma thromboplastin antecedent (blood coagulation factor XI)

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SGOT

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serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase

Hint 54

The serum level of aspartate transaminase (SGOT) and that of other transaminases are frequently elevated in a variety of disorders causing tissue damage (e.g., myocardial infarction).

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SGPT

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serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase

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TPA

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tissue plasminogen activator

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VLDL

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very low-density lipoprotein

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friable

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easily pulverized or crumbled.

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blue alkaline dye used in staining leukocytes

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hematoxylin

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red, acidic dye used in staining leukocytes

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eosin

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increase in red blood cells;
an increase in the total red cell mass of the blood,

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polycythemia;
characterized as either absolute p. or relative p. Called also erythrocythemia, hypercythemia, and hypererythrocythemia.

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An increase in blood platelets

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thrombocythemia;
also called thrombocytosis

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a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by a sharp increase in the number of circulating platelets, with repeated spontaneous hemorrhages either externally or into the tissues. Called also idiopathic or primary t. and megakaryocytic leukemia.

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essential thrombocythemia, or hemorrhagic thrombocythemia

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any of the structurally related glycoproteins that function as antibodies, divided into five classes (IgM, IgG, IgA, IgD, and IgE) on the basis of structure and biologic activity. The basic structural unit of the immunoglobulin molecule, referred to as a monomer, is a Y-shaped molecule composed of two heavy (H) chains and two light (L) chains

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immunoglobulin

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formation of red cells

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erythropoeisis

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engulfing of foreign particles

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phagocytosis

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A group of blood enzymes active in immune responses is a(n)

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complement

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an immunoglobulin molecule that has a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which it interacts only with the antigen that induced its synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially plasma cells), or with antigen closely related to it.

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antibody

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Antibodies are classified in groups named according to their mode of action.
NAME THE GROUPS

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agglutinins,
bacteriolysins,
hemolysins,
opsonins,
precipitins,
and others.
See immunoglobulin.

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an antibacterial antibody that produces lysis of bacterial cells.

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bacteriolysin

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a substance that causes hemolysis

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hemolysins;
called also erythrocytolysin and erythrolysin.

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any substance that binds to particulate antigens and induces their phagocytosis by macrophages and neutrophils.

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opsonins;
In current usage the term is used to refer to substances of two types, opsonizing antibodies (IgM, IgG1, and IgG3, immunoglobulins specific for the antigen) and certain complement fragments (C3b, C3d, and C4b, which become bound to the antigen during complement activation), both of which trigger phagocytosis by binding to specific cell-surface receptors, Fc receptors, and complement receptors on neutrophils and macrophages.

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2 types of connective tissue involved in the formation of blood cells:

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myeloid tissue (red bone marrow)
lymphatic tissue

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Where can myeloid tissue be found?

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sternum, hip bones, ribs

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red pigment in blood

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hemoglobin

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What is the name of the disorder which results in a mother carrying a 2nd Rh-positive fetus?

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erythroblastosis fetalis
(hemolytic disease of the newborn HDN)

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BOS: pertaining to red blood cells:
a small, globular, completely hemoglobinated erythrocyte without the usual central pallor, found characteristically in hereditary spherocytosis but also observed in acquired hemolytic anemia.

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spherocyte

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BOS: pertaining to red blood cells:
presence in the blood of erythrocytes with excessive variation in size

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anisocytosis;
see also macrocythemia and microcythemia. Called also anisopoikilocytosis.

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BOS: pertaining to red blood cells:
denoting a cell or organ that is selectively affected by a particular agent, e.g., a hormone or drug.

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target cells

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BOS: pertaining to red blood cells:
smooth, round remnants of nuclear chromatin seen in erythrocytes in megaloblastic anemia, hemolytic anemia, and after splenectomy. Called also

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Howell-Jolly bodies; Howell's bodies; Jolly's bodies

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BOS: pertaining to red blood cells:
a spiculed erythrocyte with five to ten spiny protoplasmic projections of varying lengths distributed irregularly over its surface; seen in abetalipoproteinemia, malnutrition, liver diseases, and a few other conditions.

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acanthocytes; Called also acanthrocyte and spur cell.

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BOS: pertaining to red blood cells:
an abnormally large erythrocyte, such as those seen in macrocytic anemia.

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megalocytes; macrocyte

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BOS: pertaining to hematology transcriptions:
the appearance of fine light or dark dots, or a spotted appearance.

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stippling;
seen in punctate basophilia-basophilia in which erythrocytes are blue and stippled; seen in poisoning with lead and certain other heavy metals. -

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BOS: pertaining to hematology transcriptions:
an abnormal group of red blood cells adhering together like a roll of coins.

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rouleau (singular);
Rouleaux (plural)
(Rouleaux is capitalized in the BOS, but not in Dorland's--Error?)

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BOS: pertaining to hematology transcriptions:
an abnormal erythrocyte in which a slit or mouthlike area replaces the normal circle of pallor, usually due to edema.

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stomatocytes

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BOS: pertaining to hematology transcriptions:
an erythrocyte shaped like a sickle or crescent owing to the presence of hemoglobin S; seen in sickle cell anemia and other sickle cell diseases (see under disease). Called also drepanocyte and meniscocyte.

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drepanocye; sickle cell

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BOS--term to be familiar with:
basophilia in which erythrocytes are blue and stippled; seen in poisoning with lead and certain other heavy metals.

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punctate basophilia

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the presence of stomatocytes in the blood, as seen in liver disease, Rh null syndrome, a BOS--term to be familiar with:
rare congenital type of hemolytic anemia, and a few other conditions. Called also hydrocytosis.

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stomatocytosis

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BOS: pertaining to hematology transcriptions:
another term for sickle cell:

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drepanocytes;
an erythrocyte shaped like a sickle or crescent owing to the presence of hemoglobin S; seen in sickle cell anemia and other sickle cell diseases (see under disease). Called also drepanocyte and meniscocyte.

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Referring to "T cell" what does the T stand for?

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thymus-derived

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Referring to "B cell," what does the B stand for?

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bursa-derived

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hemophilia due to deficiency of factor VIII; an X-linked recessive condition, occurring almost exclusively in male humans and also affecting several breeds of dogs, characterized by prolonged clotting time, decreased formation of thromboplastin, and diminished conversion of prothrombin.

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hemophilia A

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What factor is deficient in hemophilia A?

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factor VIII

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Blood abnormalities may be divided into what 3 groups:

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anemias;
leukemias; &
clotting disorders

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pinpoint hemorrhages:

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petechiae

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larger hemorrhages are called:

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ecchymoses (or bruises of the skin)

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term for hemorrhages that include both petechiae and ecchymoses

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purpura

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the most common blood type:

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O positive

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GIVE THE PHARMACOLOGIC CLASSIFICATION FOR:

cloxacillin

from powerpoint-alternate answer

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penicillinase resistant penicillins

anti-infective

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GIVE THE PHARMACOLOGIC CLASSIFICATION FOR:
gabapentin

from powerpoint-alternate answer

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anticonvulsant;
for post herpetic pain, anxiety, partial seizures, bipolor disorder, etc

Neurontin

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What is the generic form of Coumadin?

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warfarin;
belongs to the class of coumarins

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What condition results when the body stops producing erythrocytes because of disease, chemotherapy, radiation, or cancer?

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aplastic anemia