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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Phatogenicity is the concept of
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Microorganisms causing disease.
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What is invasion?
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Adherence and multiplication,colonisation,evasion of host defences.
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What facilitates invasion?
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Hyaluronidase,collagenase,neuraminidase,streptokinase.
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Toxigenesis
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When soluble and cell associated materials that damage host.
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What happens in some chronic infections like CF?
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Host defences damage tissue due to chronic inflammation
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Biofilm oocurs when
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low lactoferrin + defective innate immunity impedes antibiotics(vancomycin,tobramycin) reaching bacteria.
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What type of vaccinations do you have?
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-Heat killed whole pathogen
-Live attenuated pathogen -Extract -Peptide/protein ( adjuvant and route of admin. v.important) |
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What are the characteristics of a useful vaccine?
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-Safe
-Protective -Sustained protection -Induces neutralising Ab -Induces protective T cells -Feasible |
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What does selective toxicity of antibiotics imply?
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Toxicity to pathogen > toxicity to host.
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How does resistance to antibiotics occur?
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-Spontaneous mutation
-Plasmid mediated. |
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Why are antimicrobials more toxic to pathogen than host?
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-Accumulation of agent in pathogen.
-Specific action on cellular structure specific to pathogen(cellwall) -Selective action on biochem process more critical to pathogen than host(eg folate synthesis) -local action(topical) |
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Low pH at site of infection may interfere with antibiotics.
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True
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Foreign bodies divert immune defenses and hence greatly increase risk of persistent infection.
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True
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Allergy to antibiotics is relatively rare.
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False.Common and may cause fatal anaphylaxis.
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Does antibiotics cause intense selection pressure in favour of resistant mutants?
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Yes.(+ mutation rate for most bacteria is 10-8 and mutations can arise in 15 min)
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Culture based typing of pathogens is very slow.
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True.
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Combination of drugs used to
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Prevent and circumvent resistance.
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