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44 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Florence Nightingale
“Notes on Hospitals” decreasing mortality at hospitals due to decreased rate of nosocomial infection
Clara Barton
Established the American Red Cross- with other lay nurses set up tents providing care close to battlefields to everyone, also a fundamental in establishment of national cemetery system
Lillian Wald
Founded Henry Street Settlement in New York to improve health and social conditions of poor immigrants- this started public health nursing in the US
Lavonia Dock
Activist in the women rights movement, author in one of the first pharmacology books for nurses
Margaret Sanger
Founded national birth control league and raised birth control awareness
Mary Breckinridge
Founded Frontier nursing service- Family centered primary care to rule populations
Mary Mahony
First African American professional nurse
Isabel Hampton Robb
Architect of American Nsg Organization, Instrumental in establishment of NLN, Implemented program of theory and practice, Emphasized need for improved conditions for nursing students
Influence on nursing practices with National Economy
-Unemployment and loss of health insurance results in delayed healthcare treatment.
-Healthcare systems are expensive to operate
-Decreasing economy results in limited medications and healthcare services
-Salaries of healthcare providers are influenced by national economic trends
-Finding more cost-effective ways to run facilities: cut nurses hire more PCAs for delegation- the nurse is still responsible for the work done.
Influence on nursing practices with Aging Population
• Improvements in health care [new drugs, and surgical technology] have lengthened the average life span.
• Birth in 1900 = 47 years
• Birth in 1991 = 75 years
• Elderly persons are the heaviest users of health care services.
Influence on nursing practices with Healthcare Consumer
• Direct –to- consumer marketing provides health information via the internet [WebMD/Pub Med] and television
• Consumers demand choices regarding their healthcare
• Nurses must be informed and ready to balance information and facts
Influence on nursing practices with Legislature
• HIPAA: legislation directed at confidentiality of patient health records
• Informed consent: the patient’s right to know
• Living will/advance directives: gives patients the right to govern the care rendered by nurses
Influence on nursing practices with the Women’s Movement
• Expanded women’s ability to practice nursing
• Increased career choices for women [including non-traditional occupations
• Influenced diversity in nursing
Influence on nursing practices with Collective Bargaining
• Has resulted in significant improvements in wages, benefits, and working conditions for nurses.
• Has resulted in safer conditions for patients
Complementary & Alternative Medicine impacts nursing practices
• Rising cost of traditional care, media reports of treatment errors, distrust between insurance, and cultural diversity in the population and exchange of information
Expanded Practice Settings impacts nursing practices
• More than 30% of nurses work outside the hospital setting
• Non-traditional healthcare setting
• Workplace
• Schools
• Home setting
• Nurses must adapt care to the equipment available at the site
Inter-Professional Collaboration impacts nursing practices
• Joint decision making among independent parties and shared responsibility for patient outcomes
• Essential to providing safe, high-quality patient outcomes
• Requires institutional support
Advance Practice Nurses impacts nursing practices
• Increased use of ANP has resulted in greater public exposure and support for all nurses
• High patient satisfaction with ANP
Nursing Assistive Personnel [NAP] impacts nursing practices
• CNAs, NA, orderly, technicians
• Redistribution of workload
• Some controversy regarding safety and quality of care
• Delegation and supervision of unlicensed personnel
Nurse Lobbyist and Healthcare Policies impacts nursing practices
• Professional nursing organizations actively participate in politics at local, state, and national levels
• Actively lobby and educate appointed officials about the role of nurses in healthcare
High-Tech and High-Touch impacts nursing practices
• Challenge: knowledge and technology have improved care for many critically ill patients and created numerous legal and ethical dilemmas
• High touch [holistic] therapies often bypass technology
Nursing Research Evidence Based Practice impacts nursing practices
• Nursing research expands scientific knowledge about human responses to actual or potential health problems
• ANA Scope of Practice and Standards
• Standard 9: Evidence-Based Practice & Research
• The registered nurse integrates evidence and research findings into practice
Magnet Hospitals impacts nursing practices
• Award given by the American Nurses’ Credentialing Center (ANCC) an affiliate of the ANA
• Hospitals awarded Magnet status have satisfied a set of criteria that measure the strength and quality of their nursing.
Explain the importance of nursing research
o More skilled and educated nurses and staff- better patient care
Explain how evidence based practices promote quality patient outcomes
o Only based on sound evidence- this improves patient care-evidence of best practices are identified
Describe the influence of nursing practices on magnet hospitals
o Brings recognition to nursing staff and quality patient outcomes
Nurse Practice Act
• Each state has a nurse practice act which protects the public by defining and describing the scope of nursing practices
Nursing Codes of Ethics for Nurses
• The Code of Ethics for Nurses was developed as a guide for carrying out nursing responsibilities in a manner consistent with quality in nursing care and the ethical obligations of the profession.
ANA Standards of Practice
• Describe responsibilities which for nurses are accountable and level of nursing care competency
Explain the role of ANA in continuous quality nursing care
The ANA is a professional organization that “advances the nursing profession by fostering high standards of nursing practice, promoting the economic and general welfare of nurses in the workplace, projecting a positive and realistic view of nursing, and by lobbying the Congress and regulatory agencies on health care issues affecting nurses and the public”
Explain the role of NLNAC in continuous quality nursing care
The National League for Nursing Accrediting Commission (NLNAC) is responsible for the specialized accreditation of nursing education programs.
Explain the role of JACHO in continuous quality nursing care
• The Joint Commission accredits and certifies more than 19,000 health care organizations and programs in the United States. Joint Commission accreditation and certification is recognized nationwide as a symbol of quality that reflects an organization’s commitment to meeting certain performance standards.
Describe consequences of HIPPA violations of the patient and nurse
o Legal consequences
• Civil or criminal penalties
• Fines plus imprisonment
o Professional consequences:
• Disciplinary action by the Board of Nurse Examiners
o Academic consequences:
• Reprimands
• Loss of points toward grade or failure of course
• Dismissal from School of Nursing
Describe the impact of the IOM report on current healthcare practices
o They identify and report problems in quality of care and safety- this allows the facilities to change and improve.
o The overall goal for the QSEN project is to prepare future nurses who will have the knowledge, skills, and attitudes for continuous quality and safety improvements within the healthcare system they work.
List the 6 core competencies identified by QSEN
o Patient Center Care, Teamwork and Collaboration, Evidence Based Practice, Quality Improvements (QI), Safety, and Informatics
Approved abbreviations
• Each healthcare facility has a list of approved abbreviations.
• It is recommended that practitioners and students minimize the use of abbreviations.
• If there is any doubt about the intention or meaning of an abbreviation, seek an explanation prior to treating the patient
Patient Identification
• National Patient Safety Goal #1 - Improve the accuracy of patient identification.
• Hospital ID bracelet/band
• Bar codes
• Medical record number
• Ask patient name and date of birth
Time Out
• Conducted prior to beginning invasive procedures and sedation
• Confirm
o Team member present identification & role
o Patient identification: name MR #, DOB
o Procedure, site, equipment
Handoff & Sign Out
• Pertinent information about the patients condition is written on an approved documents that the nurse transferring the care signs.
Medication Reconciliation
• Medication reconciliation is the process of comparing a patient's medication orders to all of the medications that the patient has been taking. This reconciliation is done to avoid medication errors such as omissions, duplications, dosing errors, or drug interactions.
Rapid Response Team
• •The Rapid Response Team (RRT)
• Teams of clinicians who bring critical care expertise to the bedside.
• Team members
• Physician, Nurses, Pharmacist, Respiratory Therapist, ECG Technician, Anesthesiologist
Describe the factors that create inequity in access to health care
o Money- is the biggest factor that affects care. In the US we do not have socialized care so depending on what kind of insurance we have and how much money budgeted determines what care we can get.
o Education- more educated people are smarter about their money, and are healthier and don’t need as much serious care.
o Race- mainly cultural differences
Major factors that influence cost and reimbursement in the health care system
o Personal Choice- religious, cultural
o Demographics- not all small rule communities have access to health care
o Economics- Many Americans do not have heath insurance, poverty- lifestyle choices and delay of care
o Education- more educated less health problems
o Political environment- what programs are supported or not
Identify ways nurses can assist in healthcare cost containment
o Case management (making sure their only taking a test once), streamlining, judicious with supplies, research studies (about cost effectiveness), patient education (helping them not return for the same reason) (“Discharge planning starts at admission”)