Week 11 Objectives

Front 1

What are the 2 major osseous divisions of the Skull?

Back 1

-Facial
-Neural

Front 2

Breed associated with short facial portion:

Back 2

Brachycephalic

Front 3

Breed associated with typical, averaged sized facial portion

Back 3

Mesaticephalic

Front 4

Breed associated with long, gracefully tapered facial portion:

Back 4

Dolichocephalic

Front 5

In the skull, most articulations are:

Back 5

Fibrous Joints ( joint of stability; connected via CCT): Sutures and Gomphoses

Front 6

INCISIVE BONE
-Articulates:
-Caudally & Medially with:
-Caudally with:

Back 6

-Nasal Bone
-Maxilla

Front 7

NASAL BONE
-Articulates:
-Rostrally with:
-Laterally with:
-Caudally with:

Back 7

-Incisive bone
-Maxilla
-Frontal Bone

Front 8

MAXILLA
-Articulates:
-Rostrally with:
-Medially with:
-Caudally with:

Back 8

-Incisive bone
-Nasal bone
-Frontal, Lacrimal, Palatine, Zygomatic bones

Front 9

FRONTAL BONE
-Articulates:
-Rostrally with:
-Caudally with:

Back 9

-Nasal, Maxilla, Palatine Bones
-Parietal Bone

Front 10

PARIETAL BONE
-Articulates:
-Rostrally with:
-Ventrally with:
-Caudally with:

Back 10

-Frontal bone
-Temporal and Basisphenoid bones
-Occipital bone

Front 11

TEMPORAL BONE
-Parts:

Back 11

-Squamous
-Tympanic
-Petrous Parts

Front 12

TEMPORAL BONE
-Articulates:
-Rostrally with:
-Dorsally with:
-Caudal with:

Back 12

-Zygomatic bone and Basisphenoid Wing
-Parietal bone
-Occipital bone

Front 13

PALATINE BONE
-Articulates:
-Rostrally with:
-Dorsally with:
-Caudally with:

Back 13

-Lacrimal bone and Maxilla
-Frontal bone
-Sphenoid complex

Front 14

SPHENOID COMPLEX
-Articulates:
-Rostrally with:
-Dorsally with:
-Caudally with:

Back 14

-Frontal and Palatine bones
-Frontal and Parietal bones
-Temporal bone

Front 15

OCCIPITAL BONE
-Articulates:
-Rostrally with:
-Laterally with:
-Caudally with:

Back 15

-Sphenoid Complex (Basisphenoid bone)
-Temporal bone (Tympanic and Petrous parts)
-the Atlas via occipital condyle (Atlanto-occipital Joint)

Front 16

ETHMOID BONE COMPLEX:
-Located between the:
-Forms the:

Back 16

-Cranium and Facial Part of the Skull
-Rostral boundary of the Cranial Cavity

Front 17

ETHMOID BONE COMPLEX:
-Parts/Functions:
-Rostrally:
-Caudally
-Medially:

Back 17

-Ethmotrubinate scrolls project into Nasal Cavity and Frontal Sinus
-Cribriform Plate allows communication btw Olfactory epithelium and Olfactory Bulbs
-Contains Nasal Septum as median bony perpendicular plate

Front 18

ETHMOID BONE COMPLEX:
-Boundaries:
-Dorsal:
-Lateral:
-Ventral:

Back 18

-Frontal bone
-Maxilla
-Vomer and Palatine Bones

Front 19

OPTIC CANAL
-Bone:
-Location:
-Passage of:

Back 19

-Sphenoid Complex
-Rostral to Orbital Fissure
-Optic n. (CN II)

Front 20

ORBITAL FISSURE
-Bone:
-Location:
-Passage of:

Back 20

-Sphenoid Complex
-Caudal to Optic Canal
-Rostral to Rostral Alar Foramen
1) Oculomotor n. (CN III)
2) Trochlear n. (CN IV)
3) Opthalamic n. (Branch of Trigeminal n (CN V))
4) Abducent n. (CN VI)

Front 21

ROSTRAL ALAR FORAMEN
-Bone:
-Location:
-Passage of:

Back 21

-Sphenoid Complex
-Caudal to Orbital Fissure
-Maxillary a./n.

Front 22

CAUDAL PALATINE FORAMEN
-Bone:
-Location:
-Passage of:

Back 22

-Palatine
-Ventral to Sphenopalatine Foramen; Caudal opening of Palatine Canal
-Major Palatine a./v./n.

Front 23

SPHENOPALATINE FORAMEN
-Bone:
-Location:
-Passage of:

Back 23

-Palatine
-Dorsal to Caudal Palatine Foramen; Connects to Nasal Cavity
-Sphenopalatine a./v., Caudal Nasal n.

Front 24

MAXILLARY FORAMEN
-Bone:
-Location:
-Passage of:

Back 24

-Maxilla
-Rostral Region of Orbit; Caudal opening of Infraorbital Canal
-Infraorbital a./v./n.

Front 25

INFRAORBITAL FORAMEN
-Bone:
-Location:
-Passage of:

Back 25

-Maxilla
-Dorsal to superior PM3; Rostral opening of Infraorbital Canal
-Infraorbital a./v./n.

Front 26

FOSSA FOR LACRIMAL SAC
-Bone:
-Location:
-Passage of:

Back 26

-Lacrimal
-Dorsal to Maxillary Foramen; Continues Rostrally as Nasolacrimal Canal
-Lacrimal Sac; Beginning of Lacrimal Duct

Front 27

EXTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS
-Bone:
-Location:
-Passage of:

Back 27

-Tympanic Part of Temporal Bone
-Lateral Side of Tympanic Bulla
-Opening into Middle Ear; Normally covered by Tympanic Membrane

Front 28

COCHLEAR WINDOW
-Bone:
-Location:
-Passage of:

Back 28

-Petrosal Part of Temporal Bone
-Lies on Promontory
-Normally covered with membrane; Related to Scala Tympani of Cochlear Duct

Front 29

VESTIBULAR WINDOW
-Bone:
-Location:
-Passage of:

Back 29

-Petrosal part of Temporal Bone
-Lies Dorsal to Promontory
-Contains Footplate of Stapes; Related to Scala Vestibula of Cochlear Duct

Front 30

OVAL FORAMEN
-Bone:
-Location:
-Passage of:

Back 30

-Sphenoid Complex
-Caudolateral to Caudal Alar Foramen
-Mandibular n. (CN V), Middle Meningeal a.

Front 31

ROUND FORAMEN
-Bone:
-Location:
-Passage of:

Back 31

-Sphenoid Complex
-Opening into Cranial Cavity from Alar Canal
-Maxillary n. (CN V)

Front 32

CAUDAL ALAR FORAMEN
-Bone:
-Location:
-Passage of:

Back 32

-Sphenoid Complex
-Caudal endo of Alar Canal; Rostromedial to Oval Foramen
-Maxillary a.

Front 33

FORAMEN LACERUM
-Bone:
-Location:
-Passage of:

Back 33

-Tympanic part of Temporal Bone
-Rostromedial edge of Tympanic Bulla
-Loop of Internal Carotid a.

Front 34

MUSCULOTUBUAL CANAL
-Bone:
-Location:
-Passage of:

Back 34

-Tympanic Part of Temporal Bone
-Lateral to Foramen Lacerum; Caudal to Oval Foramen; Rostral to Tympanic Bulla
-Auditory Tube (Cartilagenous connection btw. Middle Ear and Nasopharynx)

Front 35

TYMPANO-OCCIPITAL FISSURE
-Bone:
-Location:
-Passage of:

Back 35

-Btw. Occipital (Basilar) and Tympanic Part of Temporal Bone
-Lies Caudal to Tympanic Bulla
-Carotid Canal (Internal Carotid a.); Petro-Occipital Canal (Ventral Petrosal Venous Sinus); Glossopharyngeal n. (CN IX); Vagus n. (CN X); Accessory n. (CN XI); Vertebral and Internal Jugular vv; Sympathetic Postganglionic Axons (from Cranial Cervical Ganglion)

Front 36

HYPOGLOSSAL CANAL
-Bone:
-Location:
-Passage of:

Back 36

-Occipital bone
-Caudomedial to Tympano-Occipital Fissure on Exterior; Caudomedial to Jugular Foramen in Interior of Cranium Cavity
-Hypoglossal n. (CN XII)
-

Front 37

RETROARTICULAR FORAMEN
-Bone:
-Location:
-Passage of:

Back 37

-Zygomatic Part of Temporal Bone
-Caudal to Retroarticular Process
-Emissary v. (From Temporal Venous Sinus)

Front 38

STYLOMASTOID FORAMEN
-Bone:
-Location:
-Passage of:

Back 38

-Temporal Bone
-Btw. Tympanic Bulla and Mastoid Process; Opening of Facial Canal
-Facial n. (CN VI)

Front 39

PALATINE FISSURE
-Bone:
-Location:
-Passage of:

Back 39

-Incisive bone
-Rostral Portion of Hard Palate
-Incisive Duct

Front 40

MAJOR PALATINE FORAMEN
-Bone:
-Location:
-Passage of:

Back 40

-Palatine bone
-Medial to 4th Cheek Tooth
-Major Palatine a./v./n.

Front 41

MINOR PALATINE FORAMEN
-Bone:
-Location:
-Passage of:

Back 41

-Palatine Bone
-Caudal to Major Palatine Foramen
-Branches of Major Palatine a./v./n.

Front 42

FORAMEN MAGNUM
-Bone:
-Location:
-Passage of:

Back 42

-Occipital bone
-Large opening on Caudal Surface of Skull
-Spinal Cord (Continuation of Medulla of Brain Stem)

Front 43

MASTOID FORAMEN
-Bone:
-Location:
-Passage of:

Back 43

-Occipital bone
-Dorsolateral to Occipital Condyle
-Caudal Meningeal a./v.

Front 44

MANDIBULAR FORAMEN
-Bone:
-Location:
-Passage of:

Back 44

-Mandible
-Ventromedial Surface; Caudal opening of Mandibular Canal
-Inferior Alveolar a./v./n.

Front 45

MENTAL FORAMINA (3)
-Bone:
-Location:
-Passage of:

Back 45

-Mandible
-Rostrolateral Surface; Rostral Openings of Mandibular Canal
-Inferior Alveolar a./v./n.; Mental nn.

Front 46

FORAMINA OF CRIBRIFORM PLATE
-Bone:
-Location:
-Passage of:

Back 46

-Ethmoid bone
-Multiple Foramina present on surface of plate
-Blood vessels and Olfactory nn. passing from Olfactory epithelium to Olfactory Bulbs

Front 47

CANAL FOR TRIGEMINAL N.
-Bone:
-Location:
-Passage of:

Back 47

-Petrosal Part of Temporal bone
-Rostral end of Petrosal
-Trigeminal n. (CN V); Trigeminal Ganglion located within Canal

Front 48

INTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS
-Bone:
-Location:
-Passage of:

Back 48

-Petrosal Part of Temporal bone
-Caudal to Canal for Trigeminal n.; Medial to Cerebellar Fossa
-Facial n. (CN VI) and Vestibulocochlear n. (CN VIII)

Front 49

CEREBELLAR FOSSA
-Bone:
-Location:
-Passage of:

Back 49

-Petrosal Part of Temporal bone
-Caudal to Canal for Trigeminal n.; Lateral to Internal Acoustic Meatus
-Small Lateral portion of Cerebellum

Front 50

JUGULAR FORAMEN
-Bone:
-Location:
-Passage of:

Back 50

-Btw. Petrosal Part of Temporal bone and Occipital bone
-Opens via Tympano-Occipital Fissure; VEntrocaudal to Internal Acoustic Meatus
-Glossopharyngeal n. (CN IX), Vagus n. (CN X), Accessory n. (CN XI); Sigmoid Venous Sinus

Front 51

CONDYLOID CANAL
-Bone:
-Location:
-Passage of:

Back 51

-Occipital bone
-Dorsal to Hypoglossal Canal
-Venous Sinus

Front 52

FORAMEN FOR DORSAL SAGITTAL SINUS
-Bone:
-Location:
-Passage of:

Back 52

-Occipital bone
-On Rostral Surface of Occipital bone, Dorsal to Tentorium Osseum
-Conducts Dorsal Sagittal Sinus to Transverse Sinus in Transverse Canal

Front 53

TRANSVERSE CANAL
-Bone:
-Location:
-Passage of:

Back 53

-Occipital bone
-Caudodorsal to Tentorium Osseum
-Transverse Sinus

Front 54

5. Describe the differences in SAGITTAL CRESTS & TEMPORAL lines in Dolichocephalic Breeds vs. Brachicephalic Breeds:

Back 54

-In Dolichocephalic breeds:
There is a Prominent SAGITTAL CREST
-In Brachicephalic breeds:
The Sagittal Crest is replaced by Prominent TEMPORAL LINES

Front 55

What extends ROSTRALLY from the EXTERNAL OCCIPITAL PROTUBERANCE?

Back 55

-SAGITTAL CRESTS &
-TEMPORAL LINES

Front 56

Dental Formula : Permanent Teeth
-DOGS:

Back 56

2(I 3/3 C 1/1 PM 4/4 M 2/3)=42

Front 57

Dental Formula : Permanent Teeth
-CATS:

Back 57

2(I 3/3 C 1/1 PM 3/2 M 1/1)=30

Front 58

Dental Formula : Roots
-DOGS:
-CATS:

Back 58

-ALL Incisors & Canines = 1 each
1 2 2 3 3 3
- -----------------------
1 2 2 2 2 2 1
1 2 3 2
- ---------------
2 2 2

Front 59

Deciduous Dentition Formula
-DOGS:

Back 59

2(DI 3/3 DC1/1 DPM3/3 DM0/0)=28

Front 60

Deciduous Dentition Formula
-CATS:

Back 60

2(DI 3/3 DC1/1 DPM2/1 DM0/0)=22

Front 61

Deciduous Dentition
3 Rules true for ALL Species:

Back 61

1. ALL have Deciduous INCISORS & CANINES
2. NONE have Deciduous 1st PREMOLARS
3. NONE have Dediduous MOLARS

Front 62

In the DOG, Which teeth have 1 Root each?

Back 62

-ALL INCISORS & CANINES
-BOTH 1ST SUPERIOR PM
-3RD INFERIOR MOLAR

Front 63

In the DOG, which teeth have 2 Roots each?

Back 63

-BOTH 2nd&3rd PM
-4TH INFERIOR PM
-1ST&2ND INFERIOR MOLARS

Front 64

In the DOG, which teeth have 3 Roots each?

Back 64

-4TH SUPERIOR PM
-1ST&2ND SUPERIOR MOLARS

Front 65

In the CAT, which teeth have 1 Root each?

Back 65

-ALL INCISORS & CANINES
-2ND SUPERIOR PM

Front 66

In the CAT, which teeth have 2 Roots each?

Back 66

-BOTH 3RD PM
-4TH INFERIOR PM
-BOTH 1ST MOLARS

Front 67

In the CAT, which teeth have 3 Roots each?

Back 67

-4TH SUPERIOR PM

Front 68

FUNCTION OF:
-Incisors:
-Canines:
-Cheek Teeth:

Back 68

-Cutting Food
-Grasping or Weapons
-Shredding or Crushing Food

Front 69

Which Teeth the LARGEST in either Arcade?

Back 69

-SHEARING (Carnissal/Sectorial) TEETH
-4th Superior PM
-1st Inferior Molar

Front 70

Which teeth are Long, Slender, Slightly Arched, and Laterally Compressed?

Back 70

Incisors

Front 71

Which teeth are the Longest Teeth in the Dog & Transversely Compressed?

Back 71

Canines

Front 72

Which Teeth are used for Cutting Food?

Back 72

Incisors

Front 73

Which Teeth are used for Grasping or as Weapons?

Back 73

Canines

Front 74

Which teeth are used for Shredding or Crushing Food?

Back 74

Cheek Teeth

Front 75

Parts of the TEMPORAL BONE?

Back 75

-TYMPANIC PART
-PETROSAL PART
-SQUAMOUS PART

Front 76

TYMPANIC Part of Temporal Bone:
-Auditory Contents:
-a.
-b.
-c.
-d.
-e.
-f.

Back 76

a. Tympanic Bulla
b. External Acousic Meatus
c. Foramen Lacerum
d. Musculotubal Canal
e. Tympano-Occipital Fissure
f. Stylomastoid Foramen

Front 77

TYMPANIC BULLA
-Auditory Contents:
a.
b.
i.
ii.
iii.

Back 77

a. Middle Ear Cavity
b. Ossicles
i. Malleus
ii. Incus
iii. Stapes

Front 78

EXTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS
-Location:
-Normally Closed via:
-Attaches to:

Back 78

-Lateral side of Tympanic Bulla
-Tympanic Membrane
-Annular Cartilage of External Ear

Front 79

FORAMEN LACERUM
Auditory Contents:
a.

Back 79

a. Loop of Internal Carotid a.

Front 80

MUSCULOTUBAL CANAL
Auditory Contents:
a.

Back 80

a. Auditory Tube

Front 81

TYMPANO-OCCIPITAL FISSURE
Auditory Contents:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f i.
f ii.
g.

Back 81

a. Cranial Cavity exit of Petro-Occipital Canal (Ventral Petrosal Venous Sinus)
b. Carotid Canal (Internal Carotid a.)
c. Glossopharyngeal n. (CN IX)
d. Vagus n. (CN X)
e. Accessory n. (CN XI)
f. Venous Radicles of: i. Vertebral v.
f. ii. Internal Jugular v.
g. Sympathetic Postganglionic Axons from Cranial Cervical Ganglion

Front 82

STYLOMASTOID FORAMEN
Auditory Contents:
a.
b.

Back 82

a. Opening of Facial Canal
b. Exit of Facial n. (CN VII)

Front 83

Where are the Ossicles housed?

Back 83

-Middle Ear Cavity w/in Tympanic Bulla Of Tympanic Part of Temporal Bone

Front 84

What attaches to the Annular Cartilage of the External Ear?

Back 84

Tympanic Membrane

Front 85

What houses the Auditory Tube?

Back 85

Musculotubal Canal thru Tympanic Part of Temporal Bone

Front 86

Where is the Cranial Cavity exit of the Petro-Occipital Canal (Ventral Petrosal Venous Sinus)?

Back 86

Tympano-Occipital Fissure thru Tympanic Part of Temporal Bone

Front 87

What does the Carotid Canal pass thru to enter the Braincase?

Back 87

Tympano-Occipital Fissure thru Tympanic Part of Temporal Bone

Front 88

What does the Glossopharyngeal n. (CN IX) pass thru to enter/exit the Braincase?

Back 88

Tympano-Occipital Fissure thru Tympanic Part of Temporal Bone

Front 89

What does the Vagus n. (CN X) pass thru to enter/exit the Braincase?

Back 89

Tympano-Occipital Fissure thru Tympanic Part of Temporal Bone

Front 90

What does the Accessory n. (CN XI) pass thru to enter/exit the Braincase?

Back 90

Tympano-Occipital Fissure thru Tympanic Part of Temporal Bone

Front 91

What do the Venous Radicles of the Vertebral v. and Internal Jugular v. pass thru to exit the Braincase?

Back 91

Tympano-Occipital Fissure thru Tympanic Part of Temporal Bone

Front 92

What do Sympathetic Postganglionic Axons from the Cranial Cervical Ganglion pass thru to enter the Braincase?

Back 92

Tympano-Occipital Fissure thru Tympanic Part of Temporal Bone

Front 93

What type of Axons Enter the Braincase thru the Tympano-Occipital Fissure?

Back 93

Sympathetic Postganglionic Axons from the Cranial Cervical Ganglion

Front 94

What serves as the opening of the Facial Canal and Exit of the Facial n. (CN VII)?

Back 94

Stylomastoid Foramen of the Tympanic Part of the Temporal Bone

Front 95

PETROSAL PART of the TEMPORAL BONE
Auditory Contents:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.

Back 95

a. Membranous and Bony Labrinths of the Inner Ear
b. Promontory
c. Vestibular Window
d. Mastoid Process
e. Petrosal Crests
f. Internal Acoustic Meatus
g. Canal for Trigeminal n.
h. Cerebellar Fossa
i. Carotid Canal

Front 96

Which bone houses the membranous and bony labrinths of the Inner Ear?

Back 96

Petrosal Part of Temporal Bone

Front 97

PROMONTORY
Auditory Contents:
a.
i. Related to:

Back 97

a. Cochlear Window
i. Scala Tympani in Cochlear Duct

Front 98

VESTIBULAR WINDOW
Auditory Contents:
a.
Related to:

Back 98

a. Foot plate of Stapes
-Scala Vestibula in Cochlear Duct

Front 99

MASTOID PROCESS
Place of Attachment for:
i.
ii.
iii.

Back 99

i. Sternocephalicus m.
ii. Brachiocephalicus m.
iii. Splenius m.

Front 100

INTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS
Passage for:
a.
b.

Back 100

a. Facial n. (CN VII)
b. Vestibulocochlear n. (CN VIII)

Front 101

CEREBELLAR FOSSA
-Location:
-Holds:

Back 101

-Petrosal Part of Temporal Bone
-Small Lateral Portion of Cerebellum

Front 102

What is Related to the Scala Tympani in the Cochlear Duct?

Back 102

Cochlear Window

Front 103

What is Related to the Scala Vestibula in the Cochlear Duct?

Back 103

Vestibular Window

Front 104

What serves as the Rostral Boundary of the Caudal Cranial Fossa?

Back 104

Petrosal Crests

Front 105

What serves as a passageway for the Facial n. (CN VII) and Vestibulocochlear n. (CN VIII)?

Back 105

Internal Acoustic Meatus thru the Petrosal part of the Temporal Bone

Front 106

What holds a small Lateral portion of the Cerebellum?

Back 106

Cerebellar Fossa of Petrosal Part of Temporal Bone

Front 107

What is the cavity of the Middle Ear that contains the Auditory Ossicles?

Back 107

Tympanic Cavity

Front 108

TYMPANIC CAVITY
-Houses:
-Communicates with:
-via:
-Bounded Ventrally by:
-Dorsally by:

Back 108

-Auditory Ossicles of Middle ear
-Nasopharynx
-Auditory Tube (Thru Musculotubal Canal)
-Tympanic Bulla
-Petrosal Part of Temporal Bone

Front 109

What Osseous components form the Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)?

Back 109

-Condylar Process of the Mandible
-Mandibular Fossa of the Zygomatic Process of Temporal Bone (Squamous Part)

Front 110

What is the Cartilagenous Structure Normally found within the Temporomandibular Joint?

Back 110

A thin, complete Fibrocartilagenous Meniscus (Articular Disk)

Front 111

TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT
-Articular Disk:
-Separates:
-Divides Joint Capsule into:
-Strengthened by:

Back 111

-Articular Surfaces of:
-Condylar Process of the Mandible
-Mandibular Fossa of the Zygomatic Process of the Temporal Bone (Squamous Part)
-2 Compartments
-Lateral and Caudal Ligaments

Front 112

What Kind of Joint is the Temporomandibular Joint?

Back 112

Synovial = Joint of Mobility

Front 113

Describe the Major Structure that passes thru the FORAMEN MAGNUM:

Back 113

-Medulla of Brain Stem is Continued as Spinal Cord

Front 114

SPINAL CORD ARRANGEMENT
a.
b.
i.
ii.
iii.
c.

Back 114

a. Outer White Matter
b. Inner Gray Matter
i. Dorsal Gray Horn/Column
ii. Ventral Gray Horn/Column
iii. Intermediolateral Gray Horn/Column
c. Central Canal

Front 115

SPINAL CORD
OUTER WHITE MATTER =

Back 115

Mylenated Nerve Fibers (Axons)

Front 116

SPINAL CORD
INNER GRAY MATTER =

Back 116

NEURON CELL BODIES

Front 117

SPINAL CORD
INNER GRAY MATTER
i. Dorsal Gray Horn Contains:
ii. Ventral Gray Horn Contains:
iii. Intermediolateral Gray Horn is found in which segments? Contains?

Back 117

i. Synapse of GSA axon Terminals & Interneurons
ii. Cellbodies of GSE & synapses of Interneurons on GSE neurons
iii. T1-L4 & S1-S3; Cellbodies of GVE (ANS) Neurons

Front 118

What is a continuation of the Ventricle system of the brain that contains CSF?

Back 118

Central Canal

Front 119

Spinal NN. leave the Spinal cord via:
a.
b.
c.

Back 119

a. Transverse Foramina (Cervical)
b. Intervertebral Foramina (Thoracic&Lumbar)
c. Sacral Foramina

Front 120

Where are Mylenated nerve fibers (axons) located?

Back 120

Outer White Matter of spinal cord

Front 121

Where are synapses of GSA axon terminals & Interneurons located?

Back 121

Dorsal Gray horn of Inner Gray Matter of Spinal Cord

Front 122

Where are Cell Bodies of GSE & Synapses of Interneurons on GSE neurons located?

Back 122

Ventral Gray Horn of Inner Gray Matter of Spinal Cord

Front 123

Where are Cell Bodies of GVE (ANS) neurons Located?

Back 123

Intermediolateral Gray horn of Inner Gray Matter of Spinal Cord segments T1-L4 & S1-S3

Front 124

Cervical Spinal nn. leave the Spinal Cord via:

Back 124

Transverse Foramina

Front 125

Thoracic&Lumbar Spinal nn. leave the Spinal Cord via:

Back 125

Intervertebral Foramina

Front 126

Sacral Spinal nn. leave the Spinal Cord via:

Back 126

Sacral Foramina

Front 127

3 Fossae of the Cranial Cavity:

Back 127

i. Rostral Cranial Fossa
ii. Middle Cranial Fossa
iii. Caudal Cranial Fossa

Front 128

ROSTRAL CRANIAL FOSSA
a. Bounded Rostrally By:
b. Caudally By:
c. Ventrally By:
d. Laterally By:

Back 128

a. Cribriform Plate of Ethmoid Bone
b. Optic Canals (Passage of Optic nn. (CN II)
c. Presphenoid Bone (Sphenoid Complex)
d. Frontal Bones

Front 129

ROSTRAL CRANIAL FOSSA
Contains
a.
b.
Perforations in Cribriform Plate allow for passage of:
i.
ii.
Between:
iii.
iv.

Back 129

a. Olfactory Bulbs
b. Frontal Lobes of Brain
i. Blood Vessels
ii. Olfactory n. (CN I)
iii. Olfactory Epithelium of Nasal Cavity
iv. Olfactory Bulbs of Brain

Front 130

MIDDLE CRANIAL FOSSA
a. Bounded Rostrally By:
b. Caudally by:
i.
ii.
c. Ventrally by:
i.
ii.
d. Location relative to Rostral Cranial Fossa:

Back 130

a. Optic Canals
b. i. Petrosal Crests
ii. Dorsum Sellae
c. Basisphenoid Bone
i. Sella Turcica (contains Hypophysis)
ii. Hypophyseal Fossa
d. More VENTRAL

Front 131

MIDDLE CRANIAL FOSSA
Contains:
a.
b.
c.
d.
i.
ii.

Back 131

a. Orbital Fissure
b. Oval Foramen
c. Round Foramen
d. Caudal Portion is Widest part of CRANIAL CAVITY and contains:
i. Parietal &
ii. Temporal Lobes of Cerebrum

Front 132

CAUDAL CRANIAL FOSSA
a. Bounded Rostrally by:
i.
ii.
b. Caudally by:
c. Ventrally by:
i.
ii.

Back 132

a. i. Petrosal Crests
ii. Dorsum Sellae
b. Foramen Magnum
c. i. Basioccipital Bone
ii. Petrosal Part of Temporal Bone

Front 133

CAUDAL CRAINAL FOSSA
Contains which parts of the Brain:
a.
b.
c.

Back 133

a. Cerebellum
b. Pons
c. Medulla

Front 134

CAUDAL CRANIAL FOSSA
Contains:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.

Back 134

a. Canal for Trigeminal n. (CN V)
b. Internal Acoustic Meatus
c. Cerebellar Fossa
d. Jugular Foramen
e. Hypoglossal Canal
f. Condyloid Canal
g. Tentorium Osseum
h. Tentorium Cerebelli
i. Goramen for Dorsal Sagittal Sinus (Continuous to Transverse Canal)
j. Transverse Sinus

Front 135

What is the Rostroventral Projection made by processes of Parietal and Occipital bones?

Back 135

Tentorium Osseum

Front 136

What is the dural membrane that separates the cerebrum from the Cerebellum?
What is it extent?

Back 136

Tentorium Cerebelli
-Extends from Petrosal Crests to Tentorium Osseum

Front 137

TRANSVERSE SINUS
Travels thru:
a.
b.
c.
d.

Back 137

a. Transverse Canal
b. Transverse Groove of Occipital Bone
c. Temporal Bone
d. Retroarticular Foramen

Front 138

Function of the Hyoid Apparatus?

Back 138

Acts to suspend and stabilize the Tongue and Larynx as it moves Rostro-Caudally

Front 139

HYOID APPARATUS
Extends from:

Back 139

Mastoid Process of the skull (Petrosal Part of Temporal Bone) TO the Thyroid Cartilage of the Larynx

Front 140

What attaches Stylohyoid bones to Mastoid Processes?

Back 140

Tympanohyoid Cartilages (Paired L/R)

Front 141

What do the Tympanohyoid Cartilages attach?

Back 141

Stylohyoid bones to Mastoid Processes

Front 142

HYOID APPARATUS
Paired bones:
a.
b.
c.
d.

Back 142

a. Stylohyoid bones
b. Epihyoid bones
c. Ceratohyoid bones
d. Thyrohyoid bones

Front 143

HYOID APPARATUS
Unpaired bone:
-Extends Between:
a.
b.
-Unites

Back 143

Basihyoid Bone
a. the 2 Articulations of the Ceratohyoid bone and
b. Thyrohyoid bone
-2 sides (L/R) in the Root of the Tongue

Front 144

What articulates with the Rostral Cornu of the Thyroid Cartilage of the Larynx?

Back 144

Thyrohyoid bones

Front 145

HYOID APPARATUS
MUSCULATURE
General Functions:
a.
b.
c.

Back 145

a. Swallowing
b. Lapping
c. Retching

Front 146

4 Muscles of Hyoid Apparatus:

Back 146

1. Sternohyoideus m.
2. Thyrohyoideus m.
3. Mylohyoideus m.
4. Geniohyoideus m.

Front 147

STERNOHYOIDEUS M.
-Origin:
-Insertion:
-Innervation:
a.
b.
-Fused with and lies superficial to:

Back 147

-O: Sternum and 1st Costal Cartilage
-I: Basihyoid Bone
-Iv:
-a. Hypoglossal n. (CN XII)
-b. Ventral Branches of Cervical Spinal nn.
-Sternothyroideus m. for part of path

Front 148

THYROHYOIDEUS M.
-Origin:
-Insertion:
-Innervation:
a.
b.
-Lies Dorsal to:

Back 148

-O: Thyroid Cartilage of Larynx
-I: Thyrohyoid bone
-Iv:
-a. Hypoglossal n. (CN XII)
-b. Ventral Branches of Cervical Spinal nn.
-Sternohyoideus m.

Front 149

MYLOHYOIDEUS M.
-Origin:
-Insertion:
-Innervation:
-Action:
-Meets companion muscle at:
-Lies Superficial to:
-Composed of:

Back 149

-O: Medial Surface of Mandible
-I: Basihyoid Bone
-Iv: Mandibular n. (of Trigeminal n. (CN V))
-A: Supports the Tongue
-Median Raphe
-Geniohyoideus m.
-Transverse Fibers Spanning the Intermandibular Space

Front 150

GENIOHYOIDEUS M.
-Origin:
-Insertion:
-Innervation:
-Action:
-Lies Deep to:

Back 150

-O: Intermandibular Articulation
-I: Basihyoid Bone
-Iv. Hypoglossal n. (CN XII)
-A: Draw Hyoid Apparatus & Larynx Rostrally
-Mylohyoideus m.

Front 151

Which muscles Insert on the Basihyoid bone?

Back 151

i. Sternohyoideus m.
ii. Mylohyoideus m.
iii. Geniohyoideus m.

Front 152

Which muscles of the Hyoid Apparatus are innervated, at least in part, by the Hypoglossal n. (CN XII)?

Back 152

i. Sternohyoideus m.
ii. Thyrohyoideus m.
-(i.&ii. also innervated by ventral branches of cervical spinal nn.)
iii. Geniohyoideus m.

Front 153

ZYGOMATIC ARCH
Parts:
a. Rostral:
b. Middle
c. Caudal:
-What Muscle Originates from this arch?

Back 153

a. Zygomatic Process of the Maxilla
b. Zygomatic bone
c. Zygomatic Process of Temporal Bone (Squamous Part)
-Masseter m.

Front 154

What are the Caudal opening of the Right and Left Nasal Cavities into the Singular Nasopharynx?

Back 154

Choanae

Front 155

CHOANAE
-Location:
-Define:

Back 155

-Caudal end of Hard Palate and Caudal end of nasal Septum
-Caudal opening of Right/Left Nasal Cavities into the Singular Nasopharynx

Front 156

What is the air-filled extension of the nasal cavity into portions of skull bones?

Back 156

Paranasal Sinus

Front 157

PARANASAL SINUS
Functions:

Back 157

Unknown;
Possible theories
-Thermoregulation - act as air buffer
-Mechanical protection -"air bag";
-Lighten the Head

Front 158

FRONTAL SINUS
-Contained in:
-Occupies:
-Bounded Caudally by:
a.
b.
-Bounded Medially by:
-Contains:

Back 158

-Frontal Bone
-Zygomatic Process of Frontal Bone
a. (Does not Extend into) Temporal Bone
b. (Does not Extend into) Parietal Bone
-Median Septum (L&R Frontal Sinuses do NOT communicate)
-Ectoturbinates

Front 159

What are Dorsal extensions of Brony Scrolls (Conchae) in the Nasal Fossa (Located Outside Nasal Cavity)?

Back 159

Ectoturbinates

Front 160

FRONTAL SINUS
-In Radiography, visible as:
-Lateral View:
-Dorsal-Ventral View:
-What if they are more Radiopaque?

Back 160

-RADIOLUCENT area
-Located just ROSTRAL to braincase, in Dorsal Portion of Skull
-Located w/in zygomatic process of Frontal Bone
-Signifies an accumulation of fluid (clinically relevant as possible infection site)

Front 161

What is a Rostrally-Located Paranasal Sinus that has large communication with Nasal Cavity?

Back 161

Maxillary Sinus/Recess

Front 162

MAXILLARY SINUS/RECESS
-Opening:
-Extends to:
-Walls formed:
a.Laterally:
b.Ventrally:
c.Medially:
-Contains:
-On Radiograph you see:

Back 162

-Lies at level of Superior PM 4
-Extends to level of Superior M2
-a. Maxilla
-b. Maxilla
-c. Ethmoid Bone
-Lateral Nasal Gland
-See Radiolucent Area Rostroventral to ORBIT