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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
In regards to ethics, what does it mean to show research merit and integrity?
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Make sure the methology is appropriate for childs age. Also researchers need to identify how they will judge childs vulnerability and capacity to give informed consent
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In regards to ethics, what does it mean to show justice?
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if child is too young to give consent then it is only ethical if the study advances knowledge or inclusion of children is indespensible
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In regards to ethics, what does it mean to show beneficence?
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Provision for childs wellbeing, safety and security
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What is development?
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Changes to an individual over time, not really "growth" as such because development isn't always growing, it can be declining as well
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What are some characteristics of the dynamic systems approach?
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Growth has multiple influences and aspects e.g physical, cognitive and psychosocial development
It is life long, begins at conception, ends at death and has environmental and genetic influences. |
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What is the social clock?
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It is a theory about how society and culture dictate the things we should be doing at a specific stage of development. It has changed through out history.
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What are some historical views in regards to development for childhood, adolescence, emerging adulthood and late adulthood?
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Childhood - medieval times, child as a miniature adult.
Adolescence - 19th century, compulsary schooling came in the 1800's and there were seperate juvenile courts/prisons in AUSTRALIA in 1889 Emerging adulthood -21st century phenomenon, sem independance, increasing tertiary education, very western middle class phenomenon usuall ages 18-25/29 years Late adult hood - Anciety Greece was 50 for women, 55 for males, currently 65 years. Icreasing retiremenet age due to increasing life expectancy. |
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Why is development multie- direcitonal?
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It involves growth, maintenance +regulation and decline.
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In regards to conception - adolesence and adulthood, describe the developmental focus for the two.
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conception to adolesence = a growth foctus
adulthood - maintanence and regultion focus |
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In what 5 ways in development multiply influenced?
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Biologicaly, historicaly, culturally, societally, and familialy
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Does plasticity increase or decline with age?
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Decline
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What is plasticity in regards to lifespan development?
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The ability to adapt to adversity
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What are 3 multidimensional influences on development and describe their interaction
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physical/biological, cognitive and socio-emotional. There are all intrisically interwoven to influence development
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What are 3 contextual influences of life span development and describe them
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Normative age-grades influences, normative history grades influences and non-normative life events.
Normative age graded influences are influences that are similar for individuals of the same age. Normative hsitory grades influences are those that are similar for a particular historical cohort Non - normative life events are individual and unpredictable events that occur. |
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What is more powerful than age grades influences on adult development?
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Non-normative life events.
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What does Bronfenners Ecological SYstems Theory focus on?
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Complex systems of environments surrounding an individual
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What did later conceptualisations of Bronfenners Ecological Systems Thoery emphasive? What was this called?
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Biological factors as well. Bio-ecological model
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What is a chronosystem?
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Figure that recognises the ever changing nature of environmental systems
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What is naturalistic observation?
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A systematic observational method that focuses on observing individuals in their natural environment
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What are some advantages and disadvantages of naturalistic observation?
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Ad - it is real life and has ecological validitry but some variables are unobservable, need to guard against experimenter and subject biases.
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What is structured observation?
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Observation under laboratory conditions where all individuals experience the same conditions
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What are two self report methods?
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Clinical interviews and structured interviews
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What are advantages and disadvantes for clinical interviews?
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Ad - flexible, individualised and useful for unobservable phenomenon
Neg potential for self report biases, forgetfull ness and flexible questioning may produce differences between participants |
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What are structured interviews? What are some advantages and limitations of these?
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They include questionnaires and standardises tests. Some advantages are that they are fast, efficient, standardised and some disadvantages are that they are subject to viases, cognitive demands and forgetfullness
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What are ethnographic methods?
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They use descriptive, qualitative methods to understand a cultural or distinct social group.
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What are two designs used to study development?
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Longitudinal designs and cross sectional designs
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What are some advantages and disadvantages of longitudinal designs?
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Advantage - They are truly developmental
Disadvantage - they are time consuming, expensive, prone to attrition of both researchers and participants, have practice effects and historical changes mean that results may only apply to that cohort. |
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What are some advantages and disadvantages of cross-sectional designs?
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They are quick, cheap and attrition and practice effects are not a problem because it is a one off event. HOwever, they are not truly developmental and cohort effects mimic age effects.
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What is an advantage and disadvantage of a sequential design?
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It differetiates age effects from cohort effects however they are expensive and time consuming.
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In regards to ethics, what are 3 particular concerns for young people
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That they have the capacity to understand and give informed consent, that they are vulnerable to coercion and the conflicting valules and interests of parents and children
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What 4 things must a study show to be ethical?
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Research merit and integrity, justice beneficence, and respect
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In regards to ethics, what does it mean to show respect?
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Research is explained in age appropriate terms and gained childs consent if they are mature enough or through parent/guardian.
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