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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Accepting pauses or silences that may extend for several seconds or minutes without interjecting any verbal response.
Example: Sitting quietly (or walking with the client) and waiting attentively until the client is able to put thoughts and feelings into words. |
Using Silence
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Therapeutic Technique
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Acknowledging, in a nonjudgmental way, of a change in behavior, an effort the client has made, or a contribution to a communication. Acknowledgment may be with or without understanding, verbal or nonverbal.
Examples: "You trimmed your beard and mustache and washed your hair." "I notice you keep squinting your eyes. Are you having difficulty seeing?" "You walked twice as far today with your walker." |
Giving Recognition
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Therapeutic Technique
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Suggesting one's presence, interest, or wish to understand the client without making any demands or attaching conditions that the client must comply with to receive the nurse's attention.
Examples: "I'll stay with you until your daughter arrives." "We can sit here quietly for a while; we don't need to talk unless you would like to." "I'll help you to dress to go home, if you like." |
Offering Self
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Therapeutic Technique
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Using open-ended questions that lead or invite the client to explore (elaborate, clarify, describe, compare, or illustrate) thoughts or feelings. These questions specify only the topic to be discussed and invite answers that are longer than one or two words.
Examples: "I'd like to hear more about that." "Tell me about..." "How have you been feeling lately?" "What brought you to the hospital?" "What is your opinion?" "You said you were frightened yesterday. How do you feel now?" |
Broad openings
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Therapeutic Technique
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Using statements or questions that (a) encourage the client to verbalize, (b) choose a topic of conversation, and (c) facilitate continued verbalization.
Examples: "Can you tell me how it is for you?" "Perhaps you would like to talk about..." "Would it help to discuss your feelings?" "Where would you like to begin?" "And then what?" |
General Leads
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Therapeutic Technique
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Directing ideas, feelings, questions, or content back to clients to enable them to explore their own ideas and feelings about a situation.
- Uses EXACT words Examples: Client: "What can I do?" Nurse: "What do you think would be helpful?" Client: "Do you think I should tell my husband?" Nurse: "You seem unsure about telling your husband." |
Reflecting
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Therapeutic Technique
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Actively listening for the client's basic message and then repeating those thoughts and/or feelings in similar words. This conveys that the nurse has listened and understood the client's basic message and also offers clients a clearer idea of what they have said.
- Uses SIMILAR words Examples: Client: "I couldn't manage to eat any dinner last night--not even the dessert." Nurse: "You had difficulty eating yesterday." Client: "Yes, I was very upset after my family left." Client: "I have trouble talking to strangers." Nurse: "You find it difficult talking to people you do not know?" |
Restating (Paraphrasing)
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Therapeutic Technique
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Providing, in a simple and direct manner, specific factual information the client may or may not request. When information in not known, the nurse states this and indicates who has it or when the nurse will obtain it.
Examples: "Your surgery is scheduled for 11am tomorrow." "You will feel a pulling sensation when the tube is removed from your abdomen." "I do not know the answer to that, but I will find out from Mrs. King, the nurse in charge." |
Giving Information
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Therapeutic Technique
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Helping the client to differentiate the real from the unreal.
Examples: "That telephone ring came from the program on television." "I see shadows from the window coverings." "Your magazine is here in the drawer. It has not been stolen." |
Presenting Reality
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Therapeutic Technique
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Using cliches or comforting statements of advice as a means to reassure the client. These responses block the fears, feelings, and other thoughts of the client.
Examples: "You'll feel better soon." "I'm sure everything will turn out all right." "Don't worry." |
False Reassurance
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Non-therapeutic Technique
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Refusing to discuss certain topics with the client. These responses often make clients feel that the nurse is rejecting not only their communication but also the clients themselves.
Examples: "I don't want to discuss that. Let's talk about..." "Let's discuss other areas of interest to you rather than the two problems you keep mentioning." "I can't talk now. I'm on my way for coffee break." |
Rejecting
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Non-therapeutic Technique
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Giving opinions and approving or disapproving responses, moralizing, or implying one's own values. These responses imply that the client must think as the nurse thinks, fostering client dependence.
- BEHAVIOR, instead of verbal Examples: "That's good (bad)." "You shouldn't do that." "That's not good enough." "What you did was wrong (right)." |
Approving or Disapproving
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Non-therapeutic Technique
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Akin to judgmental responses, implies that the client is either right or wrong and that the nurse is in a position to judge this. These responses deter clients from thinking through their position and may cause a client to become defensive.
- VERBAL, instead of behavior Examples: Client: "I don't think Dr. Broad is a very good doctor. He doesn't seem interested in his patients." Nurse:"Dr. Broad is head of the department of surgery and is an excellent surgeon." |
Agreeing and Disagreeing
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Non-therapeutic Technique
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Telling the client what to do. These responses deny the client's right to be an equal partner. Note that giving expert rather than common advice is therapeutic.
Examples: Client:"Should I move from my home to a nursing home?" Nurse:"If I were you, I'd go to a nursing home, where you'll get your meals cooked for you." |
Advising
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Non-therapeutic Technique
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Asking for information chiefly out of curiousity rather than with the intent to assist the client. These responses are considered prying and violate the client's privacy. Asking "why" often places the client in a defensive position.
Examples: Client: "I was speeding along the street and didn't see the stop sign." Nurse:"Why were you speeding?" Client:"I didn't ask the doctor when he was here." Nurse:"Why didn't you?" |
Probing
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Non-therapeutic Technique
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Giving a response that makes clients prove their statement or point of view. These responses indicate that the nurse is failing to consider the client's feelings, making the client feel it necessary to defend a position.
- Can also be WHY questions Examples: Client:"I felt nauseated after that red pill." Nurse:"Surely you don't think I gave you the wrong pill?" Client:"I feel as if I am dying." Nurse:"How can you feel that way when your pulse is 60?" |
Challenging
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Non-therapeutic Technique
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Attempting to protect a person or health care services from negative comments. These responses prevent the client from expressing true concerns. The nurse is saying, "You have no right to complain." These responses protect the nurse from admitting weaknesses in the health care services, including personal weaknesses.
Examples: Client:"Those night nurses must just sit around and talk all night. They didn't answer my light for over an hour." Nurse:"I'll have you know we literally run around on nights. You're not the only client, you know." |
Defending
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Non-therapeutic Technique
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Denies importance or uniqueness of the patient's feelings
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Belittling
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Non-therapeutic Technique
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Interchange of information, thoughts, and opinions; process of sharing and transmitting thoughts
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Communication
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To influence others and to obtain information; to establish and maintain harmonious and productive relationships among people
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Purpose of Communication
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The process of becoming aware through our senses.
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Perception
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