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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Four main types of tissues |
- Connective - Epithelium - Muscle - Neural |
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Transmission Electron Microscopes (TEM) |
light/electrons go THROUGH the specimen |
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Heterochromatin |
High density areas of DNA (dark part of TEM image) |
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Euchromatin |
Less DNA (white space of TEM image) |
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Scanning Electron Microscopes (SEM) |
Light/electrons do NOT pass through specimen; gives a 3D image |
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Most common stain used in histology
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- H&E (hematoxylin - purple & eosin - pink) - Hematoxylin - acidic things (like RNA/DNA) stain purple (basophilic) - Picture on page "Cytology Notes"Eosin stains pink to orange, acidophilic |
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Silver Stain |
reticular fiber stain - uses silver salt |
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Mitotic Figure |
when a cell is going thru mitosis |
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Interphase |
chromatin is inside nucleus in a dispersed way to facilitate transcription |
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Which phase of mitosis? |
Interphase |
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Prophase |
Looks like a ball of yarn - condensation of chromatin material. Very purple-blue. |
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Metaphase |
Chromatids begin to line up |
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Anaphase
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Sister chromatid groups are dragged toward the poles. |
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Telophase |
Nuclear envelope reforms & cells divide. |
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Open-Faced Nuclei |
Dense nucleolus, can see nuclear membrane & a lot of chromatin. - Means cell is mitotically active. |
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Closed-Faced Nuclei |
Looks like a dark lake; not mitotically active |
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Golgi Apparatus |
Involved in packaging - things the cell wants a membrane around White near the nucleus - due to neutral pH. |
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum |
Involved in protein synthesis Normally near the nucleus Purple-blue stain Purple haze near nucleus - means it's a very active cell making a ton of proteins |
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Microvilli |
- on cell membrane - increase surface area for absorption |
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Cilia |
- on cell membrane - sensory; move mucous and foreign material |
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Tissue Artifacts |
Air bubble, hair, dye leakage, etc. |
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Cell Inclusions |
Non-living material that the cell doesn't directly need to live ex: glycogen, lipids, crystals, pigments ***lipids & pigments most common in H&E staining*** |
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Glycogen |
- most common form of glucose in animals - energy source for cells - especially abundant in cells of muscle & liver |
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Lipids |
- triglycerides in storage form - energy source - fat cells - no membrane around it |
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Crystals |
- crystalline forms of certain proteins - cells don't like this - can create a block in cell structure |
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Pigments |
- various compounds found in cells which can sometimes serve a protective function (ex: melanin), mark cells age, or exposure to oxidative stress - ex: hemosiderin (byproduct of phagocytosis in red blood cells - rusty brown pigment) - ex: lipofuscin (things lysosomes couldn't digest) |
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Hemosiderin |
byproduct of phagocytosis in red blood cells rusty brown pigment |
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Lipofuscin |
things lysosomes couldn't digest tells us cells are really old or hit with a lot of oxidative stress (hasn't had an easy life) |
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Stroma |
most of the white part - nonliving structural material - gives support - called 'septa' in pancreas - holds organ together |
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Parenchyma |
blue part (colored filling portion) - functional cellular material of an organ - specific cells that function to give the organ its identity |
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Acinus Structure |
Cellular ARRANGEMENT whereby cells surround each other in a radial formation |
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Lumen |
Opening in center of an acinus structure |
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Apical |
Top of cell |
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Basal |
Bottom of cell |
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Zymogen Granuals |
- Apical side - acidophilic (pink/orange) - Digestive enzyme |
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Shrinkage |
considered to be "artifact" empty space between cell membrane and rest of cell |
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Lipid droplets |
- Cell inclusion - Show where lipid was |
