Neurobio, Week 1

Front 1

Molecular neuroscience:

Back 1

Genetics, ion channels, neurotransmitters

Front 2

Cellular neuroscience:

Back 2

Types of neurons, connectivity, development

Front 3

Systems neuroscience:

Back 3

Circuits, sensory systems, perception

Front 4

Behavioral neuroscience:

Back 4

Behaviors, moods, memory

Front 5

Cognitive neuroscience

Back 5

Cognition, self-awareness, language

Front 6

Earliest mention of the brain:

Back 6

17th Century B.C. in Egypt

Front 7

Nervous system has these two basic subdivisions:

Back 7

Central Nervous System

Peripheral Nervous System

Front 8

Central Nervous System consists of:

Back 8

Brain and spinal cord

Front 9

Peripheral Nervous System consists of :

Back 9

Sensory and motor functions

Front 10

Central Nervous Systems consists of these two types of tissues:

Back 10

Gray matter

White matter

Front 11

Gray matter:

Back 11

Cell bodies of neurons

Front 12

White matter:

Back 12

Axons of neurons

Front 13

______ are continuous with spinal cord and peripheral nerves

Back 13

The axons of neurons (white matter)

Front 14

______ matter leaving the spinal cord contact both muscle and skin.

Back 14

White

Front 15

2 major classes of cells in the nervous system:

Back 15

-Neuron

-Glial

Front 16

Support cells of the nervous system:

Back 16

Glial cells

Front 17

All processes coming off soma are called:

Back 17

Neurites

Front 18

Most important structures inside a neuron:

Back 18

-Mitochondria

-Cytoskeleton

-Cell membrane

Front 19

Nissl stains:

Back 19

Purple dyes that stain nuclei and surrounding material

Front 20

Golgi stain:

Back 20

Silver chromate solution that entirely labels a small % of neurons.

Front 21

Brainbow:

Back 21

Insertion of fluorescent protein genes with transgenic model.

Front 22

How to classify neurons:

Back 22

-Polarity

-Connectivity

-Type of neurotransmitter

-Shape

-Location in body

Front 23

Polarity:

Back 23

Number of neurites off soma

-Unipolar

-Bipolar

-Multipolar (2+)

Front 24

Examples of shapes of dendrites:

Back 24

-Stellate (branched, star)

-Pyramidal (pyramid-like)

Front 25

Neurons can be classified by these three connections:

Back 25

-Sensory

-Interneuron

-Motor

Front 26

Astrocytes:

Back 26

Type of glial cell that fills spaces between neurons. Regulate chemical composition of extracellular space.

Front 27

Mylinating glia:

Back 27

Type of glial cell that extends membranes to tightly wrap axons of neurons for insulation.

Front 28

Microglia:

Back 28

Type of glial cell that is a branch of the immune system that is specific to nervous system. Specialized macrophage. Rids nervous system of damaged tissue, pathogens, and foreign bodies.

Front 29

Ependymal cells:

Back 29

Type of glial cell that line the fluid filled ventricles of the brain and produce CSF

Front 30

________ collect signal from other neurons.

Back 30

Dendrites

Front 31

_______ carries signal and passes to next cell.

Back 31

Axon

Front 32

Resting membrane potential of a neuron:

Back 32

~ -65 mv

Front 33

______ particles cannot move on their own and need channel to allow transport through membrane.

Back 33

Charged

Front 34

Electrical signals depend on movement of ______.

Back 34

Charged particles

Front 35

Electrical signals in neurons are the movement of:

Back 35

Ions across membranes

Front 36

Current:

Back 36

Movement of electrical charge

Front 37

Current is measured in the direction of:

Back 37

Positive charge movement

Front 38

Symbol and unit for "current":

Back 38

(I) Amperes, Amps

Front 39

Voltage:

Back 39

The electrical potential energy between 2 points, and determines the strength of current.

Front 40

Resistance:

Back 40

A charged particle can encounter resistance, which can slow or prevent current

Front 41

Symbol and unit for "resistance"

Back 41

(R) Ohm

Front 42

Conductance:

Back 42

Inverse of resistance, relative ability of a charged particle to move.

Front 43

Symbol and unti for "conductance":

Back 43

(S) g

Front 44

Ohm's Law:

Back 44

V=IR

w/conductance: I=gV