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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How long is the gestation period in humans, days from onset of lmp, and days from fertilization? |
280 days from onset LMP or 266 days from fertilization |
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what are the 3 divisions of pre-natal development? during what weeks do they happen? |
1. pre-embryonic period- fert. to 2 weeks 2. embryonic period- 2-8 weeks 3. fetal period- 9thweek- birth |
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what does fertilization result in? (5) |
1. oocyte completing meiosis II 2. restoration of diploid chromosome number in zygote 3. species variation 4. determination of genetic sex 5. initiation of cleavage (mitosis) of zygote
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what is Gametogenesis ? |
the process of formation and development of specialized generative cells called gametes. In males- spermatogenesis in females- oogenesis |
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What are the phases of the Cell cycle and explain them |
Mitosis, cytokinesis, Interphase G1- cellular components except chromosomes are duplicated S- each of the 46 chromosomes is duplicated by the cell G2- The cell "double checks" the duplicated chromosomes for error, making any needed repairs G0 - cycle arrest |
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spermatids undergo __ to become sperm. This process is called ___ . But then entire process is called? |
cell transformation, spermiogenesis, spermatogenesis |
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# of __ are fixed during embryonic development |
oocytes |
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the primary oocyte is surrounded by __ cells. and around oocycte and these cells produce ___ which creates a shield called |
follicular, glycoproteins, zona pellucida |
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how does the secondary oocyte get pushed to one side? (this is the key feature of the secondary) |
by the fluid of the antrum |
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sperm must cross through what two barriers to get to the egg? |
corona radiata and zona pellucida |
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__ is the releasing hormone which will induce the __ to release __ and ___ |
GnRH, pituitary, LH and FSH |
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the development of follicles is characterized by? (4) |
• Growth and differentiation of primary oocyte •Proliferation of follicular cells •Formation of zona pellucida •Development of the theca folliculi |
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ovulation is triggered by ___ and this is elicited by increased levels of? |
LH surge, estrogen |
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the corpus luteum produces 2 hormones? |
estrogen and progesterone |
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if there's no sperm for fertilization what will degenerate ? If there is fertilization what will happen? |
corpus luteum, will become corpus luteum of pregnancy |
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what do the sperm need to pass through to for fertilization and what assists this? |
corona radiata, hyalurinidase |
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what feature of the sperm allows for penetration of the zona pellucida |
acrosin |
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what are the phases of fertilization? (7) |
1. passage of sperm through corona radiata 2. penetration of zona pellucida 3. fusion of plasma membrane of the oocyte and sperm 4. completion of 2nd meiotic division of oocyte and formation of female pronucleus 5. formation of male pronucleus 6. oocyte containing 2 haploid pronuclei is called ootid 7. fusion of pronuclei leads to the formation of zygote from ootid |
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how many hours after fertilization does cleavage begin?
the zygote becomes 2 identical ? |
30hr
blastomeres
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how many days after fertilization does the morula enter the uterus? What is the cavity called that appears inside the morula that is fluid filled? The fluid passes from the uterine cavity through what to form this space? |
4, blastocystic cavity, zona pellucida |
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what forms the wall of the bastocyst? |
trophoblast |
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after how many days does the zona pelluicda degenerate? |
2 days |
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the trophoblast differentiates into 2 layers that are called? when does this happen? |
cytotrophoblast (cellular), syncytiotrophoblast (multinucleated mass)
when the blastocyst attaches to the endometrial endothelium |
