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25 Cards in this Set

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Processes which lower the land.


1. Weathering

Is decomposition of rock

Processes which lower the land.


2. Erosion

Removal of weathered rock.


Agents: water, wind, ice.

Processes which lower the land


3. Mass wasting

Mass transport of sediment downhill

Types of weathering

1. Mehanical: rock is broken into pieces.


2. Chemical: rock is chemically changed.

Types of mechanical weathering


1. Ice wedging

Occurs when water seeps into cracks, freezes and expands (9%)



Talus: Rocks at the base of cliff

Dallas 1st and last freeze date

Dallas average 1st freeze date: Thanksgiving



Dallas average last freeze date:


St. Patricks day

Types of mechanical weathering


2. Pressure relase

Unloading expansion of rock. During to removal of overburdened.


Produces exfoliation domes:


Ex: Enchanted rock, TX


Independence rock, Wyoming


Stone Mountain, Georgia


Dun Mountain, New Zeland

Types of mechanical weathering


3. Biological activity

Actions by lifeforms

Chemical weathering of orthoclase

Bowen reaction series

Weathering rates increase with


1. Water

Brings chemicals into contact



Dallas average yearly rainfal: 30 in/year

Weathering rates increase with


2. Surface area

Allows more chemicals to react

Weathering in US

Le Chateliers Principle

A system in chemical equilibrium, if disturbed, reacts to regain it's equilibrium under the new condition

pH

Measure of acidity. All acids have free H-irons (H+)

pH scale

Acid Rain

Precipitation whose acidity is more than normal (pH 5.65 is acid but NOT acid rain)


Ex: pH 5 is acid rain


Ex: pH 6 is NOT acid rain (but is acid)

Humans make acid rain by burning:


1.

Wood: CO2 is formed


CO2 + rain = carbonic acid

Humans make acid rain by burning:


2.

Coal: contains sulfur


SO2 is formed + rain = sulfuric acid

Humans make acid rain by burning:


3.

Gasoline: engine compression forms NO2 + rain = nitric acid

Acid rain destroys:

1. Buildings


2. Trees


3. Lakes


4. Oceans

Mass wasting

Mass transport of sediment downhill

Types of mass wating


1. Falls

Sediment falls from mountain. Ice wedging is common cause.


Ex: rockfall

Types of mass wasting


2. Slides

Sediment slides:


A) Slump: movement of sediment in blocks along curved path slow.



B) Rockslides: rock sliding along flat surfaces.


Ex: Madison Canyon, Wyoming

Types of mass wasting


3. Flows

Sediment flows. Needs some water


A) Creep: slowest flow



B) Earthflow: thick mixture of sediment and water


Ex: Dallas, TX


Ex: La conchita, CA



C) Mudflow: Fluid mixture of sediment and water. Common in dessert and volcanic ash areas. Kill more people.