Weather & Climate, Ch 3

Front 1

Latitudinal Heat Balance: worldwide, average solar radiation is balanced by _____ ______.

Back 1

Worldwide, average solar radiation is balanced by average terrestial radiation. This is NOT true for each latitude N/S.

Front 2

Latitudinal Heat Balance: At ___ degress latitude or ____, more solar radiation is received than lost.

Back 2

Latitudinal Heat Balance: At 36 degress latitude or below, more solar radiation is received than lost.

Front 3

Latitudinal Heat Balance: At ___ degress latitude or ____, more solar radiation is lost than received.

Back 3

Latitudinal Heat Balance: At 36 degress latitude or above, more solar radiation is lost than received.

Front 4

The Earth's _____, and to a lesser extent the oceans, help to transfer air _____ and cold air _______. What does this drive?

Back 4

The Earth's atmosphere, and to a lesser extent the oceans, help to transfer air northward and cold air southward. This drives ocean currents.

Front 5

__ to __ latitude is where most heat transfer occurs and are the dominating areas for stormy weather.

Back 5

30 to 50 latitude is where most heat transfer occurs and are the dominating areas for stormy weather. This is more pronounced in the northern hemisphere b/c of the ration of land to water.

Front 6

What are the 5 guidelines for proper thermometer placement?

Back 6

1) no direct sunlight ANYTIME on sensor; 2) well ventilated; 3) sheilded from radiating surfaces; 4) ~5 ft above ground level; 5) above a grass/vegetated area.

Front 7

Fahrenheit scale developed by _____, based on _____, "zero" point at __, human body temp ___, water's boiling point ___.

Back 7

Fahrenheit scale was developed by Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit. It was based on mercury-in-glass, "zero" point at 32F, human body temp 98.6F, water's boiling point 212F.

Front 8

Celsius scale developed by _____, based on _____, "zero" point at __, human body temp ___, water's boiling point ___.

Back 8

Celsius scale was developed by Anders Celsius. It was based on a decimal scale, "zero" point at 0, human body temp 37C, water's boiling point 100C.

Front 9

A degree of celsius is ______ than a degree of fahrenheit by a factor of 1.8.

Back 9

A degree of celsius is larger than a degree of fahrenheit by a factor of 1.8.

Front 10

Kelvin scale developed by _____, based on _____, "zero" point at __, freezing temp ___, water's boiling point ___.

Back 10

Kelvin scale developed by Lord Kelvin/William Thompson, "zero" point is the cessation of molecular motion (no negative numbers), freezing temp 273K, water's boiling point 373K. (degrees are equivalent to those of celsius)

Front 11

Converting Celsius to Fahrenheit

Back 11

(F-32) / 1.8 = C

Takes into difference in zero point and ratio difference

Front 12

Converting Fahrenheit to Celsius

Back 12

1.8C + 32 = F

Takes into difference in zero point and ratio difference

Front 13

Solar radiation is the primary controler of temperature. However, place to place, changes are due to what 4 things?

Back 13

Place to place, temperature changes are due to: 1) differential heating of land/water; 2) ocean currents; 3) elevation; 4) latitude and geographic position.

Front 14

What are Heating and Cooling "degree days"?

Back 14

Heating degree day are quantitative indices designed to reflect the demand for energy needed to heat a home or business. These indices are derived from daily temperature observations, and the heating requirements for a given structure at a specific location are considered to be directly proportional to the number of HDD at that location. A similar index, cooling degree day, reflects the amount of energy used to cool a home or business.

Front 15

What assumption are HDD/CDD's based upon?

Back 15

HDD/CDD's are based on the assumption that heating/cooling in buildings is NOT required where the daily temperature is 65F/18.3C

Front 16

How do you compute a HDD/CDD?

Back 16

1) avg daily temp = (H+L)/2
2) compare to base temp of 65F
3) deviation is the number of degree days
4) HDD if daily avg < 65, CDD is daily avg > 65

Front 17

What are the HDD/CDD seasons?

Back 17

CDD Season: Jan thru Dec
HDD Season: July 1 thru June 30
*don't want to break up the season*

Front 18

What are the two critical factors in the Heat Stress Index?

Back 18

Air temperature and atmospheric humidity are the two critical factors in the Heat Stress Index. These are based on the evaporative cooling process.

Front 19

Heat Stress Index:
High Temp + Low Humidity = ?
Low Temp + High Humidity = ?

Back 19

High Temp + Low Humidity =?
Low Temp + High Humidity =?
Both are BAD

Front 20

The more dry the air, the ____ the evaporative process. The more humid the air, the _____ the evaporative process.

Back 20

The more dry the air, the better the evaporative process. The more humid the air, the less effective the evaporative process.

Front 21

Why was the original Wind Chill Index developed?

Back 21

The Wind Chill Index was developed for polar scientists in the 1940's.

Front 22

What two important factors were taken into account in computations for the new Wind Chill Index?

Back 22

Air temperature and wind speed are the primary factors that were accounted for in the updated Wind Chill Index.

Front 23

What is the most important element in the atmosphere when considering weather & climate?

Back 23

Water vapor is the most important element in the atmosphere when considering weather & climate. Water is VERY important when considering atmospheric stability.

Front 24

What 4 basic elements make up the hydrologic cycle?

Back 24

Evaporation, condensation, transpiration and infiltration are the basic elements of the hydrologic cycle.

Front 25

Whose works were entitle "Meteorologica"?

Back 25

Aristotle

Front 26

Who developed the thermometer?

Back 26

Galileo

Front 27

Who developed the barometer?

Back 27

Torricelli

Front 28

What are satellites and Radar looking for?

Back 28

Satellite looks for clouds.
Radar looks for hydrometer (reflectivity)

Front 29

Define isolines

Back 29

Isolines are lines of equal or constant values of a given property (with respect to place/time)

Front 30

Define isobars

Back 30

Isobars are lines of equal pressure

Front 31

Define isotherm

Back 31

Isotherms are lines of equal air temperature

Front 32

Define isohyet

Back 32

Isohyets are lines of equal rainfall

Front 33

Define isallobar

Back 33

Isallobars are lines of equal pressure change over a given period of time

Front 34

Define isodrosotherm

Back 34

Isodrosotherms are lines of equal viewpoint temperature

Front 35

Define isotach

Back 35

Isotachs are lines of equal wind speed