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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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short wave radiation is?
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sunlight
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earth receives shortwave radiation from the?
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sun
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earth emiths longwave radiation to the?
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atmosphere
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warming moves?
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left to right
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absorbs energy and cools the surrounding environment
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warming
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cooling moves?
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right to left
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releases energy and warms the surrounding environment
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cooling
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measure of the average kinetic energy (motion) of individual molecules of matter
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temperature
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a form of energy that flows from one system or object to another because of temperature differences
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heat
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energy that is added or removed from a system or object
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heat energy
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what temperature scale is an english system?
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fahrenheit
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which temperature scale is the worst?
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fahrenheit
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fahrenheit is named after?
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daniel g. fahrenheit
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daniel g. fahrenheit was a?
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german physicist
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based on the coldest temperature he could achieve in his lab
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fahrenheit
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temperature of the human body is how many degrees fahrenheit?
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around 100
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the melting point of ice in fahrenheit is?
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32 degrees
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the boiling point of water in fahrenheit is?
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212 degrees
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swedish astronomer
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anders celsius
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what is the melting point of ice in celsius?
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0 degrees
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what is the boiling point of water in celsius?
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100 degrees
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british physicist
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lord kelvin
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0 degree kelvin is?
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absolute zero
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temperature at which all atomic and molecular movements stops
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absolute zero
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melting point of ice in kelvin is?
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273 k
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boiling point of water in kelvin is?
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373 k
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surplus=?
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Net R
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the warmest time of the day occurs with?
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maximum energy absorption, not input
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the LAG diagram only shows?
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positive radiation
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what is a line on a map connecting equal values of something?
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isoline
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what effects amounts and angles of solar insolation?
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latitude
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when at any one time, 50 percent of the earth is covered with clouds?
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cloud cover
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what are temperatures on land that are more extreme than temperatures on or near water?
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land-water heating differences
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what is the result of continentality?
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wide temperature ranges
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earths temperature patterns shift toward nothern hemisphere in what month?
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july
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earths temperature patterns shift toward the southern hemisphere in what month?
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january
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just like daily temperature, the annual cycle of temperature trend lags behind the radiation trend by?
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three hours
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annual temperature trend lags behind radiation by?
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1 month or so over land and 2-3 months over water
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what indicates the enhanced rate at which body heat is lost to the air?
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wind chill factor
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wind chill factor increases with?
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increased wind speed and decreased temperature
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what indicates the body's reaction to air temperature and water vapor (humidity)?
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heat index
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what is moving air caused by the unequal heating of the earths surface and atmosphere?
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wind
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wind transports?
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atmospheric properties
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what forces air to move?
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differences in pressure
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what is a unit force per unit area?
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pressure
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what compresses air making it denser near the surface and pressure decreases rapidly with increasing altitude?
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gravity
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what is used for measuring pressure?
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mercury barometer
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who invented the mercury barometer and when?
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evangelista torricelli in 1643
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barometric pressure is based on?
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the standard atmospheric pressure at sea level
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is a line of constant pressure?
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isobar
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an isobar is like a?
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isotherm but with pressure
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what is the change in pressure with horizontal distance?
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pressure gradient
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properties of the pressure gradient force always goes from?
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high to low pressure at right angles to the isobars
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what is a large scale land/sea breeze?
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monsoons
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when strong in winter over central asia because it is so cold?
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siberian high
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when central asia warms quickly and the siberian high dissipates?
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summertime
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what is the deflective force resulting from the earths rotation?
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the coriolis effect
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the coriolis effect deflects moving air to the RIGHT in what hemisphere?
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northen hemisphere
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the coriolis effect deflects moving air to the LEFT in what hemisphere?
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southern hemisphere
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the coriolis effect is greatest at the?
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poles?
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what (drags) slows down wind and weakens the coriolis effect?
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friction
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cyclones have?
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low pressure
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anticyclones have?
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high pressure
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air that flows in an outward spiral across the isobars is a?
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anticyclone
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air that flows in an inward spiral across the isobars in a?
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cyclone
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what pulls objects toward the center of a curvature?
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centripetal force
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what force helps explain the curved flow of air near the ground (with friction)?
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centripetal force
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the general circulation of the atmosphere has?
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large time scales and large general circulation
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charcteristics of the earths general atmospheric circulation are set up by?
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rotation
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what is influenced by ITCZ all year?
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rainforest climates
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what is influenced by STH's all year?
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subtropical desert climates
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shifts with the direct rays of the sun
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hadley cells
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what type of climates are produced by the alternating influence of the ITCZ for part of the year and the STH for the other part?
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tropical wet/dry or savanna climates
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what is an airmass battleground that circles the earth dividing the cold polar air from the warm midlatitude air?
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polar front
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surface wind flow is?
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polar easterlies
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what are the imaginary cells between hadley and polar cells?
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ferrel cells
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ferrel cells are not really?
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circulation cells
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airflow in the midlatitudes goes?
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westerly
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airflow in the upper-atmosphere goes?
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westerly
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what is a corridor of very fast winds produced by steep pressure gradients?
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jet streams
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