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93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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hunter gatherer
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not permeneant
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hom sapiens
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wise wise human being. the scientific name of the people still living today.
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political states
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people livign in a defined territoty with boundaries and organized under a system of government with powerful official leaders and judges.
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neolithic revolution
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the invention of agriculture the domastecations of animals and all subsequent changes.
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demography
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the study of the size, growth, density , distributiopn and vital statisitics of the human population.
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civilization
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a way of life that includes political states based on cities with dense populations, large buildings constructed for communal activities, diverse economies, a sense of local identity and some knowledge of writing.
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city stat
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an urban center excersizing polticial aand economic authority over the surrounding area.
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ziggurats
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Mesopotamian temples of massive size built on a stair step design.
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cuneiform
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the earliest form of writing invented in mesopotamia and done with wedge-shaped characters.
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empire
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a political state in which one or more formely independent territories or peoples are ruled by a single soveriegn power.
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hunter gatherer
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not permeneant
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hom sapiens
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wise wise human being. the scientific name of the people still living today.
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political states
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people livign in a defined territoty with boundaries and organized under a system of government with powerful official leaders and judges.
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neolithic revolution
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the invention of agriculture the domastecations of animals and all subsequent changes.
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demography
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the study of the size, growth, density , distributiopn and vital statisitics of the human population.
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maat
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the egyptian goddes "what is right" embodying truth, justice and cosmic order.
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wisdom literature
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texts givign instructions for proper behavior by officials.
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mediterraneas polyculture
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the cultivation of olives , grapes, and grains in a single interrelated ag system.
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linear B
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the mycenaens pictogrpahic script for writing greek.
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sea peoples
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the diverse group of raiders who devastated the Eastern med region during the period of calamities.
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cyrus
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founder of persian empire
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moral dualsim
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the beleif that the world is the arena for a ongoing battle for control between divine forces of good and evil.
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torah
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the first five book so of the hebrew bible, also referred to as the pentateuch. it contains early jewish law.
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diaspora
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the dispersal of the Jewish population from their homeland.
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arete
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the greek value of competitive individual excellence.
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Homeer
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Greece's first and most famous author who wrote the illiad and the odyssey.
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polis
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the greek city state, an independent community of citizens.
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cult
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in ancient freece a set of official , publicly funded religious activites for a deity overseen by priests and priestesses.
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hoplite
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a heavily armed greek infantryman . hoplites constituted the main strike force of a city state's militia.
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helot
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a slave owned by the spartan city state, such slaves came from parts of greece conquered by the spartans.
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solon
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athenian political reformer whose changes promtoed early democracy
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demes
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the cillages and city neighborhoods that formed the constituent poltiicla units of athenian democracy in the late archaic age.
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sappho
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the most famous woman lyric poet of ancient greece of native of lesbos.
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rationalism
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the philosophical ide athat people must justify their claims by logic and reason not myth.
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delian league
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the naval alliance led by athens in the golden age that become the basis for the athenian empire.
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triremes
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greek wooden warships rowed by 170 oarsmen sitting on three levels and equiped with a battering ram at the bow.
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radical democracy
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direct democracy - included court system contorl by people. adult males
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ostracism
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an annual procedure in athenian radical democracy by which a man could be voted out of the city state for ten years ; its purpose was to prevent tyranny (these folks understood the nature of power pretty early on!)
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agora
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the central market square of a greek city state, a popular gathering place for conversation.
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mystery cults
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religious worship that provided initiation into secret knowledge and divine protection including hope for a better afterlife.
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metic
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aforeigner granted permanent residence in the athens in return for paying taxes and serving in the military.
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hetaira
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a witty and attractive woman who charged fees to entertain at a symposium.
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sophists
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competitive intellectuals and teacher in ancient greece who offered expensive coruses in persuasive public speaking and new ways of philosophic and religious thinking beginning aruons 450 BCE
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socratic method
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socrates method of traching through conversations and questioning premises.
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hubris
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greek term for violent arrogance.
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metaphysics
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philosophical ideas about the ultimate nature of reality beyond the reach of human senses
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dualism
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the philosophical idea tha the human soul and body are seperate.
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aristotle
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the greek philosopher famous for his scientific investigations, development of logical argument and practical ethics.
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helenistic
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greek like
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epigrams
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short poems written by women in the helenistic age- many were about other women and the writers personal feelings.
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materialism
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a philosophical doctronce of the helenistic age that denied metaphysics and claimed instead that only things consisting of matter truly exist.
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epicurism
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absence of distrubance. the philosphy founded by epicurus - a life of true pleasurefree of worry about death.
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koine
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the common shared form of greek language that become the international language in the helenisitc period.
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ruler cults
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that involved worship of a hellenistic ruler as a savior god.
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mos maiorum
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the way of the elders
the set of roman values handed down from the ancestors. |
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patrion client system
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the interlocking network of mutual obligation between roman patrons and clients
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patria potestas
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literally 'fathers power" the logal power a roman fathes possessed over the chiledn and slaves in the family - including owning all their property and having the irght to punish them even with deaht.
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res publica
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literally the poeples mater - the public business the romans name for thier republic and the source of our work republic.
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orders
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the two gorups of people int he roman republic patricians and plebians (masses)
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twelve tables
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first roman law code
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ladder of offices
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the serioes of roman elective government offices from quastor to consul.
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plebiscites
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resolutions passed by the plebian asembly ; such resolutoins gained the force of law.
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cicero
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romes most fmaous orator and author of the doctrine of humanitas
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huamnitas
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the ideas of humaness by cicero - meaning generous an honest treatment of others based on natural law.
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equites
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wealthy roman businessmen who chose not to pursue a government career.
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types of classes in rome
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poulares- common
optimates- elite proletarians - poor w no property. |
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first triumvirate
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the colations formed by pompey crassus and caesar - group of three
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principate
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roman poltiicla system invented by augustus as a disguised monarchy with the princeps (first man) as emperor
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pax romana
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the two centuries of relative peace and prosperity in the roman empire under the arly principate begun by augustus.
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augustus
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the honorary name meaning diveinely favors-roman senate bestowed on octavian it become shorthand for roman imperial ruler.
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praetorianguard
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the group of soldiers statione din rome under the meperiors control first formed by augustus.
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julio- claudians
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the ruling family of the early principate from augustus through nero , descended from the aristocratic families of the julians and the claudians.
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decurions
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municipal senate members in the roman empire responsible for collecting local taxes.
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romanization
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the spread of roman law and culture in the provinces of the roman empire.
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christ
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greek for anointed one in hebrew mashiach or in english messiah - gods agent sent to conquer the forces of evil.
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martyr
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the greek for witness the term sfor someone who dies for his or her faith.
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apostolic sucession
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the principle by which chrsitina bishops traced their authority back to the apostles of Jesus
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orthodoxy
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true doctrine specifically the beliefs defined for chrisitans by the church
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heresy
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the false doctrine- banned by church.
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neoplatonism
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plotinus spiritual philosophy based mainly on platos ideas which was very influental for christan intelelctuals.
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debasement of coinage
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putting less silver in a coin without changing its face value; practiced bduring the thirs century ce crisis in rome.
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dominate
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the blatantly authoritarian style of roman rule from DIOLETIAN onward the words was derived from master and contrasted with pricipate.
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tetrarchy
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rule by four - consisting of 2 co-emperors tow assists sucessors. DIOLETIAN decided to do since the empire was too big to be maaged by one man in his view.
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coloni
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tenant farmers bound by law to work the land
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curilas
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the social elite.
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great persecution
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violent program by diolectian to make christian convert or risk property or death
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edict of milan
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the proclemation of the coempoeres constantine and licinius decreeing free choice of relgion in the empire.
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Julian the apostate
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the roman emperor who rejected christianity and tried to resotre tradional relgiogn the state relgion
apostate means renegage form faith. |
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arianism
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chrisitan doctrine naed after aris who argued that jesus was begotten and god did nothave an identical nature with god the father.
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nicene creed
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god and father jesus were one substnace.
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asceticism
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the practice of self denial especially thorugh spiritual discipline. emphasized by augustine.
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hijra
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emigration from mecca to medina by muhammad
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5 pilars of islam
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zakat -
fast of ramadan hajj pilgrimage salat worhsip sahadah |
