Wciv Rome

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father of Alexander the Great

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Philip II

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took over Macedonia after Phillip II and conquered the Persian Empire while spreading Hellenism (Greek Culture)

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Alexander the Great

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capital of Persia that was overtook by Alexander

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Persepolis

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Tarquin the Proud was overthrown by the Romans and Rome became a city-state

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509 B.C.

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lower class citizens of Rome

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plebeians

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upper class of Rome; ran the early Rome Republic

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patricians

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Grandnephew of Julius Caesar; first Roman emperor; worked to restore the republic while increasing his own power; invaded the Germanic tribes beyond the Rhine River.

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Octavian (Augustus)

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Roman consul who played a major role in converting the Republic into the Roman Empire. First to conquer Britannia and spread the empire all the way to the Atlantic Ocean.

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Julius Caesar

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political alliance in Rome that included Pompey, Crassus, and Caesar

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First Triumvirate

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Carthaginian commander in Spain who lead Carthage against Rome during the Punic Wars

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Hannibal

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series of wars between Rome and Carthage which ended in the defeat of Carthage and the joining of Macedonia to the Roman Republic

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the Punic Wars

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fought against Rome during the Punic Wars; lead by Hannibal

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Carthage

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Roman politician who was part of the First Triumvirate and who suppressed the slave revolt of Spartacus.

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Crassus

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part of the Second Triumvirate along with Octavian and Lepidus; defeated by Octavian at the Battle of Actium during a Roman civil war.

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Mark Antony

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began as a lieutenant of Sulla; part of the First Triumvirate. Went against Caesar in a Roman Civil War.

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Pompey

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Rome’s second emperor, Julio-Claudian emperor after Augustus. Was emperor when Jesus was sentenced to be crucified. Beginning of the Principate.

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Tiberius

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Created by Augustus, was an imperial bodyguard who often assassinated the emperors they were supposed to protect.

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Praetorian Guard

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claimed he was Messiah and was sentenced to crucifixion by Pontius Pilate.

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Jesus

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Julio-Claudian Emperor (4th of Rome) after the assassination of Caligula. First emperor to be born outside of Italy. Built 2 major aqueducts.

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Claudius

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site of battles between Rome and the Germanic Tribes in which 2 Roman legions were lost.

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Teutoburger Forest

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Jewish political movement against the Roman Empire. Fought to rid Judaea of the Romans.Disdained the Romans and had direct control of the Temple. Didn’t pay taxes to Rome and sometimes set attacks. Took over Jerusalem.

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Zealots

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Hellenized Jew who was comfortable in both the Roman and Jewish worlds. Was the single most important figure responsible for changing Christianity from a Jewish sect into a separate religion. He was the first to voice a universal message of Christianity.

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Apostle Paul

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fall of the Roman Empire under Romulus Augustus

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476 A.D.

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“Rule of Four”; put into place by Diocletian.

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Tetrarchy

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Moved the capital of Rome to Constantinople. Legalized Christianity in the Roman Empire.

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Constantine

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Roman emperor who divided thee empire into two parts. Took control of the eastern empire and gave the western empire to a colleague. Brought stability to the Roman empire and helped it survive; Tetrarchy.

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Diocletian

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Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius

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five good emperors

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took 200 acres of land after the fire in Romen. Began the 1st of the Christian persecutions.

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Nero

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eldest ranking male in a Roman household

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Paterfamilias

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Roman aristocrat who recognized the troubles of Rome’s peasant farmers and urban poor. Tribune of the people of Rome.

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Tiberius Gracchus

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Began in Egypt in the 3rd century. Living in monasteries as a monk to seek God through prayer in isolation.

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Monasticism

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invaded Italy and sacked Rome in 410

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Alaric of the Visigoths

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Battle between the Visigoths and the Roman army where Emperor Valens is killed in battle; 378 B.C.

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Battle of Adrianople

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Roman consul who allowed landless veterans to serve in the Roman army. Attacks Rome after leadership of the army was given to Sulla.

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Gaius Marius

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philosopher who brought stoicism into the Hellenistic philosophy.

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Zeno

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Consul in 88 B.C.; marched on Rome twice and became dictator

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Sulla

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church leaders who rule over a district

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bishop of Rome

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cynics

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Diogenes

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refuted the geocentric view; supported the helio-centric view

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Aristarchus

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mathematician who lived in Alexandria. “The Elements of Geometry”

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Euclid

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head librarian at the library of Alexandria; calculated the circumference of the Earth.

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Eratosthenes

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greatest thinker of the Hellenistic period. Invented the compound pulley, catapult, and the Archimedean screw. “On Plane Equilibrium” and “On Floating Bodies”

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Archimedes

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Wrote one of the Gospels of Jesus

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Apostle Peter

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Wrote a brief set of regulations for the monks who had gathered around him at Monte Cassino between Rome and Naples called the “Rule”

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Saint Benedict

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“The Confessions” History is the account of God acting in time.

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Saint Augustine

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Constitutio Antoniniana; granted citizenship to all people in Rome

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212 A.D.

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made Chistianity the official religion of Rome

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Theodosius

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Jewish aristocrat decendents that interpret the Torah. They didn't believe in an afterlife

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Sadducees

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isolated group who thought they were decendents of Sadok. did believe in an afterlife

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Essenes

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people who believed the Messiah is coming soon and think that there will be a time of tribulation

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Apocalyptic

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vespasian, titus, and domitian

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the flavians

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tiverius, caligula, claudius, nero

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Julio-Claudian emperors