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110 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The middle ages is known as the_?
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age of faith
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Aristotle claimed :
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Ptolemaic Theory-that the earth was the center of the universe
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When was the birth of Modern Astronomy/Science?
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1543
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Who was the first to challange the Ptolemaic Theroy and what did he publish in 1543?
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Nicholas Copernicus; " On the Revolution of the Heavenly Spheres"
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What was the Heliocentric view?
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that the sun was the center of the universe
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Who was the second guy to challange the usual way of thinking? What did he claim?
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Johannes Kepler; that the orbits were eliptical not circular
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Who was the first guy to use the telescope? What did he publish?
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Galeleo Galilei; "The Starry Messenger" and "The Dialogue"
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What did Newton publish and what was his view?
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"Principia"; universe-natural laws
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Who were the makers of the Scientific Method?
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Descartes and Bacon
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Bacon; what essay and advocated what?
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not a real scientist; published "The Advancement of Learning"; INductve method of reasoning
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Descartes advocated what?
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the deductive method of reasoning
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The Cartisian Doubt? Descartes book?
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skepticism- the "Discourse on Method"
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Fontanelle published-
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plurality of the worlds
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What was the new skepticism?
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Religion and government
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Baron de Montesquieu published?
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"Spririt of Laws"
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Volataire published?
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Letters on the english and the philosophical dictionary
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Denis Dederot-
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encyclopedia
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John Locke wanted to- published:
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change instituitions to make better people- "concerning human behavior"
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tabula rosa
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people are molded by their environment so change their environment/institutions
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Marie Jean de Condorcet- book
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made the claim that human perfectability is possible bc of science and reason ;" The progerss of the human mind"
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the commercial revolution?
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begining of capitalism; trade rivalries are the result
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Navigation Acts were passed to enforce what?
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Mercantilism- the economic theroy that advocated government economic policies to make the "mother country" as independent or self sufficient as possible
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The second 100 yrs war:
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4 wars; england and france were always on opposing sides; war of l.o.augsberge and war o.t. spanish succession
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Trade wars:
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S. E. and F. wanted the West Indies; The Infamous middle passage from africa to new world resulted in many deaths
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The war of Jenkins Ear-
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England vs. spain in the caribbean began over trade
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The war of the Austrian succession/King Georges war (NW)
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over The Balance of Power in England; Prussia France and Spain vs. Austria England Holland and Russia
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Marie Theresa-
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Charles VI daughter that he wanted in power bc he had no male heir
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The Pragmatic Sanction-
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a document issued by the HRE Charles VI to ensure that his daughter Marie Theresa is accepted as his successor
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Frederick II of Prussia attacked to gain control of who?
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Silesia
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The English Role-
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neutral
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Battle of Culloden Moor
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in Scotland is a defeat for Bonnie Prince Chalres- the last stuart attempt to regain the throne
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Treaty of Aix la Chapelle: terms?
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ended 2 100 yrs war; Prussia is awarded Silesia
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The Diplomatic Revolution:
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France and Austria become allies instead of enemies
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William Pitt-
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good leader for the english during the french and indian war and the 7 yrs war
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Battle of Plesey (India)
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an English victory
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Battle of Quebec (Canada)
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an Enlish victory
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Fredrick II lead who?
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prussia
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When was the Treaty of Paris and what did it end?
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1763; the 4th war of 2nd 100 yrs war - the 7 yrs war
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what were the 4 wars of the 2nd 100 yrs war?
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the war of the league of augsburg; the war of the spanish succession; the war of the austrian succession; the seven yrs war
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Why did England and France not have enlightened rulers?
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E.- limited gov. and the glorious rev. F.- absolute government
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Cardinal Fleury-
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Louis XV's economic advisor
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who said "It will last through me, then the deluge"
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Louis XV
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Who started the last 2 wars of the 2 100 yrs war and wasnt relegiously partial?
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Frederick II
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What did Volataire call Fredrick II?
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philosopher king
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Francois Quesnay-
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the french founder of the shool of thinkers known as the Physiocrates (economics)
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Adam Smith- book; advocated
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a scottish economist who is considered the founder of Classical Economics; "Wealth of nations"; free trade
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John Locke:
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an english philosopher who founded the empiricist school of philosophy
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau- book (2); quote;
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Father of Romanticism; "The Social Contract" "Emile"; Man was bron free but everywhere in chains
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The American Revolution dates:
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1775-1783
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What was one of the Policies of Greenville? Colonial Response?
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The Stamp Act- first direct tax; boycott
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Policy of Townsend established: British Troops do what? what results of their move?
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Townsend Acts- indirect taxes; are sent to Boston ton enforce acts of parliament; Boston Massacre
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Policy of North?
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Tea Act
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What are the Intolerable Acts/ Coercive Acts?
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4 lwas are passed by Parliament to punish Boston for the dextruction of property (tea)
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First Continental Congress drew up several papers inculding the-
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Decleration of RIghts and grievances
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What important thing happened bw 1st and 2nt congress?
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Battles of Lexington and Concord
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Second Continental Congress served as the...
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first acting provisional government of the united colonies
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who was selected to be the commander fo the continental forces?
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George Washington
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Who was the British King?
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King George III
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Thomas Paine published what at this time?
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Common Sence that decladed independence
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the 2nd continental congress apponited 5 ppl to write what?
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the decleration of independence
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The American Revolutionary War:: Battle of saratoga lead to what?
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the franco-american alliance; france is the oldest ally of the US
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Battle of yorktown
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the fianl major battle of the conflict
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what ends the american revolutionary war and its terms?
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1783 treaty of paris- american independence
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The French Revolution:: the Old Regime-
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france during the Bourbon rule
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what bourbon is ruling now?
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Louis XV
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Who is the ruler during the american and french revolutions?
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Louis XVI
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what is the Estates General?
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the 3 social classes in France
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1st 2nd and 3rd?
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clergy
nobilty commoners |
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what was the bourgeoisie?
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the upper middle class
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in what year did the delegates to the Estates General meet in ____?
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1789, Versailles
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what 2 step did the 3rd estate take and why?
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the Tennis Court Oath, for a Constitution to be written
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what was the start of the french revolution?
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the storming of the bastille
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what was formerly the 3rd estate is now the what?
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the work of the National Assembly
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what did the national assembly adopt?
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the Decleration of the rights of man and citizen which was influenced by the natural rights
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what was the march of the poor women?
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where the fish marken women march from Paris to Versailles to protest the lack of bread
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what was the flight of the king to Varennes?
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Louis XVI and the royal family attempt to escape paris
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what else did the National Assembly write and what did it establish?
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The Constitution of 1791 - limited/constitutional monarchy (king) with an elect Legislative Assembly
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what party 1st wins control of the Legislative assembly?
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the Girondists
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who where the Gerondists?
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favored a republic and wanted war with austria
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who were the jacobins?
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the second largest party in the Legislative assembly that favored a paris centered republic
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what did the gernidists and the jacobins have in common?
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both oppossed kings and both wanted war
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who were the coalition with and who were they agains?
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with austria agianst france
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when the constitution of 1791 ends, who gains control of the Legislative Assembly?
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jacobins
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what is the Legislative Assembly turned in to?
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the National Convention
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what do they to to France?
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delcare it a Republic, 1st time, end of king
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who was the most famous Jacobin leader?
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Robespierre (most radical)
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who placed Louis XVI on trial? and what happened?
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National Convention, executed by the Guillotine
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what was formed to serve as a war cabinet (12 members)? controlled by?
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Committee of Public Safety; the jacobins
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who was in charge of the reign of terror?
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robespierre
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Constitution of 1795?
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strong executive; weak legislature
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what takes the place of the National Convention?
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the directory govermnent
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who lead the italian campaign?
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Napleon
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what happens during the Egyptian Expedition?
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Nap. is working for the directory and goes to egypt and finds the Rosetta Stone while trapped
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who is the enemy of the French?
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Admiral Horatio Nelson
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What takes the place of the Directory Gov.? called for _ consuls
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Consulate Governmen, 3
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what was the 1st gov. that nap. worked for?
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consulate
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The Code Napoleon?
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codification of french law (5)
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the Concordate of 1801-
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an agreement bw Nap. and church that ended the schism and restablished good realtions bw church and state
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what prevented Nap. from invading Eng?
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Battle of Trafalgar
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the holy roman empire becomes
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the confederation of the Rhine
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the treaties of tilsit is signed by?
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russia and prussia
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the Continental System?
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an economic blockade of england by france
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British "orders in Council"
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the british response to the continental system is to place a trade blockade on france
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the Pininsular war?
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spain and portugal
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what battle was the effective end for Nap.?
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Battle of Lepzig/ Battle of the Nations
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What was Nap. biggest mistake?
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The invasion of Russia
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where is Nap. exiled to first?
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Elba
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what is the "100 days"
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the return of Nap. from elba to france and his attempt to reclaim power
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what is Nap. last battle?
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Battle of Waterloo
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where is he exiled to 2?
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island of St. Helena
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