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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cyrus the Great
- who was he? - what did he do? |
-leader of Persian Empire
-won the independence from the Medes who had previously conquered the Persians - his victory--> New Persian Empire |
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what areas did Cyrus add to the Persian Empire?
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- after he conquered Medes, he added SW Asia, Mesopotamia, central Asia
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what did Cyrus do when he conquered a new area?
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he let the people of the area keep their own customs
- less likely to rebel |
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why was Cyrus so successful in conquering?
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- strong army b/c it was well organized and loyal
- good strategy - 1st he would attack enemy with calvary to weaken, then he would send the inmortals to finish them |
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Inmortals
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10000 soldiers that were the heart of the Persian Army
- the strongest of the army |
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calvary
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the unit of the army that rode horses
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Cambyses
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Cyrus' son
- he continued to expand the empire - conquered Egypt |
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Darius I
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took over the persian empire after Cambyses died
- restore order in Persia after Cambyses died - and he expanded the Empire further - organized the empire into provinces - built Royal Road - new religion |
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satraps
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governors of the provinces - established by Darius
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Royal Road
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built during Darius time
- long road that connected cities in Persia - |
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Persepolis
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capital of Persian Empire
- Darius made it the capital |
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zoroastrianism
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Persian religion
- good and evil where the 2 forces that controlled the universe |
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what rebellion did the Persians experience under Darius rule?
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the greeks rebelled
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Persian Wars
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a series of wars b/n the Persians and the Greeks
- started in a city called Marathon - 11,000 greeks vs 15000 Persians |
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Xerxes
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Darius son
- involved in the 2nd war vs the Greeks where the Persians won b/c of greek traitor - burned Athens |
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who won the Persian Wars
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there were many battles, so won by the Greeks and some by the Persians
- In the end the Greeks won - GREAT VICTORY for the Greeks |
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Spartans vs the Athenians
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fighting over who should really be in control of Greece
Spartan - liked land Athenians - liked the Sea - led to Peloponnesian War |
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what were the Spartans like
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- built a Military Society - their lifes revolved around the military
-for women and men, children - early boys trained to be in army - courage and strength very imp - self discipline and obedience - very imp for soldiers -men in army 7- 60 yrs old |
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what were the Athenians like?
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- emphasized education, culture, art and the physically fit body
- improve bodies and minds - men in army only for 2 yrs -rich boys studied astronomy, geometry |
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helots
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the slaves in Sparta
- there were a lot of them but they never rebelled b/c they were scared of the Spartan Army |
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women in Athens
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- had very little rights
- most had no education - some (few) had tutors -could not be in gov. - had to obey husbands - had to get perimission to leave the house |
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Delian League
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- alliance formed by Greek city states to help defend Greece against enemies (like Persians)
- every city state contributed a little of $ to it to fund it - Athens - the strongest member of the league |
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Peloponnesian League
Peloponnesian War |
another alliance built in the South -
- led by Spartans - worried about Athenian empire growing so declared war vs AThens |
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who won the Peoloponnesian War
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Sparta
- after many years - Sparta then became the most powerful city state in Greece for the next 30 yrs. |
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what happened after the Peloponnesian War
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Spartan took control of Greece for 30 yrs, but some city states resented Spartan control
- over the years city states continued to fight for control of Greece |
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Alexander the Great
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- Phillip II's son
-- came from Macedonia and attacked the persians -built the largest empire at the time- -much of Europe, Asia and Egypt, Syria, Persia |
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hellenistic culture
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- formed by the blend in cultures of all the places that Alexander the Great conquered.
- Greek like |
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who conquered Greece after te Peloponnesian War?
- where were they from? |
the Macedonians
- they were just N of Greece |
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Philip II
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- leader of Macedonia when they attacked Greece
- very smart leader - good strategies - used phalanx |
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phalanx
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16 x 10 group of soliders with spears
- Phillip II war style |
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what happened after Alex the Great died
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- empire was broken into 3 kingdoms :
- Hellenistic Macedonia/Greece - Hellenistic Syria - Hellenistic Egypt |
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Greek Achievements
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- art/sculpture/paintings
- phylosophy - architecture - writing - science and math |
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Parthenon
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- most imp Greek building
- beautiful temple built by the Greeks in AThens - on top of the Athenian acropolis - built by Pericles |
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3 famous Greek phylosphers
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1) SOcrates - teacher/thinker
2) Plato - Socrates' student 3) Aristotle - Plato's student |
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What happened to Socrates ? How did he die?
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- killed b/c greek people thought he was corrupting the minds of the young people
- sentenced to die by drinking poison |
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what is Socratic Method?
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- teaching by asking questions
- forces people to think |
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Aristotle's phylosophy
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- evertything should be done in moderation or balance
- moderation should be based on reason |
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Euclid
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- great Greek contributor in geometry
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hippocrates
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great greek doctor
- known b.c he said how doctors should behave |
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2 types of drama the greeks invented
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1) tragedies
2) plays to honor gods - religious ceremonies - entertainment |
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why did Greek columns buldge in the middle
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- to avoid an optical illusion that is created when there are many columns in which it appears that they indent
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