Wbc Disorders

Front 1

what conditions is eosinophilia seen in?

Back 1

type I hypersensitivity, invasive helminthic infection, polyarteritis nodosa, addison's disease (cortisol deficiency)

Front 2

when is basophilia seen?

Back 2

chronic myeloproliferative disorders

Front 3

atypical lymphocytosis?

Back 3

due to infection or drugs, antigenically stimulated lymphocytes have prominent nucleoli and abundant blue cytoplasm

Front 4

antibody detected early/late in infectious mono?

Back 4

early: antiviral capsid antigen (VCA) antibodies;
late: anti-epstein barr nuclear antigen (EBNA) antibodies

Front 5

most sensitive cell to destruction by radiation?

Back 5

lymphocytes

Front 6

when see lymphopenia?

Back 6

HIV, immunnodeficiency, immune destruction (SLE), corticosteroids, radiation

Front 7

when see monocytosis?

Back 7

chronic infection, autoimmune disease, malignancy

Front 8

gender epidemiology of leukemias?

Back 8

male > female

Front 9

leukemia risk factors?

Back 9

chromosomal abnormalities, ionizing radiation, chemicals, alkylating agents, chronic myeloproliferative diseases, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, cigarette smoking, immunodeficiency diseases

Front 10

most common leukemia in children (newborn - 14 yo)?

Back 10

acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)

Front 11

most common leukemia in 15-39 yo?

Back 11

acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML)

Front 12

most common leukemias in 40-60 yo?

Back 12

acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) and chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)

Front 13

most common leukemia in >60 yo?

Back 13

chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

Front 14

clinical findings in acute leukemia?

Back 14

fever, bleeding, fatigue, bone pain

Front 15

common organs of mets in ALL?

Back 15

CNS, testicles

Front 16

lab findings in acute leukemia?

Back 16

blasts in peripheral blood, normocytic to macrocytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, hypercellular bone marrow with >20% blasts

Front 17

lab findings in chronic leukemia?

Back 17

some evidence of maturation of cells, normocytic to macrocytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, hypercellular bone marrow with <10% blasts

Front 18

which chronic leukemia is exception to clinical finding of thrombocytopenia?

Back 18

CML, thrombocytosis occurs in 40% of cases

Front 19

chronic myeloproliferative disorders?

Back 19

polycythemia vera, chronic myelogenous leukemia, myeloid metaplasia with myelofibrosis, essential thrombocythemia

Front 20

absolute polycythemia?

Back 20

increase in bone marrow production of rbcs resulting in increased rbc count and rbc mass

Front 21

appropriate absolute polycythemia?

Back 21

hypoxic stimulus for EPO

Front 22

mutation in polycythemia vera?

Back 22

JAK2 gene on short arm of chromosome 9 (same mutation may manifest as myelofibrosis and myeloid metapolasia or essential thrombocythemia)

Front 23

clinical findings in polycythemia vera?

Back 23

hepatosplenomegaly, ruddy face, thrombotic event, impaired CNS circulation, pruritis after bathing, peptic ulcer disease, gout

Front 24

best initial lab test for polycythemia vera?

Back 24

decreased EPO

Front 25

risk factors for CML?

Back 25

ionizing radiation and benzene

Front 26

mutation in CML?

Back 26

philadelphia chromosome (t9;22 translocation): BCR-ABL fusion gene

Front 27

basophilia is prominent in which leukemia?

Back 27

CML

Front 28

CML prognosis?

Back 28

~90% 5 year survival

Front 29

pathogenesis of myelofibrosis and myeloid metaplasia?

Back 29

ineffective erythropoiesis, dysplastic megakaryocytes, immature granulocytes, reactive myelofibrosis; marrow fibrosis occurs earlier than in other chronic myeloproliferative diseases

Front 30

clinical findings in myelofibrosis and myeloid metaplasia?

Back 30

massive splenomegaly with portal HTN; splenic infarcts with left-sided pleural effusions

Front 31

treatment for myeloproliferative diseases?

Back 31

hydroxyurea

Front 32

lab findings in myelodysplastic syndromes?

Back 32

severe pancytopenia, ringed sideroblasts, myeloblasts <20%

Front 33

myelodysplastic syndromes may progress to which leukemia?

Back 33

AML (acute myeloblastic leukemia)

Front 34

clinical findings in AML?

Back 34

DIC, gum infiltration

Front 35

characteristic histological finding in AML?

Back 35

auer rods: fused azurophilic granules in cytosol (NOT in CML)

Front 36

mutation in acute promyelocytic leukemia?

Back 36

t(15;17) translocation

Front 37

subtypes of ALL?

Back 37

early pre-B cell, pre-B cell, B cell, and T cell

Front 38

mutation associated with favorable prognosis in early pre-B cell ALL?

Back 38

t(12;21) translocation

Front 39

clinical presentation of T cell ALL?

Back 39

anterior mediastinal mass or acute leukemia

Front 40

markers in B cell vs T cell ALL?

Back 40

B is CD10(+), T is CD10(-), both are TdT(+) [terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase]

Front 41

lab findings in ALL?

Back 41

>20% lymphoblasts in peripheral blood, normocytic anemia with thrombocytopenia

Front 42

adult T cell leukemia association?

Back 42

human T cell leukemia virus (HTLV-1)

Front 43

pathogenesis of adult T cell leukemia?

Back 43

activation of TAX gene, which inhibits the tp53 suppressor gene

Front 44

bone lesions associated with adult T cell leukemia?

Back 44

lytic: due to lymphoblast release of osteoclast-activating factor, associated with hypercalcemia

Front 45

lab findings in adult T cell leukemia?

Back 45

>20% lymphoblasts in peripheral blood, CD4(+), TdT(-)

Front 46

most common overall leukemia?

Back 46

CLL

Front 47

which leukemia has increased incidence of immune hemolytic anemia?

Back 47

CLL

Front 48

lab findings in CLL?

Back 48

lymphoblasts <10%, 'smudge' cells

Front 49

precursor cell in CLL?

Back 49

virgin B cells

Front 50

only leukemia without lymphadenopathy?

Back 50

hairy cell leukemia (HCL)

Front 51

clinical findings in HCL?

Back 51

splenomegaly, absence of lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, autoimmune vasculitis and arthritis

Front 52

lab findings in HCL?

Back 52

pancytopenia, leukemic cells with hair-like projections, increased reticulin fibers in bone marrow, (+)TRAP stain