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73 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is the % of plasma cells in the blood?
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0%
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What blood cell makes up the majority of all cells in the blood?
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PMNs @ 40-60%
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Which WBC is found in the highest count in blood:
Basophils / Eosinophils? |
Eosinophils
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What 3 cell types develop from a common lymphoid stem cell?
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1) Plasma cells
2) T cells 3) NK cells |
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Which WBC are the largest?
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monocytes
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What cells are associated with the 'left shift' involving an increase in immature precursors
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PMNs/neutrophils
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Which cells make up the majority of those originating from a common lymphoid stem cell?
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T cells (80-90%)
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Where do B cells derive from?
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Bone Marrow
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Leukopenia is due to what factor?
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Decrease in Neutrophils
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Immunologic:
Drugs (alkylating agents, Choramphenical, etc..) SLE Idiopathic Splenic sequestration Overwhelming infection Are all involved in what etiology of Neutropenia and Agranulocytosis? |
Increased destruction of Leukocytes
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Aplastic anemia
Infiltrative marrow lesions Tumor, granuloma Drugs B12 and folate deficiency Myelodysplastic syndromes Inherited defects Are all factors in what etiology of Neutropenia and ________? |
-Decreased production of leukocytes
-Agranulocytosis |
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What condition exhibits clinically with:
-infections -ulcerating lesions (in mouth & body) - deep - gray - green-black necrotic membrane |
Leukopenia (Neutropenia & Agranulocytosis)
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In reactive leukocytosis, one will have an increase in WBCs due to
-chronic infxn -SLE -bacterial endocarditis -IBD by a _________ response |
Monocytic
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a _______ response would result from a chronic infection/ or viral disease in the case of Reactive Leukocytosis
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Lymphocytic
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-Acute Myelogenous Leukemias
-Myelodysplastic Syndromes -Chronic Myeloproliferative disorders are all examples of______ _______? |
Myeloid Neoplasms
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What does NHL stand for and what does it encompass?
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Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma: all lymphomas not of Hodgkin's Lymphoma
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What neoplasm presents with:?
-single nodule -contiguous -Reed-Sternberg neoplastic cell |
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
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What neoplasm presents in the Waldeyer ring and mesentery?
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NHL
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Which category of Hodgkin's Lymphoma exhibits with L&H 'popcorn' cells?
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Non-Classical Hodg.
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L = lymphocytic
H = Histiocytic |
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Which category of Hodgkin's presents with B-symptoms (40%)?
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Classical
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What are the B symptoms?
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-fever
-night sweats -weight loss |
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Occuring rarely (5%) of cases:
-Male predominantly -age 30-50 yo -within Cervical/Axillary nodules -SURROUNDED by CD57+ Tcells |
Non-classical Hodgkin's
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What is the most common leukemia in the West?
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CLL (Chronic Lymphocytic Lymphoma)
SLL (Small LL) - depending on blood |
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CLL is most common in males? (T/F)
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True
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CLL always involves _____ and ____?
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bone marrow
spleen |
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Bleeding and infection =
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Cytopenias
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A poor prognosis exists when CLL transforms to ________ or ________?
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Prolymphocytic (10%)
Richter Transformation (10-15%) (Diffuse large B Lymphoma) |
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What is the most common NHL?
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Follicular Lymphoma
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What gene loci is Follicular Lymphoma associated with?
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t(14;18)
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What is the antiapoptopic gene that is expressed positively in Follicular Lymphoma?
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BCL-2
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This disease is deemed indolent and incurable and is seen equally between M and F.
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Follicular Lymphoma
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t(11:14) gene loci is associated with what NHL?
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Mantle Cell Lymphoma
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What protein is associated with Mantle Cell Lymphoma?
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Cyclin D-1 protein
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The neigbhorhood bicycles
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What may arise in the Waldeyer ring as a single, rapidly growing symptomatic mass?
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Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma
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What transcript regulator may be dysfunctioning leading to Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma?
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BCL-6
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What accounts for 20% of NHLs and 5% of childhood lymphomas?
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Diffuse Large B cell Lymphoma
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What are the Bence Jones proteins observed in Plasma Cell Neoplasms?
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Due to unequality of heavy and light Ig chains, light chains are observed in the urine
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Why are Ig not observed in the urine?
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In a normal kidney, Ig are too large to be absorbed found in urine
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What does the 'M' component represent in Plasma Cell Neoplasms?
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Monoconal Component
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MGUS is a symptomatic pathology with 'M' component found in plasma concentration at >3 gm/ dL?
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False:
Monoclonal Gammopathy of Uncertain Significance is AYMPTOMATIC and found in the concentrations <3 gm/dl |
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Blood hyperviscosity due to elevated IgM = ?
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Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia
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What disease presents in:
-Males - 50-60 yo - exhibits 'punched out' cranial lesions |
Multiple Myeloma
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When are plasma cells observed in the blood?
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NEVER (rarely)
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What presents with:
-'M' component: 55% IgG -Infection -renal insufficiency -hypercalcemia -poor prognosis |
Multiple Myeloma
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ALL stands for?
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Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
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Which precursor cells are seen in a higher ratio in ALL? (B or T cells)?
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B cells (80%)
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What is the target audience for B and T cell ALL?
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B cell: Male children
T cell: Male adolescents |
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AML stands for?
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Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
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What leukemia is more common in adults and may caused by smoking and benzene exposure?
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AML
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In what leukemia (ALL or AML) are granulocytes observed in cytoplasm?
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AML
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-Myeloblasts > 20% bone marrow cells
-presence of Auer Rods: MPO+ -present Mouth / Throat ULCERS characterize which disease? |
AML
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Recurrent Cytogenic Abnormalities are associated with what etiology?
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AML
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AML with the gene locus t(8:21) exhibits____ _____?
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Auer Rods
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Increased Eos is associated with AML with _______?
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Inv 16
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The leukemia that is responsive to Retinoic Acid is called_______ and gene polymorph at t(__ : __)?
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Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
t15;17 |
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AML with 11q23 is associated with what standout symptom?
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Gingival infiltration
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What AML : NOS is associated with Auer Rods?
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M2 - matured
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Group of clonal stem cell disorder with ineffective hematopoiesis is called?
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MDS (Myelodysplastic Syndrome)
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What disease presents with:
-hypercellular marrow -high rate of apoptosis -Older (60 yo+) -weakness -hemorrhaging -Anemia |
MDS
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What is a most important hematic finding in MDS?
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Blast cells < 20% in bone marrow
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What are Erythroids concerning MDS?
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Ringed Sideroblasts: iron-laden mitochondria that cannot properly make RBCs
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Psueod-Pelger Heut cells (2 lobes) &
Pawn Ball cells are generally what type of cells and associated with ____? |
PPH cells = Neutrophils
PBCs = Megakaryocytes MDS |
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Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
Polycythemia Vera Essential Thrombocytosis Primay Myelofibrosis are all examples of? |
Myeloproliferative Disorders
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what 3 characteristics do the Myeoloproliferative disorders have in common?
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1) Splenomegaly (large spleen)
2) Spent Phase: cytopenias & marrow fibrosis 3) Can progress to to Leukemia |
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What disease presents with the Philadelphia Chromsome and is seen in patients 25-60 yo?
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CML ( Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia)
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The etiology dealing with tyrosine kinase activity leading to an unregulated myeloproliferative state
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CML ( Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia)
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Associated with:
- JAK-2 mutation -Low Epo levels |
Polycethemia Vera
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33-57% have JAK-2
Megakaryotic line (platelets) Large platelets is associated with? |
Essential Thrombocytosis
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Tear-drop smears RBCs on peripheral smears?
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Primary Myelofibrosis
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,2 yo
cutaneous lesions (trunk & scalp) Coffee bean nucleus Birbeck granules in cytoplasm |
Langerhan's Cell Histiocytosis
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There are 3 clinicopathic scenarios associated with Langerhan's Cell Histiocytosis?
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(2) Multifocal: Letterer-Siwe Disease
eosinophilic granuloma (1) Unifocal: eosinophilic granuloma |
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Expanding eroding masses in bone in LCH can lead to?
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tooth loss
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What may present itself on the outside of lymphnodes in African children's mandibles, exhibiting a 'starry sky' appearance under the microscope?
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Burkitt Lymphoma
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