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4 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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-Distinguish between, and provide examples of, resources and conditions. Describe how resources and conditions set niche space for organisms. Explain the relationship between niche overlap and realized/fundamental niches of organisms.
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-Resource: must satisfy 3 conditions: essential, depletable and nonsubstitutable
ex:/ nutrients (water, oxygen), space, light, mates -Condition: ex:/temperature, seasonality, salinity, predation -Ecological Niche: Set of factors that are “requirements for life” - n dimensional hypervolume ex:/temperature, salinity versus fitness, growth curve -Fundamental Niche: Species Z lives without competitors and exists in the widest possible range of conditions -Realized Niche: Considers predation, competition and disease. |
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-Describe the kind of manipulative experimentation necessary to demonstrate competition on an ecological timescale (including changes in density or fitness as the appropriate effects to measure).
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-You can judge the effect of competition only by removing one party, and observing the response of the other.
-Short Term: changes in abundance ex:/ rodent abundance increased with the removal of kangaroo rats. -Long Term: over evolutionary time. Two birds - both live on one island and also live independently on different islands. -Sympatry: each species will perform sub-optimum because they are constrained by competition. -Allopatry: each species will perform at something close to its optimum because each live without interspecific competition. -Character Displacement: The shift in average characteristic exhibited by both species. |
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-Explain how evidence derived from “natural experiments” may indicate the role of competition acting over evolutionary timescales (including changes in inherited traits as the appropriate effects to measure).
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-Overlap of niches will cause a shift in trait range over evolutionary time. Each species will experience decreased fitness (probably not at the same magnitude).
-Sometimes species don’t have the genetic capacity to change evolutionarily. -In this case, one species generally competitively excludes the other. |
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-Describe the mechanism of the intermediate disturbance hypothesis, and explain its non-equilibrial nature.
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-Survival is dependent on competition and the environmental context (abiotic factors)
-The Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis states that local species diversity is maximized when ecological disturbances are neither rare nor too frequent. -At low levels of disturbance, more competitive organisms survive -At high levels of disturbance, the more opportunistic organisms survive -At intermediate levels, both r and K selected species can coexist. |
