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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a wave?
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a disturbance that transfers energy
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What is a medium?
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a substance or region through which a wave is transmitted
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What does the speed of waves depend on?
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depends on the properties of the medium
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What are mechanical waves?
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waves which require a medium
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How does the matter move in a longitudinal wave?
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back and forth, parallel to the direction of the wave
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How does the matter move in a transverse wave?
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up and down at a right angle to the direction of the waves
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What is a crest?
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the highest on a transverse wave
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What is trough?
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the lowest point on a transverse wave
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What is node?
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the rest position of the wave
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What is the wavelength?
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the distance from one position of the wave
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What is the area squeezed together in a compressional wave?
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compression
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What is the area spread out is a compressional wave?
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rarefaction
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What is amplitude?
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the maximum distance the wave vibrates from its rest position
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What does it mean when a wave has a larger amplitude?
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taller wave and more energy
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What does it mean when a wave has a shorter wavelength?
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more energy
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What is frequency?
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the number of waves produced in a given time
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How do you find the frequency in a longitudinal wave?
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calculate frequency by counting the number of compressions or rarefactions
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How do you find the frequency in a transverse?
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calculate the frequency by counting the number of crests or troughs
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What are the units for frequency?
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hertz(Hz)
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What does it mean when a wave has a higher frequency?
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more energy
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What is the wave speed?
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the speed at which a wave travels
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What does speed depend on?
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the medium that it's traveling through
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How do you calculate wave speed?
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wave speed=wave length x frequency
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What is reflection?
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occurs when a wave bounces back after striking a surface
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What are echoes?
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reflected sound waves
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What is refraction?
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the bending of a wave through the substance
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What happens moves from one medium to another?
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the wave changes speed and wavelength
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What does the speed of refraction depend on?
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depends on the medium
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What is diffraction?
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the bending of waves around or through an opening
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What does diffraction depend on?
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depends on wavelength and the size of barrier/opening
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What is interference?
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the result of two or more waves overlapping
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What is the difference between constructive and destructive interference?
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constructive interference increases the amplitude of a wave and destructive interference decrease the amplitude of a wave
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What can interference waves create?
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standing waves
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What are standing waves?
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a wave that forms a stationary pattern in which portions of the wave are at the rest position
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What is resonance?
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occurs when two objects naturally vibrate at the same frequency
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What is sound?
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a form of energy produced by the vibration of matter
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What type of wave is sound?
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a longitudinal wave
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Does the air travel with the sound?
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No
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Which two forms of matter is sound transmitter better?
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solids and liquids
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Which form of matter transmits sound the farthest?
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gas
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How is the speed of sound affected when the density is greater?
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the speed of sound slows
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How is the speed of sound affected when the elasticity is greater?
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the speed of sound is faster
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What are the best conductors of sound?
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elastic substances
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Can sound be transmitted through a vacuum?
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No
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What is the speed of sound?
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344m/s in air at 20 degrees celcius
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What does the outer ear do?
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collects sound waves and directs them into the ear canal
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What does the middle ear do?
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increases the size of the vibrations
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What does the inner ear do?
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vibrations created by sound are changed into electrical signals for the brain to interpret
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What happens to sound when the medium is cooler?
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sound travels slower
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What happens to sound when the medium is warmer?
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sound travels faster
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What is pitch?
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highness or lowness of sound
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What does pitch depend on?
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the frequency of a sound wave
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What is ultrasonic?
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higher than 20,000Hz
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What is infrasonic?
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lower than 20Hz
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What is intensity?
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volume, or loudness of sound
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What does intensity depend on?
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the energy(amplitude) of the sound wave
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What is intensity measured in?
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decibels
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What is the Doppler Effect?
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change in a wave frequency caused by a moving wave source or when the observer of the sound moves
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What is an oscilloscope?
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a device that graphs representations of sound waves
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What is echolocation?
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the process using reflected sound waves to find objects
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What are beats?
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variations in sound intensity produced by two slightly different frequencies
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What is the Sound Barrier?
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the point at which the source of a sound accelerates to the speed of sound
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What is a Sonic Boom?
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the explosive sound heard when a shock wave reaches your ears
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What is a forced vibration?
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when one vibrating object forces another object to vibrate at the same frequency
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What is a fundamental?
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the lowest natural frequency of an object
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What are overtones?
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multiples of the fundamental frequency
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What is music?
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specific pitches and sound quality; regular pattern
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What is noise?
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any sound that is a random mix of frequencies or pitches
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What are Acoustics?
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the study of sound
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What is reverberation?
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echo effect produced by the reflection of sound
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